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csp (concentrated solar power) technology
This document discusses various types of solar power technologies including concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaics (PV). It describes several CSP systems - parabolic troughs, solar power towers, Stirling dishes, and linear Fresnel reflectors. It also discusses PV systems and their components. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of solar power and different storage methods. It explains why India needs to adopt CSP technologies given its energy scenario and policy targets for renewable energy.
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csp (concentrated solar power) technology
- 1. SUMITTED TO: SUBMITTEDBY: Partiksha katiyar Arvind Dautaniya Asst. Professor Roll No.-EC110007 Department of Electronics Engg. B.TECH. 4TH YEAR PRATAP UNIVERSITY
- 2. 1. INTRODUCTION 2.CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER 3. PARABOLIC TROUGH 4. SOLAR POWER TOWER 5. STIRLING DISH 6. PHOTOVOLTAICS 7. PV SYSTEM 8. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 9. STORAGE METHODS 10. WHY INDIA NEED CSP
- 3. • Solar poweris the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). • Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. • Photovoltaics convert light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.
- 4. Concentrating SolarPower systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough , the concentrating linear Fresnel reflector, the Stirling dish and the solar power tower. Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage. Thermal storage efficiently allows up to 24 hour electricity generation.
- 5. A parabolictrough consists of a linear parabolic reflector that concentrates light onto a receiver positioned along the reflector's focal line. The receiver is a tube positioned right above the middle of the parabolic mirror and is filled with a working fluid. The reflector is made to follow the Sun during the daylight hours by tracking along a single axis. Parabolic trough systems provide the best land-use factor of any solar technology.
- 6. A solarpower tower uses an array of tracking reflectors (heliostats) to concentrate light on a central receiver atop a tower . These are more cost effective, offer higher efficiency and better energy storage capability among CSP technologies.
- 7. • The Stirlingconcentrating dish solar dish combines a parabolic with a Stirling engine which normally drives an electric generator. • The advantages of Stirling solar over pv cells are higher efficiency of converting sunlight into electricity & longer lifetime. Parabolic dish systems give the highest efficiency among CSP technologies. The 50 kW Big Dish in Canberra, Australia is an example of this technology.
- 8. Commercial CSP Parabolic Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel 8 Collector • Temp~400°C • Line Focusing • Linear Receiver tube • Water consuming • Conc.: Parabolic Mirrors • Heat Storage feasible • Most Commercialized • Good for Hybrid option • Requires flat land • Good receiver η but low turbine η
- 9. Commercial CSP Parabolic Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel 9 5/16/2011 Collector • Temp~600-800°C • Point Focusing • Flat Conc. Mirrors • Commercially proven • Central Receiver • Water consuming • Heat Storage capability • Feasible on Non Flat sites • Good performance for large capacity & temperatures • Low receiver η but good turbine η
- 10. Commercial CSP •Temp~700-800°C • Point Focusing • Uses Dish concentrator • Stirling Engine • Generally 25 kW units • High Efficiency ~ 30% • Dry cooling • No water requirement • Heat storage difficult • Commercially under development • Dual Axis Tracking Parabolic Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel 10 Collector
- 11. [email protected] 11 •Temp~400°C • Line Focusing type • Linear receiver • Fixed absorber row shared among mirrors • Flat or curved conc. mirrors • Commercially under development • Less Structures • 5 MW operational in CA Commercial CSP Parabolic Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel Collector
- 12. A solarcell, or photovoltaic cell (PV), is a device that converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect. Solar cells produce direct current (DC) power which fluctuates with the sunlight's . For practical use this usually requires conversion to certain desired voltages or alternating current (AC), through the use of inverters. 12
- 13. Multiple solarcells are connected inside modules. Modules are wired together to form arrays, then tied to an inverter, which produces power at the desired voltage, and for AC, the desired frequency/phase Many residential systems are connected to the grid wherever available, especially in developed countries with large markets. In these grid-connected PV systems, use of energy storage is optional. In certain applications such as satellites, lighthouses, or in developing countries, batteries or additional power generators are often added as back-ups. Such stand-alone power systems permit operations at night and at other times of limited sunlight.
- 14. PV modules fordomestic purposes PV Array
- 16. I. There areseven types of lights in the sunlight :- VIBGYOR • Violet • Indigo • Blue • Green • Yellow • Orange • Red The solar panel works best in the red light whereas it works the poorest in violet light and medium in the green light.
- 17. Solar energyis a completely renewable resource. Solar cells make absolutely no noise at all. Solar energy creates absolutely no pollution. Very little maintenance is required to keep solar cells running. Solar panels and solar lighting may seem quite expensive when you first purchase it, but in the long run you will find yourself saving quite a great deal of money Solar powered panels and products are typically extremely easy to install. As our oil reserves decline, it is important for us to turn to alternative sources for energy.
- 18. Solar energyis not available at night. Storing energy is an important issue in order to get continuous supply of power. Solar energy can be stored at high temperatures using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium as the cost low having specific heat capacity. Off grid systems use recharges batteries to store excess electricity that can be sent to transmission grid.
- 19. resemble traditionalpower plants generation based on steam and is large scale use standard equipment for power generation can be built in small sizes and added to as needed can achieve high steam operating temperatures, allowing more efficient power generation capable of combined heat and power generation steam for absorption chillers, industrial process heat, desalination Non-carbon emitting power generation incorporates storage storage not major part of generation cost size of steam power plant that lacks storage does not have to be increased when storage added added storage cost effective if energy sold at peak hours allows generation to match utility load profile can be hybridized with intermittent renewables 19
- 20. high upfrontcapital costs for concentrators and storage require unscattered “direct normal” solar radiation, thus limiting where CSP plants can be located desert areas are best (but also arid) require cooling, as with any steam power plant, creating a requirement for water or air cooling water limitations may necessitate air cooling in many locations, with penalty in capital cost, generating efficiency and energy cost require large surface areas for placement of concentrators 20
- 21. 1.Concentrated solar power 2.Photovoltaic 3.Solar vehicles 4.Solar heater 5.Solar cooker 6.Passive solar energy 7.Satellites and spacecrafts 8.Small appliances like calculator 9.Remote Sensing 10.Emergency Roadside Telephones
- 22. Why IndiaNeeds CSP Indian Energy scenario Global trends Climate Change Action Plan
- 23. 29th July 2009 ASSOCHAM South Asia Renewable Energy Conference, New Delhi 29% 10% 2,944 MW 1,141 MW 71% 7,231 MW Other RE Wind Total installed capacity as on 31.3.2009 is 148265.4 23% 78 % 90% 9,755 10,897 MW Hydro RES 34% Nuclear 3% Gas 10% Diesel 1% Coal 52% RES Gas Nuclear Diesel Coal 39,222 MW
- 24. Coal Major energy source. Biomass Primary source of cooking energy in > 80% rural households. Electricity All India average shortage ~ 11.6 % Peak Load supply shortage ~ 15 % Base Load supply shortage ~ 9 % Energy security concern Around 75 % of the petroleum supply is imported Even coal is being imported
- 25. Poor electrification status 78 million households (44%) in the country do not have access to electricity 1,25,000 villages are un-electrified Electricity supply situation is generally poor in even electrified villages
- 26. 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 Installed Capacity (MW) 7% GDP growth 8% GDP growth Source: Planning Commission, 2005
- 27. Percentage distribution ofprimary commercial energy supply- 2031 100 80 60 40 20 0 Reference Evolution Resolution Ambition Scenarios % Coal Natural Gas Oil Hydro Nuclear Renewables
- 28. Proposed targets 20 GW by 2020 100 GW by 2030 or 10-12% of total power generation capacity estimated for that year 4-5GW of installed solar manufacturing capability by 2017
- 29. Source: REN21, 2009 Billion Dollars Investments in solar PV 32% (US$38.4 billion)
- 30. Solar radiation mapof India If one percent of the land is used to harness solar energy for electricity generation at an overall efficiency of 10%; 492 x 106 MU/year electricity can be generated
- 31. More than10 different technology combinations More than 400MW installed capacity More than 8GW installed capacity projects announced
- 32.
Editor's Notes
- #30 Source: Renewables 2009, Global Status Report, REN21