Dad (Data Analysis And Design)

Dad (Data Analysis and Design)
Data Analysis And Design
BTEC HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA
Assignment
Institute Name : IDM Computer Studies Pvt. Ltd.
Unit Name : Data Analysis and Design
Unit : Unit 13
Assignment Title : Understanding and Analysis, Design and Implementation of Database system.
Date given : 10th May 2010
Date to be submitted : 20th July 2010
Lecturer : Mr. T. Shanakr
Rational
The objective of this assignment is to assure that the students have gained the relevant knowledge
according to the outcomes specified in the syllabus.
Assessment requirements to meet learning outcomes
1. Understand data models and database technology 2. Design a relational database ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Look at different ways of testing. (Task | | | |
|validation |4.2) | | | |
|P13.4.3 Evaluate a range of testing techniques |Description about 3 types of anomalies (Insertion, | |
| |
|and apply one to your own database design |Deletion and pupation anomalies). (Task 4.3) | | | |
|Grade Descriptors for MERIT | |Feedback |

Optical Filters Used For Edge Detection
In image processing, a Gabor filter, named after Dennis Gabor, is a linear filter used for edge
detection. Frequency and orientation representations of Gabor filters are similar to those of the
human visual system, and they have been found to be particularly appropriate for texture
representation and discrimination. In the spatial domain, a 2D Gabor filter is a Gaussian kernel
function modulated by a sinusoidal plane wave. Simple cells in the visual cortex of mammalian
brains can be modeled by Gabor functions.[1][2] Thus, image analysis with Gabor filters is thought
to be similar to perception in the human visual system. A set of Gabor filters with different
frequencies and orientations may be helpful for extracting useful features from an image.[7] In the
discrete domain, two–dimensional Gabor filters are given by, G_c[i,j]=B e^{–frac{(i^2+j^2)}
{2sigma^2}}cos(2pif(icos heta+jsin heta)) G_s[i,j]=C e^{–frac{(i^2+j^2)}{2sigma^2}}sin(2pif(icos
heta+jsin heta)) where B and C are normalizing factors to be determined. 2–D Gabor filters have
rich applications in image processing, especially in feature extraction for texture analysis and
segmentation.[8] f defines the frequency being looked for in the texture. By varying heta, we can
look for texture oriented in a particular direction. By varying sigma, we change the support of the
basis or the size of the image region being analyzed. Gabor filter architecture Figure 4.1.
Architecture Of Gabor filter Gabor

Software Systems Requirements Engineering
This paper presents an overview of software systems requirements engineering (RE).The
requirement engineering is the process of eliciting individual stakeholder requirements and their
needs and evolving them in depth. And then granted requirements is documenting in a form that is
responsive to analysis and communication and specified that they can serve as the basis for all other
system development activities. This research paper provides a wide–ranging and well–structured
introduction to the fundamentals, principles, and techniques of requirements engineering. In this
paper they presents agreed techniques for eliciting, negotiating and documenting as well as
validating, and managing requirements for software–intensive systems. The various phases of the
process and the techniques are demonstrated using numerous examples and their work in industrial
collaborations. Their presentation aims at professionals, students, and lecturers in systems and
software engineering development. The Professionals people such as software architects, project
managers, and software engineers will profit in their daily work from the well–presented mixture of
validated measures and industrial experience. Students and lecturers will appreciate the complete
description of sound fundamentals, principles, and techniques. It provides one of the clearest
definitions of RE: "Requirements engineering is the branch of software engineering concerned with
the real–world Goals for, functions of, and

Wolf Moose Project
Term Project Specification Predator–Prey Model and Analysis of the Wolf–Moose Relationship
Administrative Information John Suarez: dynamic analysis, research David Shuttleworth: system
engineer, UML modeling System being modeled This project plans on modeling a dynamic system
predator–prey relationship. The wolf–moose relationship of Isle Royal represents a unique location
where moose is solely preyed upon by wolves. And wolves prey mostly just on moose; however, it
has been noted that beavers have been a secondary food source. The wolf and moose population in
this locale has been studied thoroughly and population statistics have been recorded for over 50
years. Evidence supporting external factors that have had an effect on the populations ... Show more
We hope to employ machine learning techniques that may lead to a model that can better predict
future issues for planning and conservation. Model Formulation The wolf–moose relationship will
first be modeled using UML. The purpose and requirements of the conceptual model will be
captured using UML via use case diagrams. Furthermore, a class diagram will be used to document
the system components, and a state diagram will be used to capture the possible states of a wolf and
moose. The state diagram may also be used as a building block for possible Markov Chain and
Bayesian Net models. Sequence and Activity diagrams will also be generated to model the dynamic
behavior of the predator–prey relationship. This model will be particularly useful for building a
dynamic model. The system will be modeled using a Bayesian Network or Markov Model. These
types of models may be useful for determining cause of moose death: natural causes or harvested by
wolves. This model will be based on historical data where the predator–prey relationship was
particularly isolated to external

Predictive Validation Paper
While it can be difficult to find that there are processes, procedures, and business decisions in place
that may not be working as intended, for leaders, analytics are unavoidable as the insights gained
add value and drive leaders to make better evidence–based people decisions (Hirsch, Sachs &
Toryfter, 2015). Analytics are used in various business practices including the validation of pre–
employment assessments. Validation is one of the most essential aspects of any legitimate pre–
employment assessment program. Predictive validity is established when the scores from a
measurement procedure generate accurate predictions about the construct it has been designed to
measure. (e.g., intelligence, achievement, burnout, etc.). In a predictive validation ... Show more
Consider for example a university that is looking to hire 20 faculty members to fill positions within
its math and science department from an applicant pool of 125. An assessment is given to identify
the most qualified applicants. An optimal study design would use and test predictive validity
simultaneously placing the 20 applicants with the best scores in the vacant positions. After 6
months, the hires work performance would be assessed. From there the assessment and work
performances (criterion) can be correlated. The result is high reliability and high content validity.
Chances for adverse impact are also greatly reduced. This approach also provides verification of
job–relatedness of the assessment. It is also difficult for applicants to fake job proficiency which
ensures a more positive correlation in the relationship between test scores and job performance. The
validation of assessments aid managers in gaining an understanding of the market and formulating
employer branding. Assessment validation is also the key driver in objectively quantifying test
results. Through the use of predictive validation managers are able to confirm that the items
included in an assessment accurately represent the constructs being analyzed and that appraisal
based on logic and

ABI Reflection
This is Evelyn Lilley, a former ABI teacher, and I am writing to ask a favor regarding my
verification of my employment with ABI. I had been searching for a while to locate you. Your
profile is awesome–you are doing well, and your background as an educator and scholar are most
impressive–an earned doctorate, Wow! I got your information from the Internet. Mr. Leggio, you me
supervisor at ABI when I taught there, and I need to ask a favor of you. I teach at Jackson Public
Schools in Jackson, Mississippi; I am seeking to get credit for my years of classroom teaching
experience. Jackson Public Schools requires that individuals who verify employment using the
Teacher Verification of Employment employ a Notary or other authentication seal

Project Pluto Will Adopt The Incremental Build Model Essay
Project Pluto will adopt the Incremental–build model to deliver the required objectives. It is a build–
test–demonstrate model of iterative development in which frequent demonstrations of progress and
verification and validation of work to date are emphasized. Business requirements are allocated to
various elements of the software architecture, and the architecture is partitioned into a prioritized
sequence of builds. Each build adds new capabilities to the incrementally growing product. The
Incremental–build model provides Project Pluto with the "advantages of continuous integration,
verification, and validation of the evolving product, frequent demonstration of progress, early
warning of problems, early delivery of subset capabilities, and systematic incorporation of rework
that may occur during the software development" (Fairley, 2009, p. 64). A significant advantage of
an Incremental–build process is that features built first are verified, validated, and demonstrated
most frequently because subsequent builds incorporate the features of the earlier builds. In building
the software to control a nuclear reactor, for example, the emergency shutdown software could be
built first. Operation of emergency shutdown (scramming) would then be verified and validated in
conjunction with the features of each successive build. Planning an Incremental–build project
involves planning for analysis and design plus planning the number of and frequency of

Database Migration Is The Transportation Of Data From...
INTRODUCTION
Database migration is the transportation of data from existing database to new database. With the
advancement in technologies, upgrade in database data migration has become frequent and change
in legal regularity is also a reason. To cope with better performance of the application and better
outcome to the organization it is critical to achieve the migration in time, budget and allocated
resources. Johny Morris, in [1] related data migration as "the selection, preparation, extraction,
transformation, and permanent movement of appropriate data that is of the right quality to the right
place at the right time and the decommissioning of legacy data stores." Migrating data from source
to destination is not just copy pasting the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The best practice for data migration is to use a tool or process that involves iterative approach and
the answer is ETL, which is used during migration to extract data from legacy system then
transform the data in required format and finally load in the target database. Some literatures verify
the saying that ETL is more preferred tool for data migration. 41% of projects use ETL, on the
second spot of most popular techniques being hand coded solutions with 27% [5]ETL has
consolidated tools support[6]. The success of ETL tools is also due to the fact that Business
Intelligence and Data Warehousing makes use of this paradigm [7].
[8] Discussed a substantial escalation in data quality based on the observation of statistical analysis
before and after using automated ETL.
After successful migration, the main issue lies with the integrity of quality data at target database
which is done by data validation testing. A few of the existing methodologies of data validation
testing is discussed in brief here in which some follows manual approach and other uses automated
approach with their limitations.
Some ongoing methodologies include:
1. Lines of code
This is the simplest process for validation data. It uses COUNT operator and counts number of lines
in both legacy and target databases and then compares them. If the rows in both databases are equal
then it is considered as successful migration.

Cryptography : Computer And Science Of Breaking Encoded...
Cryptography:–
If you want to keep information secret, you have two possible strategies: hide the existence of the
information, or make the information unintelligible. Cryptography is the art and science of keeping
information secure from unintended audiences, of encrypting it. Conversely, cryptanalysis is the art
and science of breaking encoded data. The branch of mathematics encompassing both cryptography
and cryptanalysis is cryptology.
Modern cryptography uses sophisticated mathematical equations (algorithms) and secret keys to
encrypt and decrypt data.
Encryption Decryption
Today, cryptography is used to provide secrecy and integrity to our data, and both authentication and
anonymity to our communications.
Types of Cryptography:–
There are a few methods for grouping cryptographic calculations. For purposes of this paper, they
will be classified focused around the quantity of keys that are utilized for encryption and decoding,
and further characterized by their application and utilization. The three sorts of calculations that will
be examined are:
Secret Key Cryptography (SKC): Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption
Public Key Cryptography (PKC): Uses one key for encryption and another for decryption
Hash Functions: Uses a mathematical transformation to irreversibly "encrypt" information
Secret Key Cryptography:–
With Secret key cryptography, a solitary key is utilized for both encryption and

Difference Between The Waterfall And The V Model Essay
In the world of business and project management, there are certain ways in which projects get
completed. Many of these ways are known as models or methodologies. Most of these models stem
from the SDLC, or the Software Development Life Cycle (Tutorials Point). One of these alternative
models is known as the V–Model or V–Method. The V–Model is an SDLC model that is also based
on the Waterfall Model. Both the Waterfall and the V–Method are sequential methods, which means
every phase must be completed before moving onto the next step. The main difference between the
Waterfall and the V–Model is that the V–Model has a testing phase for each development phase. The
V–Model is split into two parts; the Verification phases, and the Validation phases (Tutorials Point).
The left part of the V–Model is known as the Verification side. The following steps are apart of the
Verification phase: requirement analysis, system design, architectural design, and the module
design. The requirement analysis phase involves the customer in which they explain what is
expected in the final product. The system design phase is where the team members analyze and
understand the requirements and a blueprint is formed. The architectural design phase, also known
as high–level design, is the designing of the hardware and software to be implemented. The module
design phase, also known as the low–level design, is where the internal design for the system is
agreed upon. All these steps have a Validation Phase

Hardware Design Practices For Modern Hardware
Hardware is the basis of any computing system and, as such, should be the first part of the system to
consider security. The research presented in Trustworthy Hardware from Untrusted Components
looks at the present state of hardware security, analyzes the vulnerabilities and possible solutions,
and presents an alternative approach to ensure that the end–result of the hardware design process is a
secure and trustworthy piece of hardware. There are many factors that contribute to the current
susceptibility of hardware to attacks. Modern hardware design practices incorporate the use of more
third–party intellectual property (IP) components, such as USB components. Modern hardware
design practices require that a piece of hardware pass through thousands of engineers in the stages
from design to manufacture. Modern hardware is much more complex than what has been
manufactured in the past. Finally, modern hardware is designed by teams with relatively few
designers for each subcomponent. In an idealistic world, hardware would be designed and
manufactured in a single secure location with trusted personnel handling the process from inception
to manufacture; however, this idea is ineffective and cost–prohibitive making it unlikely to be put
into practice. Hardware design follows a very similar process as the software engineering lifecycle
and even has many of the same steps. For instance, the first step in both processes is to gather the
specifications for the requirements. The

The Error Into Software Execution Code
2.3.3. THEOREM PROVING
It uses first order, second order or higher order logic theorem. The main aim of this method is to
detect the error into software execution code. This error could be analyzed in the software
requirement process. All the high level requirements are consistent and satisfies the conformance of
standard.
Thereon proving using deductive mathematics. As it supports for various functionalities like set
theory, logic, alegebric expressions etc. All the mathematical formulae are well defined structure
into this prover. It is very easy to prove the respective requirements. There are various types of
theorem provers.
It uses computer program which has immense capability to solve very difficult problems.
The system needs to present the requirement in precise syntax. This should be properly defined
logical relation between the input and output variables.
Theorem proving is one of the key ways to deal with formal check. It is also known as A hypothesis
prover is a PC program for building and checking deductions in a formal verification . A formal
specification language used to describe the system. There are 3 specifications we should include into
the language.
1. A formal dialect to express formulas: Depending on the requirement, we use the formal
specification languages; eg.OBJ
2. A collection of equations called axioms It uses the stored theorem logic to prove the code. eg.First
or second order logic 3. A gathering

Public Key Infrastructure : Digital Communications And...
Public Key Infrastructure
With the ever increasing surge of digital communications and transactions, a tougher level of
security is essential in order to safeguard the user and their data transactions. Systems, personal
computers, mobile phones, servers, and even smart cards are all being used everywhere and there is
a need to secure communications. With the influx of data management, there is a clear race between
the two challengers in the game known as Information Security between developers and the hackers.
PKI was designed to influence the Internet infrastructure for means of communication (Samuelle,
2011). While decreasing antagonistic misuse of data, reducing data theft, and providing an extra
layer of trust through key pairs and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The overall cost of implementing PKI clearly shifts with every establishment, apart from there being
some regular costs that occur (Azad, 2008). In looking at the equipment side, there can be certain
costs that pinpointed directly for the servers alone, hardware security modules (HSMs), and
reinforcement gadgets along with support media. For example, in a Windows situation there are
additions that can be server authorized expenses (Azad, 2008).
Point of Risk Some important parameters help alot when an organization begins to plan for PKI.
Like any basis made through an association, the business requirements, as well as consideration,
given through the PKI should be surely already known as a preceding usage. Seeing how the PKI
helps the business, what forms it establishes or permits along with any remotely required conditions
allows an organization to agree on cultured selections on the level of risk that will be recognized
when defining the framework (Fund, 2005). For example, an internal PKI supporting remote LAN
confirmation would be prepared and secured exclusively in comparison to a PKI that is worked for
issuing SSL endorsements and trusted throughout external associations. The executive should know
that the Administration plays a critical role in a valid PKI due to the fact that a PKI is not a static
framework. There is also the possibility of progressing changes being made inside the organization's
surroundings that would push operational or security

Software Engineering : Application Of Tools And Methods...
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Introduction
Software Engineering is defined as the application of tools and methods for producing an efficient
solution to a real world problem [1new. K.L.James (2011), Software Engineering 2nd ed., PHI
Learning.]. Software engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building software systems
but also management issues such as directing programming team, scheduling and budgeting.
Software engineering can be defined as the application of the systematic disciplined, quantifiable,
approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software i.e. the application of software
engineering. Software engineering requires understanding and application of engineering principles,
design, skills, good management practice, computer science and mathematical formalism.[ BCS and
IEE report on Undergraduate Curricula for Software engineering, June 1989, London, p. 13]
Managing software projects is a very complex task. To manage the projects one must follow the
balanced approach for staffing, planning, budgeting and organization and co–ordination. If the
project is not well managed it may lead to failure of the project.
Software engineering in short is a branch of engineering which deals with development of software
using well defined scientific principles, methods and procedures. The final outcome of software
engineering is the software product.
IEEE defines software engineering as:
"The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable

Compare The Validation And Verification Methods For The...
There are various methods you can use to validate the reliability of the information. The information
will only be reliable if the information is being received from a dependable source. The accuracy of
the information and the relevance of it should also be up for consideration. There can be many ways
of errors occurring in the information from human error when inputting it to the source material
being incorrect or inaccurate. The two main techniques used to test the reliability of the information
are the validation and verification methods. The verification method involves checking that the data
entered will match up with the original source. The two main ways of doing this is either to use
proofreading techniques or to use the double entry ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The validation methods comprise of making sure that the data entered makes sense and is
reasonable. There are various forms of validation from checking the format to the range etc. There
are five key checks that are used when validating the information: format check, length check,
presence check, range check and spell check. The format check would be checking if the data is in a
correct format, for example a pin number should have four numbers and therefore it should not
contain any letters etc. The check would bring this to the attention of the user if the wrong format
was being used. Length check is the check used in order to see if the data is either too long or too
short. For example if the pin number is four numbers long then the length check will examine the
data to make sure that it is the correct length and in that case it would be four characters long. The
presence check is to examine whether data has been inputted into a field as some fields may require
data entry. In a lot of databases it is required for data to be entered into certain fields and if not then
this may cause problems to the

Software Standards And Software Testing
Software is created with programming language and it contains the tools, compiler, editor and so on.
Computer is one type of hardware that can reads all the software.
Software is one type of program which is developed by developer which is enables to computer to
perform a correct and particular task.
When the program has been finished then it is required to compile in to language for the
understanding of the computer.
Software testing is the one type of procedure of secure that the products which is created by the
developer or programmer for the user or customer which meets all the user requirements.
Sometimes software testing is compulsory because in the software there is some faults and errors.
We can not avoid the faults and this error.
If there are fault in the software equivalent to the design mistake in hardware.
Software testing can not completely identify all the defects and errors within the software.
Software testing is one type of process that should be always done during the software development
process.
Testing judge the quality of the products. After testing we can realize that the products is good for
use or not.
In the other words we can say that software testing is one type of verification and validation process.
Testing is compulsory for improve quality and reliability and to make the software predictable
behavior.
Software testing always takes part to improving the standard of the product.
Static testing: Under the static testing the code is never

Hello World
Week 1 Notes
The four Ps are people, product, project, and process. The people are the project stakeholders. The
stake holders can consists of the business manager, the project manager, programmers, development
team, and end users. The business management normally consists of senior management (VP,
President) and marketing (product manager). The project managers are responsible for tracking and
controlling the progress of the project. Software engineers are responsible for developing and
maintaining the software. Software development includes many tasks such as requirements
gathering, software architecture and design, implementation, testing, configuration management,
and documentation.
A software project defines the activities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That is why it is important to involve the user when determining the requirements for the system.
The more closely a software product meets its specified requirements, and those requirements meet
the wants and needs of its customers, the higher its quality. The more defects there are in software,
the more time engineers spend fixing them, taking time from other important project tasks. Also, the
more defects that exist, the more likely that software changes necessitated by fixing these
defectswill themselves result in more defects. For all these reasons and more, quality is one of the
most important attributes in software and a key contributor to its success.
– The later in the development cycle they are discovered the more they cost to repair.
– According to Boehm [2] and others, the cost of defect repair after software is released to
customers can be
100 times greater as compared to fixing the same defect early in the development cycle.
– Verification: ''The process of evaluating a system or component to determine whether the products
of a given development phase satisfy the conditions imposed at the start of that phase.''
For example, is the software design sufficient to implement the previously specified requirements?
Does the code fully and correctly implement the design?
– Validation: ''The process of evaluating a system or component

Coast Guard Case Study
1. According to the Coast Guard Chief of Casualty Matters, there are inaccuracies on seventy–five
percent of all required annual verification forms received from the field following a personnel
casualty. The magnitude of the information contained within these forms is not being properly
relayed to our members. To become proficient in collecting required documentation, the Coast
Guard needs to eliminate inaccuracies on the Designation of Beneficiaries and Record of Emergency
Data Form (CG 2020D) (ref (c)), Service Members Group Life Insurance Election and Certificate
Form (SGLV 8286) (ref (d)) and the Family Coverage Election Form (SGLV 8286A) (ref (e)).
Additionally, the Coast Guard must mandate that all annual verifications be electronically ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to ensure the compliance and all annual verifications are completed accurately, the Coast
Guard must create a self–service function located within Direct Access that would generate each
form electronically. Each member would be responsible to update their required data information
during the annually required period (ref (b)), through a self–service function within Direct Access.
However, the self–service function would give the member the ability to change the forms following
a life event when needed and not just during the required period. Once the member completes the
data entry requirements within each section, the system would automatically apply an official
signature, including a time and date stamp (ref (f)). Adding the electronic signature process would
ensure that the forms were not altered and were generated by the member. Currently, these forms are
filled out by hand and are maintained in the SPO PDR (ref (g)). Far too many times these forms are
being reproduced erroneously resulting in numerous forms stored between multiple PDRs creating
confusion of validity and benefit elections. By implementing an electronic validation system,
following the member's digital signature, the forms would automatically be assigned to the SPO
work–list for review, verification and electronic signature from the SPO technician. Upon
verification and approval, Direct Access would automatically generate a deduction from the
members pay account corresponding with the coverage elected on the SGLV 8286 and SGLV 8286A
forms. Establishing this function would eliminate hundreds of wasted work–hours annually for both
the members and SPO technicians. Each document would then be uploaded in the member's
Electronically Imaged PDR for easy availability for the Decedent Affairs Officer (DAO) following a
personnel casualty. Additionally, each electronic validation would be tracked through CGBI for
command visibility. Creating this process would catapult the Coast Guard out of

Health Policy Associates: Executive Summary
A robust quality system is integral to ongoing regulatory compliance, smooth inspections, and
audits. Health Policy Associates is fully equipped to serve as an outsourced quality department,
creating and implementing a customized quality system for our clients. We can also serve simply as
experienced consultants and advisors on quality systems.
Our extensive experience in quality systems includes the following areas of expertise:
Quality Management System Development and Implementation, where we identify necessary
procedures based on client– and product–specific needs and develop and deploy customized
standard operating procedures (SOPs)
Quality System Training, where we match training to each client's need for integration of quality–
related

Nt1330 Unit 4
1. As part of the requirement gathering process, the team will interview some of the stakeholders,
executives, and other employees of the hospital. In addition to interviewing, questionnaires would
be handed out to the rest of the workers to find out what their needs are. After the interviews and
questionnaires are completed, all of the requirements gathered will be reviewed by the team to
decide which requirements are the most important ones that the software product is going to meet
and in what type of device the software product is going to run. Since the software is going to be
used in a hospital, the best devices to use are desktop computers and laptops.
2. The Verification and Validation, or V–model, Software Development Paradigm will be used to
define the development life cycle of the software product. This paradigm was chosen because it
allows us to test the software during each stage of the project in an inverse way. Also, because the
validation and verification of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The software will be tested regularly in test computers that have the same specifications as the
hospital's computers. Testing will be done outside of the hospital and with backup information to
ensure the integrity of the hospital's data. During testing, the developers will do simulation of events
and would verify the reliability and performance of the software.
5. The software will be installed on the server of the Virgo Hospital's network using a CD. From
there, the software will be managed and distributed to the other computers on the hospital by the
network administrator. New versions of the software will also be installed on the server and then
distributed to the other desktops computers and laptops.
6. After the software is installed and running in the computer of the Virgo Hospital, the next step is
to stay in touch with the Hospital in case any problems with the software come up. Also, upgrades
with more capabilities and security patches will need to be installed

Requirements Of Requirements And Requirements
Question 1: When writing a requirements document, it is important to understand what it is that
you're writing. Requirements documents must be hierarchical, and also must be consistent.
Consistency is important, because one must be able to follow for whom he is defining requirements.
System requirements vary significantly from stakeholder requirements. As the requirements are
written, it is also important to maintain order along with consistency. If requirements are not ordered
very specifically, it will be easy to lose place of which requirements have already been defined.
When writing requirements statements and sets of requirements statements, one must maintain
uniqueness among each set. Consistency is not enough to disallow requirements from becoming
redundant. One may remain consistent with the hierarchy of the requirements statements, however it
is important to maintain uniqueness. The concept of hierarchy allows for a level of inheritance to be
developed. If a systems engineer finds that he or she is writing redundant requirements, it is
important that the SE evaluates the levels of inheritance. Repeating requirements can be detrimental
in a requirements document for multiple reasons. These requirements take up time and space for
one. This document can be lengthy, but it must be easy to follow and as concise as possible while
being thorough. Also, the level of redundancy in a document predetermines the difficulty of
understanding by its reader. As an extension to

The Cleaning Principles For Allergen Essay
Appendix 11. Cleaning management
11.1 Cleaning Principles for Allergen
Control Effective cleaning is one of the most important aspects of any allergen risk management. A
"visually and physically clean" Standard is not just a casual visual inspection of the production line
or area, it also requires that all of the trouble spots are identified and inspected (key inspection
points should be highlighted on cleaning schedules).
Allergen control of cleaning procedure including:
Remove visible product/residue from all product contact surfaces and above exposed product zones.
Documented visual inspection after cleaning. Verify all validated cleaning parameters (time,
temperature, flow, concentration of detergents) are met.
Flushing: Quality clean before and validated quantity of flushing material (inert non–allergic
materials or product)
Use of vacuum cleaning rather than air hoses/compressed air.
Dedicated cleaning tools / cleaning tools program.
11.2 Cleaning Methods
Wet cleaning
Dry cleaning
Flushing
11.3 Validation and verification of Cleaning
11.3.1 Types of sample
Surface swabs
Purge sample (dry systems)
Rinsate
Settle plates / air monitoring
Finished product
11.3.2 Criteria
Clinically relevant
Validated methodology
Resistant to processing
Difficult to remove (tenacious)
11.3.3 Analytical Techniques

Lab–based o Protein based techniques: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) o DNA
techniques : Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
o

Reflective Essay: How To Clean-Up In The Army
The begining of AFY100 was kinda of a reveiw of what I've learn just in the last couple of years. I
suprised though that there was no mention of a bore snake. When I was in the military all you
needed to clean was a bore snake for the caliber, a brush (toothbrush), CLP (Clean, Lubrecte, and
Protect), and some q–tips. Before the military I had know idea how to clean. Now that I'm out and
working in law enforcement I've learn a little more about using solvent when cleaning. I would
agree though the sooner you clean your weapons after going to the range and shooting a couple
hundreds of rounds. The easyer it is to clean the weapon compare to leving time to build up. I never
really though about the perspiration from fingers and hands leave behind

Modeling and Simulation
Modeling and Simulation
A Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real–world process or system over time. It
involves the generation of an artificial history of a system and observation of the artificial history to
draw inferences concerning the operating characteristics of the real system. Simulation can be used
both as an analysis tool for predicting the effect of changes to existing systems and as a design tool
to predict performance of new systems under varying sets of circumstances
Advantages of Simulation: 1– Choose correctly. 2– Time compression and expansion 3– Explore
possibilities. 4– Diagnose problems. 5– Identify constraints. 6– Develop understanding. 7– Visualize
the plan. 8– Prepare ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. By using simulation to perform bottleneck analysis, you can discover the cause of the delays in
work–in–process, information, materials, or other processes. 3. Simulation studies aid in providing
understanding about how a system really operates rather than indicating an individual's predictions
about how a system will operate 4. By compressing or expanding time simulation allows you to
speed up or slow down phenomena so that you can thoroughly investigate them.
Lecture 2:
A system 1. A system is defined as a group of objects that are joined together in some regular
interaction or interdependence toward the accomplishment of some purpose Example: Automobile
factory – Machines, parts, and workers operate jointly to produce a vehicle Example: Computer
network – User, hosts, routers, lines establish a network
2. A system is often affected by changes occurring outside the system. Such changes are said to
occur in the system environment.
Component of a System
Entity: an entity is an object of interest in the system.
Attribute: an attribute is a property of an entity.
Activity: an activity represents a time period of specified length.
State: the state of a system is defined to be that collection of variables necessary to describe the

Duality Of Song Essay
Song's physicality of this personification is not limited to her behavior, she also uses the physical act
of sex as another power dynamic over Gallimard. Her portrayal of herself as an inexperienced
"modest Chinese girl" (Hwang, 40) gives Gallimard the idea that she is the complete embodiment of
his desires. Song uses her fals inexperience as another way for Gallimard to feel confidence and
control in their relationship. Song takes this a step further by telling Gallimard that she is capable of
pleasing him while still maintaining her modesty. This use of her body without her body is what
Gallimard is most fascinated by. Her ability to carry out his fantasy by being completely modest
while still giving him the pleasure that he wants is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Song even begins to challenge Gallimard's identity by creating a dynamic in their relationship that is
as much about Gallimard's insecure sense of self as it is his desire for power and control. Gallimard
explains, "She would always have prepared a light snack and then, ever so delicately, and only if I
agreed, she would start to pleasure me... But mostly we would talk. About my life. Perhaps there is
nothing more rare than to find a woman who passionately listens." (Hwang, 49) Song not only
displays the ability to listen to Gallimard but the absolute desire to do so, thereby making him feel
valued by her. Gallimard has a constant desire for validation throughout the play and Song's ability
to commit her entire self, body and mind, to him gives him the verification that he needs and so he is
able to feel the confidence in his daily life that he does with her. This display of his necessity to be
listened to shows his need for validation. Because Song understands this she listens to Gallimard
and confirms his thoughts and feelings. Gallimard's need to be listened to reveals his need to feel
valuable, a need rooted in an unstable

Project Plan For Software Project Management Plan
Software Project Management Plan INTRODUCTION PROJECT SUMMARY 1 Purpose, scope
and objective 2 Project deliverables 3 Schedules 4 Evolution of the SPMP REFERENCES
DEFINITIONS PROJECT ORGANIZATION 1 Organizational Structure 2 Roles and
responsibilities
PROJECT START–UP PLAN 1 Estimation plan 2 Staffing plan 3 Resource gaining 4 Project staff
training plan
WORK PLAN
SCHEDULE AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION
QUALITY CONTROL
RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN
PROJECT CLOSE–OUT PLAN
TECHNICAL PROCESS PLANS 1 Process model 2 Methods, tools and techniques 3 Infrastructure
plan 4 Product acceptance plan
SUPPORTING PROCESS PLANS 1 Configuration management plan 2 Verification and validation
plan 3 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goal of the team Synergy is to help the client in the development of such Automated Model
Compiler (AMC) tool. This tool should ultimately allow the users at Ford to be able to use it in their
everyday activities.
Project Summary
This section of the Software Project Management Plan (SPMP) gives an overview of the purpose,
scope, and objectives of the project. It also contains sections regarding the assumptions and
constraints, the project deliverables, the summary of the schedule, and the plan for change in the
SPMP.
1. Purpose, scope and objective
The purpose of this document is to serve as a guide for development of the project and making sure
that all requirements are met and the produced system functions according to the client's
requirements. The SPMP will detail the major activities, resources, schedules and milestones for
developing the AMC software system. The objective of the project is the development of the AMC
tool as well as meeting the requirements of the MSE Studio program.
2. Project deliverables
The Synergy team will deliver all of the software and documentation associated with its product to
the client no later then August 10, 2003. In addition, a final report and presentation will be given to

the MSE studio audience at that time. These deliverables are described below. Only a single copy of
each deliverable shall

Pharmaceutical Validation Tool For Quality Management
Pharmaceutical Validation tool for Quality Management
Abstract
Pharmaceutical validations is part of CGMP regulations by which one can build quality attributes of
pharmaceutical specification, i.e. safety, efficacy, purity, in pharmaceutical products. It assures that
the process follow for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products is well controlled and
monitored at its critical parameters for consistently producing the quality products.
The present review describes the importance of validation in pharmaceutical industry, its
requirement for approval of new drug application by the various regulatory agencies. Furthermore it
highlights the current guidance on process validation by USFDA, EMA.
Key Words: Validation, Quality assurance, critical parameters, NDA, USFDA, EMA, Validation
Guidelines
Contents
Introduction 2
History of Pharmaceutical validation 2
Approaches to Process Validation 4
Stages of process validation according to life cycle approach 4
Stage I: Process Design 4
Stage II: Process Qualification 4
Stage III: Continued Process Verification 5
Features of USFDA Process validation guidance 2011 5
Conclusion 6
References 6
Introduction
Quality is concept applicable at everywhere from business to have successful life. Everyone wants
to buy the quality products and want to live the quality life as per the standards determined by them
for it. As concern with pharmaceutical industries, they are built for to bring the quality in health of
human and animal beings.

Unit 1.1 Data Security Research Paper
1.1 Overarching Concern
Security is now and again called an "overall concern" in light of the fact that everything required in
the Web administrations environment needs some level of insurance against the numerous dangers
and difficulties that IT divisions must manage all the time. For instance, SOAP messages should be
secure, WSDL records may should be secured against unapproved get to, firewall ports may require
extra systems to make preparations for overwhelming burdens and to assess Web administrations
messages, et cetera. Since Web administrations are intended for interoperability, an imperative
objective of the security innovations is to empower execution environment advances to keep on
working while adding security instruments to the Web administrations layers above them. ... Show
These systems are frequently utilized as a part of mix in light of the fact that a wide assortment of
dangers must be considered. As showed in Figure 8–2, WS–Security headers can be added to SOAP
messages before they are sent to the administration supplier.
The headers can incorporate verification, authorization,1 encryption, and mark so that the supplier
can approve the certifications of the requester before executing the administration. Invalid
certifications normally result in the arrival of a blunder message to the requester. The requester
normally includes the validation and approval data as tokens. Hence, there's a need to share and
organize security data, for example, tokens, amongst requester and supplier or over a chain of
requesters, suppliers, and conceivably SOAP delegates. To effectively oversee encryption and
verification for end–to–end message trade designs, the WS–Security detail characterizes a few
SOAP header

Case Study Of Easun Reyrolle
Introduction
CE.1.1.0
INTRODUCTION
CE1.1.1
Project
Verification & Validation of 3 Phase Multifunction Energy Meter
CE. 1.1.2
Duration of Project
6 Months (February 2008 to August 2008 )
CE.1.1.3
Project Location
Project was located in Bangalore, India
CE.1.1.4
Organization
Easun Reyrolle, India is a leader in the field of electrical power management, a vibrant and growing
industry. This is the parent company of the ERL group, which consists of ERL International Pte.
Ltd: Singapore, ERL Marketing International FZE: Sharjah, ERL Phase Power Technologies Ltd:
Canada, ERL Switchcraft Europe GmbH: Germany and ERL Electrical Distribution Solutions Pt
Ltd: Australia. Executed by Easun Reyrolle Ltd to suffice the Energy Meter requirements of
different electricity boards in India.
Organization details: www.easunreyrolle.com
CE.1.1.5
Title of the position held
At the time of this project, I was holding the position as Engineer– Product Management.
CE.1.2.0
BACKGROUND

General Background One of the greatest strengths of Easun Reyrolle is that the entire product cycle
right from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Automation Business & Control & Relay panel Business were the other two business verticals of
ERL; design of control and relay panel for the Electrical substation. Those verticals are our internal
customers apart from the other Electricity boards. Energy meters are very critical in an electrical
system as this is directly linked to the revenue generation of the utility. A minor flaw in the design
may leads to huge loss to the Electrical utility. Hence the design validation of Energy meter is very
critical in terms of the Business point of view. Also Bureau of Indian standard certification is a
Mandatory requirement for selling this product in India. Hence our Management has given emphasis
on the design validation to release a successful product in the

Process Validation Protocol and Report
Process validation Protocol and Report
Chapter–1: Introduction
In today's highly regulated environment for development and manufacturing of Pharmaceutical
/biopharmaceutical Drugs and medical devices there is a heavy requirement imposed by the
regulatory bodies, for the manufactures of drug products to provide an appropriate amount of
assurance that critical processes employed in producing a drug substance or drug product can be
shown to be both doing the right job, and doing the job right is often referred to as Validation.
FDA defines validation as. "Validation is a documented program which provides a high degree of
assurance that a specific process will consistently and repeatedly produce a product meeting its
predetermined ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The validation report should contain the following.
1. Approved validation protocol. 2. Tabulated or graphical results, process monitoring (forms), and
all analytical results of the validation batches. 3. A copy of the batch records and raw material
releases. 4. The presentation of data should be done in the report and be easily understood and neat.
5. Special investigations or additional tests or retests to be explained in the report. 6. Change
controls and Deviations to be reported. 7. The validation report should have a conclusion. 8.
Recommendations may also be made in the report
History of validation protocol and report:
Why validation and the associated validation protocol and report gained importance, below
mentioned is the brief history of the validation and its associated system
Prior to 1978 the pharmaceutical manufacturing was highly regulated, drug product quality and
sterility testing was based solely on finished product testing i.e. it was tested only at the final stage
of the release drug product this was clearly a major setback. For Sterile products – USP Sterility
Testing was the sole criteria for releasing the drug product in to the market. The following incidents
shows

Dnssec Case Study
DNSSEC is a set of DNS extensions that authenticates the origin of zone data and verifies its
integrity by using public key cryptography. That is, the extensions permit DNS clients to ask the
questions, "Did this DNS data really come from the zone's owner?" and "Is this really the data sent
by that owner?"
DNSSEC provides three distinct services: key distribution by means of KEY resource records stored
in the zone files, origin verification for servers and data, and verification of the integrity of zone
data. DNSSEC relies upon a cascading chain of trust: The root servers provide validation
information for the top–level domains, the top–level domains provide validation information for the
second–level domains, and so on.
Public key cryptosystems

AAnalysis On The Computer Services
Numerous users can utilize the modern computer services which require the identity of the users to
be checked precisely. Authentication is the procedure of checking the identity of the users and it
produces a critical information that can be used in securing the PC frameworks. In conventional
frameworks, secret word based validation was utilized for confirmation, yet these passwords can be
intercepted by hackers when sent across the PC systems. Kerberos is a solid validation strategy
where verification depends on cryptography and this technique is suitable for unstable situations as
it protects passwords efficiently (Neuman & Ts, 1994).
According to Bethencourt et al. (2007), the user was only allowed to access data in a distribution if
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The proposed strategy is executed the same way as Role–based access control. The proposed
strategy is less efficient which limits the functioning of the system (Bethencourt et al., 2007).
Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm that intends to provide on demand services through the
internet (Chang & Tsai, 2008). In environmentally friendly power vitality perspective, the four
aspects of cloud computing include low cost, large data storage, efficiency and reliability. Chang
and Tsai (2008) incorporated the hadoop platform in cloud computing together with the access
security under the influence of techniques such as finger print identification and face recognition.
Most cell phones are served either through wired or through remote medium by hadoop cloud
computing. Furthermore, most of slave nodes are controlled and connected by a master node which
is located in the architecture defining Hadoop system where services such as PaaS, SaaS and IaaS
are provided (Chang & Tsai, 2008).
In this paper, cloud framework 's efficiency and effectiveness towards access security is effectively
checked in 2.2 seconds using finger print identification and face recognition strategies in hadoop
system. In order to maintain a connection between the user and the

Testing Is The Process Of Executing The Program
CHAPTER 5
TESTING
5.0 Introduction
Testing is the process to execute the program and find the bugs and fix on the spot. It evaluates the
quality of the software, and done during the development and after the implementation process.
Software testing is the process of executing the program with intend to find the errors.
It is a verification and validation process.
Verification is the process which make sure the product to satisfy the specific requirements at the
start of the project.
Validation it is the process to make sure the product which satisfies the specific requirements at the
end of the development phase.
5.1 Software Testing Basics
In the start of testing process the basic and primary thing is requirements of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The performance of a specific program is not related on errors in code. The errors which occurred
during the execution will be noticed, but the compatibility is another issue that reduces the software
performance.
5.2 The Main Aim of Testing
The main aim of testing is to analyze and examine the performance of a software and to evaluate the
errors that occurred during the execution of a software, when the software is running with different
inputs in different environment. There are different types of testing which are as follow.
Unit testing
Validation testing
Output testing
Integration testing
User acceptance testing
White box testing and Black box testing
5.2.1 Unit Testing In this type of testing the one, one and small part of program is testing and find
the errors during this testing when the errors found and highlight the errors and later fix these errors.
The testing of this type is easy and take less time. When this step of testing is completed then the
next step of testing is performed.
5.2.1.1 Limitations of Unit testing

This is limited to test only the functionality of the units. It can't explain the errors of integration e,
performance problems and system problems. The unit testing only shows the errors which are
occurred during the running of testing, but may it not display the errors which are absent at present
time.
5.2.2 Validation Testing
It is the process to find that the product which is

Quality And Capacity Of Software Testing
5.0 Introduction
Testing is the process to execute the program and find the bugs and fix on the spot. It evaluates the
quality of the software, and done during the development and after the implementation process.
Software testing is the process of executing the program with intend to find the errors.
It is a verification and validation process.
Verification is the process which make sure the product to satisfy the specific requirements at the
start of the project.
Validation it is the process to make sure the product which satisfies the specific requirements at the
end of the development phase.
5.1 Software Testing Basics
In the start of testing process the basic and primary thing is requirements of development cycle, this
phase the testing will be easier for testing.
The quality and capacity of software can be examining by executing the code and check the code at
different conditions such as software testing by subjecting it to different sources as input and
evaluating the results with respect to the inputs.
There are two basics types of software testing.
Black box testing
White box testing
These two basic types of testing are explained at lower part of this chapter.
5.1.1 Functional and Non–Functional Testing
Functional testing defines the specific function of a particular code in the program. The functional
testing gives us the information about the performance and security of a program.
Non–functional testing defines the capabilities of a specific software, and it

Analysis Of Bitlocker
BitLocker was presented in Windows Vista and is additionally bolstered in Windows 7. You can
utilize BitLocker Drive Encryption to help secure all documents put away on the drives where
Windows is introduced (the working framework drive) and in addition those on settled information
drives (interior hard drives). BitLocker will encode the whole drive. The encryption is
straightforward to clients who sign on the framework. That is, they can work with their records in
ordinary way while the framework plays out the encryption and decoding for them naturally.
BitLocker can help square programmers from getting to the framework documents they depend on
to find your secret key or any data in the drive, regardless of whether it is expelled from ... Show
On the off chance that extra verification isn't favored, at that point simply set the drive to
consequently open when you sign on to the PC. In the event that you overlook the secret key or lose
the smartcard, you likewise need to utilize the BitLocker recuperation key to open the drive. 2.
Equipment necessities for BitLocker Drive Encryption To utilize BitLocker Drive Encryption, your
PC needs to meet certain equipment necessities. These necessities differ contingent upon the kind of
drive that you are encoding. To scramble the drive that Windows is introduced on (the working
framework drive), BitLocker stores its own encryption and unscrambling key in an equipment
gadget that is separate from your hard plate, so you should have one of the accompanying: In view
of the – A PC with Trusted Platform Module (TPM), which is an extraordinary microchip in
numerous PCs that backings propelled security highlights. On the off chance that your PC was made
with TPM rendition 1.2 or higher, BitLocker will store its key in the TPM. – A removable USB
memory gadget, for example, a USB streak drive. On the off chance that your PC does not have the
TPM form 1.2 or higher, BitLocker will store its key on the blaze drive. This choice is just
accessible if your framework executive has set up your system to permit the utilization of a start–up
key rather than the TPM. To turn on BitLocker Drive Encryption on the

Difference Between Verification And Validation And Analysis
Boodhi Alshaikh (Abdullah)
CS300 – Midterm
Short Answer (5–7 sentences)
1. What is software? What is Software Engineering?
Software can be defined as any program or operating information used in a computer. Software is
written by programmers who arrange and organize it in a careful instructions and codes. Software
engineering is an engineering field which deals with designing and writing computer programs and
different electrnic devices. In software engineering software's are written and compiled in a way to
make them better and efficient. Software engineering is important because it makes quality
software's which are easy to use and meets the expectations of a customer.
2. What is difference between verification and validation of software?
Verification and validation of software can be defined as a process of checking whether software
meets certain specifications and if it fulfills the purpose it was intended for. The difference between
verification and validation is all about the role of specification. Verification of software is a process
by which a product is evaluated to find out if they meet specific requirements in a development
process. On the other hand Validation of software is the process of evaluating given software at the
development process to determine if it meets the expectations of the customers. Validation captures
the customer's needs while the verification checks if the software's meets specification.
3. What are the process activities for the

Designing A Validation Package For Quality Assurance
5.1. Validation Documentation
5.1.1. Create a validation package consisting of:
· Q–FRM12699 Verification of Computerized Calculations
· Documentation produced from testing (evidence that the requirements of Section 5.3, 5.3, and 5.4
of this procedure have been met)
5.1.2. All phases of the validation will be approved by Quality Assurance. Laboratory management
will assign a qualified person(s) to serve as Validator.
5.1.3. The validation will be assigned a title and version (e.g. 3–Nitro Result Calculator, Version
1.0).
5.1.4. The software name and version will be documented, along with the software's minimum
system requirements.
5.1.5. Once validated, the application can be used on any computer ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
After normal fuction testing results have been verified, challenge tests (if any) will then be
performed. The validation report will include the steps taken in the procedure as well as hard copies
showing both the entry data and the calculated results. Choose data sets based on the number and
types of criteria. Each calculation/macro argument or condition, with its expected outcome, must be
tested for accuracy.
5.3. Normal Function Testing
5.3.1. Prior to testing, spreadsheet will be protected or otherwise secured to prevent changes to the
application's calculations.
5.3.2. Data sets will be entered into the application to evaluate normal function testing. Data sets
will contain numbers covering the range of normal values.
5.3.3. The Validator will print the results and compare to previously calculated or known results. If

the application does not have the ability to print, screen captures may be collected and pasted into a
printable document.
5.3.4. A copy of previously calculated or known results will also be included as part of the
Validation Report.
5.3.5. In cases where unexpected output is generated, the spreadsheet developer must revise the
calculation or macro in question. This function is then revalidated. The process is repeated until the
calculation or macro works as expected.
5.3.6.

Unit 1 Comm606 Assignment 1
Assignment 1– COM606
1.The project I've chosen to conduct within final year is an android app that will manage shifts and
communication with employees. This project was established from my own first–hand knowledge of
being a customer advisor in a shop. The system I intent on developing aims to combine the current
paper–based practices and fingerprint clocking–in system into a single easy to use android
application.
Within the CMMI v1.3 model there are a number of process areas which I could integrate into my
final year project. Out of these process area's I've concluded that Verification (VER) would be most
fitting to my project. This is apparent as the purpose of verification is to ensure that work products
which have been selected and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Secondly, creating tests that will ensure that the specified work product meets the specific
requirements. Lastly, carry out the tests on the work product to ensure the specific requirements are
achieved.
SP1.2 is Establishing a verification environment. This specific practice will determine the
environment in which the verification process will take place.
SP1.3 is Establishing verification procedures and criteria. This specific practice defines the
development of the procedures used for verification and the development criteria that will be placed
with the work, product, requirement, tests and verification environment.
The last specific practice of verification is peer reviews as they're a well–known resource that can
extinguish defects from work products. The specific goal of peer reviews is to acquire a better
understanding of the requirements and the work products produced from the requirements. Instances
of peer reviews include walkthroughs, inspections and pair programming.
The specific practices of verification in instance of my project (an android app that will manage
shifts and communication with employees) are:
SG1 – Prepare for verification
SP1.1 Select work products for

Dad (Data Analysis And Design)

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