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Darwins theory final
Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution by natural selection based on observations and evidence collected during his five-year voyage on the HMS Beagle. His theory proposed that species evolve over generations through natural selection of heritable traits that increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Darwin provided extensive evidence in support of his theory, including observations of variations within and between species, the fossil record, and biogeographical distribution of related species.
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Darwins theory final
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- 3. Darwin’s Theory ofEvolution Evolution, or change over time, is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. A scientific theory is a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world.
- 4. How do youthink Darwin came up with his theory?
- 5. Voyage of theBeagle
- 6. Voyage of Beagle Dates: February 12th, 1831 Captain: Charles Darwin Ship: H.M.S. Beagle Destination: Voyage around the world. Findings: evidence to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about how life changes over time
- 8. Patterns of Diversity Darwin visited Argentina and Australia which had similar grassland ecosystems. those grasslands were inhabited by very different animals. neither Argentina nor Australia was home to the sorts of animals that lived in European grasslands.
- 9. Patterns of Diversity Darwin posed challenging questions. Why were there no rabbits in Australia, despite the presence of habitats that seemed perfect for them? Why were there no kangaroos in England?
- 10. Living Organisms andFossils Darwin collected the preserved remains of ancient organisms, called fossils. Some of those fossils resembled organisms that were still alive today.
- 11. Living Organisms andFossils Others looked completely unlike any creature he had ever seen. As Darwin studied fossils, new questions arose. Why had so many of these species disappeared? How were they related to living species?
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- 14. The Galapagos Island The smallest, lowest islands were hot, dry, and nearly barren-Hood Island-sparse vegetation The higher islands had greater rainfall and a different assortment of plants and animals-Isabela- Island had rich vegetation.
- 16. The Galapagos Island Darwin was fascinated in particular by the land tortoises and marine iguanas in the Galápagos. Giant tortoises varied in predictable ways from one island to another. The shape of a tortoise's shell could be used to identify which island a particular tortoise inhabited.
- 18. Animals found inthe Galapagos Land Tortoises Darwin Finches Blue-Footed Booby Marine Iguanas
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- 21. The Journey Home Darwin Observed that characteristics of many plants and animals vary greatly among the islands Hypothesis: Separate species may have arose from an original
- 22. Ideas that shapedDarwin’s Thinking James Hutton: 1795 Theory of Geological change Forces change earth’s surface shape Changes are slow Earth much older than thousands of years
- 23. Ideas that ShapedDarwin’s Thinking Charles Lyell Book: Principles of Geography Geographical features can be built up or torn down Darwin thought if earth changed over time, what about life?
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- 25. Lamarck’s Theory ofEvolution Theory of Need Theory of Use and Disuse Theory of Transmitting Acquired traits
- 28. Publication of Origin of Species
- 29. Publication of Originof Species Russel Wallace wrote an essay summarizing evolutionary change from his field work in Malaysia Gave Darwin the drive to publish his findings
- 30. Natural Selection &Artificial Selection Natural variation--differences among individuals of a species Artificial selection- nature provides the variation among different organisms, and humans select those variations they find useful.
- 31. Evolution by Natural Selection The Struggle for Existence- members of each species have to compete for food, shelter, other life necessities Survival of the Fittest-Some individuals better suited for the environment
- 32. Struggle For Existence& Survival of The Fittest
- 33. Natural Selection Over time, natural selection results in changes in inherited characteristics of a population. These changes increase a species fitness in its environment
- 34. Descent Descent with Modification-Each living organism has descended, with changes from other species over time Common Descent- were derived from common ancestors
- 35. Summary of Darwin’s Theory Individuals in nature differ from one another Organisms in nature produce more offspring that can survive, and many of those who do not survive do not reproduce.
- 36. Summary of Darwin’s Theory Because more organisms are produce than can survive, each species must struggle for resources Each organism is unique, each has advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence
- 37. Summary (cont.) Individuals best suited for the environment survive and reproduce most successful Species change over time
- 38. Summary (cont.) Species alive today descended with modification from species that lived in the past All organisms on earth are united into a single family tree of life by common descent