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The document provides an overview of IP addresses, defining them as unique 32-bit identifiers for networked machines that facilitate data communication. It details the structure and classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, E), their respective address ranges, and the number of hosts they support. Additionally, it distinguishes between public and private IP addresses and mentions static and dynamic types.

Education

What is an IP Address?
 An IP Address is a 32-bit sequence of 1s and 0s.
 A way to identify machines on a network.
 A unique identifier.
 A numerical label.
101010001111000011101010100111011

IP Usage
Used to connect to
another computer.
Allows transfers of files
and e-mail.

What is an internet protocol?
 Protocol used for communicating data.

Services provided by IP
 Addressing
 Fragmentation

Part of IP Address
 Network Part
 Local or Host Part

IP Structure
 IP Addresses consist of four sections.
 Each section is 8 bits long.
 Each section can range from 0 to 255.
 Written, for example, 128.35.0.72

IP Structure
 5 classes of IP addresses A B C D and
E.
 Class A reserved for governments.
 Class B reserved for companies.
 Class C reserved for companies.
 Class D reserved for multicasting.
 Class E reserved for future use.

IP ranges
Class Address Range Supports
Class A 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 Supports 16 million hosts
on each of 127 networks.
Class B 127.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 Supports 65,000 hosts on
each of 16,000 networks.
Class C 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 Supports 254 hosts on each
of 2 million networks.
Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast
group.
Class E 224.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 Reserved for future use, or
research and development
purposes

network Host Host Host
Class A
24 Bits
Network Network Host Host
Class B
16 Bits
Network Network Network Host
Class C
8 Bits

Address Class High-Order
Bits
First Octal
Address
Range
Number of
Bits in the
Network
Address
Number of
Networks
Number of
Hosts per
Network
Class A 0 0-127 8 126 16,777,216
Class B 10 128-191 16 16,384 65,536
Class C 110 192-223 24 2,097,152 254
Class D 1110 224-255 28 N/A N/A

EXAMPLE
Network Host
32 Bits
Network Network Host Host
8 bits 1 byte 8 bits 1 byte
8 bits 1 byte
8 bits 1 byte
176 10 0 0
Network Address (host bits = all zeros)
N N N N
176 10 255 255
Broadcast Address (host bits = all ones)

How to Calculate
Historical classful network architecture
Class First
Octal
Binary
Range
of first
Octal
Networ
k ID
Host ID Number
of
Networ
ks
Number
Of
Addres
ses
A 0XXXX
XXX
0-127 a b.c.d 27=128 224=16,7
77,214
B 10XXXX
XX
128-191 a.b c.d 214=16,3
84
216=65,5
34
C 110XXX
XX
192-223 a.b.c d 221=2,09
7,152
28=254

IP versions
 IPv4: 32-bit* number: Written in Dotted
Decimal Notation
205.150.58.7
4 billion different host addresses
 IPv6: 128-bit* number: Written in Hex
Decimal Notation
2001:0503:0C27:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
16 billion network addresses

Types of IP Address
 Static address
 Dynamic address

Types of IP Address
 Static IP Address
 Manually input by network administrator
 Manageable for small networks
 Requires careful checks to avoid
duplication

Types of IP Address
 Dynamic IP Address.
 Examples – BOOTP, DHCP.
 Assigned by server when host boots.
 Derived automatically from a range of
addresses.
 Duration of `lease` negotiated, then
address released back to server.

Public and Private IP Address
 A public IP Address will be issued by an
ISP and will have number ranges from 1
to 191 in first octal with the exception of
the private address ranges that starts at
10.0.0 for class A private networks and
172.16.0 for the class B private
addresses.

data and addressing for internet having new

1. IP ADDRESS presentation

2. IP ADDRESSING

3. What is an IP Address?  An IP Address is a 32-bit sequence of 1s and 0s.  A way to identify machines on a network.  A unique identifier.  A numerical label. 101010001111000011101010100111011

4. IP Usage Used to connect to another computer. Allows transfers of files and e-mail.

5. What is an internet protocol?  Protocol used for communicating data.

6. Services provided by IP  Addressing  Fragmentation

7. Part of IP Address  Network Part  Local or Host Part

8. IP Structure  IP Addresses consist of four sections.  Each section is 8 bits long.  Each section can range from 0 to 255.  Written, for example, 128.35.0.72

9. IP Structure  5 classes of IP addresses A B C D and E.  Class A reserved for governments.  Class B reserved for companies.  Class C reserved for companies.  Class D reserved for multicasting.  Class E reserved for future use.

10. IP ranges Class Address Range Supports Class A 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks. Class B 127.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks. Class C 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks. Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast group. Class E 224.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 Reserved for future use, or research and development purposes

11. network Host Host Host Class A 24 Bits Network Network Host Host Class B 16 Bits Network Network Network Host Class C 8 Bits

12. Address Class High-Order Bits First Octal Address Range Number of Bits in the Network Address Number of Networks Number of Hosts per Network Class A 0 0-127 8 126 16,777,216 Class B 10 128-191 16 16,384 65,536 Class C 110 192-223 24 2,097,152 254 Class D 1110 224-255 28 N/A N/A

13. EXAMPLE Network Host 32 Bits Network Network Host Host 8 bits 1 byte 8 bits 1 byte 8 bits 1 byte 8 bits 1 byte 176 10 0 0 Network Address (host bits = all zeros) N N N N 176 10 255 255 Broadcast Address (host bits = all ones)

14. How to Calculate Historical classful network architecture Class First Octal Binary Range of first Octal Networ k ID Host ID Number of Networ ks Number Of Addres ses A 0XXXX XXX 0-127 a b.c.d 27=128 224=16,7 77,214 B 10XXXX XX 128-191 a.b c.d 214=16,3 84 216=65,5 34 C 110XXX XX 192-223 a.b.c d 221=2,09 7,152 28=254

15. IP versions  IPv4: 32-bit* number: Written in Dotted Decimal Notation 205.150.58.7 4 billion different host addresses  IPv6: 128-bit* number: Written in Hex Decimal Notation 2001:0503:0C27:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 16 billion network addresses

16. Types of IP Address  Static address  Dynamic address

17. Types of IP Address  Static IP Address  Manually input by network administrator  Manageable for small networks  Requires careful checks to avoid duplication

18. Types of IP Address  Dynamic IP Address.  Examples – BOOTP, DHCP.  Assigned by server when host boots.  Derived automatically from a range of addresses.  Duration of `lease` negotiated, then address released back to server.

19. Public and Private IP Address  A public IP Address will be issued by an ISP and will have number ranges from 1 to 191 in first octal with the exception of the private address ranges that starts at 10.0.0 for class A private networks and 172.16.0 for the class B private addresses.

20. THANKS FOR YOUR TIME

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