The document discusses cyberinfrastructure, which is defined as infrastructure that supports distributed science through linking together data, people, and computers using technologies like grids, web services, and web 2.0. It explains that cyberinfrastructure utilizes both parallel computing for high performance simulations and distributed systems for integrating distinct components. Several key technologies that underpin cyberinfrastructure are also outlined, including service-oriented architectures, workflows, and standards.