This document discusses data science and real-time bidding. It covers key concepts in data science like data, optimization, prediction, mathematics, statistics, algorithms, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and programming languages. It also discusses big data challenges like storage and processing problems. Real-time bidding is described as a system where demand-side platforms, supply-side platforms, and advertisers interact in real-time auctions. The document outlines the real-time bidding request/response process and inputs like user data, advertiser goals, budgets and directives. It presents the problem of determining optimal advertiser bids to achieve goals while respecting budgets.