Databricks Meetup @ Los Angeles Apache Spark User Group
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This document summarizes a presentation on Apache Spark and Spark Streaming. It provides an overview of Spark, describing it as an in-memory cluster computing framework. It then discusses Spark Streaming, explaining that it runs streaming computations as small batch jobs to provide low latency processing. Several use cases for Spark Streaming are presented, including from companies like Stratio, Pearson, Ooyala, and Sharethrough. The presentation concludes with a demonstration of Python Spark Streaming code.
![Demo: PySpark Streaming Network Word Count
import sys!
from pyspark import SparkContext!
from pyspark.streaming import StreamingContext!
!
sc = SparkContext(appName="PyStreamNWC", master="local[*]")!
ssc = StreamingContext(sc, Seconds(5))!
!
lines = ssc.socketTextStream(sys.argv[1], int(sys.argv[2]))!
!
counts = lines.flatMap(lambda line: line.split(" ")) !
.map(lambda word: (word, 1)) !
.reduceByKey(lambda a, b: a+b)!
!
counts.pprint()!
!
ssc.start()!
ssc.awaitTermination()
34](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lastreaming-141211013356-conversion-gate02/85/Databricks-Meetup-Los-Angeles-Apache-Spark-User-Group-34-320.jpg)
![Demo: PySpark Streaming Network Word Count - Stateful
import sys!
from pyspark import SparkContext!
from pyspark.streaming import StreamingContext!
!
def updateFunc (new_values, last_sum):!
return sum(new_values) + (last_sum or 0)!
!
sc = SparkContext(appName="PyStreamNWC", master="local[*]")!
ssc = StreamingContext(sc, Seconds(5))!
ssc.checkpoint("checkpoint")!
!
lines = ssc.socketTextStream(sys.argv[1], int(sys.argv[2]))!
!
counts = lines.flatMap(lambda line: line.split(" ")) !
.map(lambda word: (word, 1)) !
.updateStateByKey(updateFunc) !
.transform(lambda x: x.sortByKey())!
!
counts.pprint()!
!
ssc.start()!
ssc.awaitTermination()
35](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lastreaming-141211013356-conversion-gate02/85/Databricks-Meetup-Los-Angeles-Apache-Spark-User-Group-35-320.jpg)
Databricks Meetup @ Los Angeles Apache Spark User Group
- 1. Databricks Spark Meetup Los Angeles Apache Spark Users Group 2014-12-11 meetup.com/Los-Angeles-Apache-Spark-Users-Group/events/218748643/ Paco Nathan @pacoid
- 2. Spark, the elevator pitch
- 3. What is Spark? Developed in 2009 at UC Berkeley AMPLab, then open sourced in 2010, Spark has since become one of the largest OSS communities in big data, with over 200 contributors in 50+ organizations spark.apache.org “Organizations that are looking at big data challenges – including collection, ETL, storage, exploration and analytics – should consider Spark for its in-memory performance and the breadth of its model. It supports advanced analytics solutions on Hadoop clusters, including the iterative model required for machine learning and graph analysis.” Gartner, Advanced Analytics and Data Science (2014) 3
- 4. What is Spark? 4
- 5. What is Spark? Spark Core is the general execution engine for the Spark platform that other functionality is built atop: ! • in-memory computing capabilities deliver speed • general execution model supports wide variety of use cases • ease of development – native APIs in Java, Scala, Python (+ SQL, Clojure, R) 5
- 6. What is Spark? WordCount in 3 lines of Spark WordCount in 50+ lines of Java MR 6
- 7. TL;DR: Smashing The Previous Petabyte Sort Record databricks.com/blog/2014/11/05/spark-officially-sets- a-new-record-in-large-scale-sorting.html 7
- 8. Spark is one of the most active Apache projects ohloh.net/orgs/apache 8 TL;DR: Sustained Exponential Growth
- 9. TL;DR: Spark Just Passed Hadoop in Popularity on Web datanami.com/2014/11/21/spark-just-passed-hadoop- popularity-web-heres/ 9 In October Apache Spark (blue line) passed Apache Hadoop (red line) in popularity according to Google Trends
- 10. TL;DR: Spark Expertise Tops Median Salaries within Big Data oreilly.com/data/free/2014-data-science-salary- survey.csp 10
- 11. Why Streaming?
- 12. Why Streaming? Because Machine Data! I <3 Logs Jay Kreps O’Reilly (2014) shop.oreilly.com/product/ 0636920034339.do 12
- 13. Why Streaming? Because Google! MillWheel: Fault-Tolerant Stream Processing at Internet Scale Tyler Akidau, Alex Balikov, Kaya Bekiroglu, Slava Chernyak, Josh Haberman, Reuven Lax, Sam McVeety, Daniel Mills, Paul Nordstrom, Sam Whittle Very Large Data Bases (2013) research.google.com/pubs/ pub41378.html 13
- 14. Why Streaming? Because IoT! kickstarter.com/projects/1614456084/b4rm4n-be- a-cocktail-hero 14
- 15. Why Streaming? Because IoT! (exabytes/day per sensor) bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/g-e-makes-the-machine- and-then-uses-sensors-to-listen-to-it/ 15
- 16. Spark Streaming
- 17. Spark Streaming: Requirements Let’s consider the top-level requirements for a streaming framework: • clusters scalable to 100’s of nodes • low-latency, in the range of seconds (meets 90% of use case needs) • efficient recovery from failures (which is a hard problem in CS) • integrates with batch: many co’s run the same business logic both online+offline 17
- 18. Spark Streaming: Requirements Therefore, run a streaming computation as: a series of very small, deterministic batch jobs ! • Chop up the live stream into batches of X seconds • Spark treats each batch of data as RDDs and processes them using RDD operations • Finally, the processed results of the RDD operations are returned in batches 18
- 19. Spark Streaming: Requirements Therefore, run a streaming computation as: a series of very small, deterministic batch jobs ! • Batch sizes as low as ½ sec, latency of about 1 sec • Potential for combining batch processing and streaming processing in the same system 19
- 20. Spark Streaming: Integration Data can be ingested from many sources: Kafka, Flume, Twitter, ZeroMQ, TCP sockets, etc. Results can be pushed out to filesystems, databases, live dashboards, etc. Spark’s built-in machine learning algorithms and graph processing algorithms can be applied to data streams 20
- 21. Spark Streaming: Timeline 2012 project started 2013 alpha release (Spark 0.7) 2014 graduated (Spark 0.9) Discretized Streams: A Fault-Tolerant Model for Scalable Stream Processing Matei Zaharia, Tathagata Das, Haoyuan Li, Timothy Hunter, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica Berkeley EECS (2012-12-14) www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2012/EECS-2012-259.pdf project lead: Tathagata Das @tathadas 21
- 22. Spark Streaming: Requirements Typical kinds of applications: • datacenter operations • web app funnel metrics • ad optimization • anti-fraud • telecom • video analytics • various telematics and much much more! 22
- 23. Spark Streaming: Some Excellent Resources Programming Guide spark.apache.org/docs/latest/streaming-programming- guide.html TD @ Spark Summit 2014 youtu.be/o-NXwFrNAWQ?list=PLTPXxbhUt- YWGNTaDj6HSjnHMxiTD1HCR “Deep Dive into Spark Streaming” slideshare.net/spark-project/deep-divewithsparkstreaming-tathagatadassparkmeetup20130617 Spark Reference Applications databricks.gitbooks.io/databricks-spark-reference- applications/ 23
- 24. Quiz: name the bits and pieces… import org.apache.spark.streaming._! import org.apache.spark.streaming.StreamingContext._! ! // create a StreamingContext with a SparkConf configuration! val ssc = new StreamingContext(sparkConf, Seconds(10))! ! // create a DStream that will connect to serverIP:serverPort! val lines = ssc.socketTextStream(serverIP, serverPort)! ! // split each line into words! val words = lines.flatMap(_.split(" "))! ! // count each word in each batch! val pairs = words.map(word => (word, 1))! val wordCounts = pairs.reduceByKey(_ + _)! ! // print a few of the counts to the console! wordCounts.print()! ! ssc.start()! ssc.awaitTermination() 24
- 26. Because Use Cases: +40 known production use cases
- 27. Because Use Cases: Stratio Stratio Streaming: a new approach to Spark Streaming David Morales, Oscar Mendez 2014-06-30 spark-summit.org/2014/talk/stratio-streaming- a-new-approach-to-spark-streaming • Stratio Streaming is the union of a real-time messaging bus with a complex event processing engine using Spark Streaming • allows the creation of streams and queries on the fly • paired with Siddhi CEP engine and Apache Kafka • added global features to the engine such as auditing 27 and statistics
- 28. Because Use Cases: Pearson Pearson uses Spark Streaming for next generation adaptive learning platform Dibyendu Bhattacharya 2014-12-08 databricks.com/blog/2014/12/08/pearson-uses- spark-streaming-for-next-generation-adaptive- learning-platform.html • Kafka + Spark + Cassandra + Blur, on AWS on a YARN cluster • single platform/common API was a key reason to replace Storm with Spark Streaming • custom Kafka Consumer for Spark Streaming, using Low Level Kafka Consumer APIs • handles: Kafka node failures, receiver failures, leader changes, committed offset in ZK, tunable data rate throughput 28
- 29. Because Use Cases: Ooyala Productionizing a 24/7 Spark Streaming service on YARN Issac Buenrostro, Arup Malakar 2014-06-30 spark-summit.org/2014/talk/ productionizing-a-247-spark-streaming-service- on-yarn • state-of-the-art ingestion pipeline, processing over two billion video events a day • how do you ensure 24/7 availability and fault tolerance? • what are the best practices for Spark Streaming and its integration with Kafka and YARN? • how do you monitor and instrument the various 29 stages of the pipeline?
- 30. Because Use Cases: Guavus Guavus Embeds Apache Spark into its Operational Intelligence Platform Deployed at the World’s Largest Telcos Eric Carr 2014-09-25 databricks.com/blog/2014/09/25/guavus-embeds-apache-spark-into- its-operational-intelligence-platform-deployed-at-the-worlds- largest-telcos.html • 4 of 5 top mobile network operators, 3 of 5 top Internet backbone providers, 80% MSOs in NorAm • analyzing 50% of US mobile data traffic, +2.5 PB/day • latency is critical for resolving operational issues before they cascade: 2.5 MM transactions per second • “analyze first” not “store first ask questions later” 30
- 31. Because Use Cases: Sharethrough Sharethrough Uses Spark Streaming to Optimize Bidding in Real Time Russell Cardullo, Michael Ruggier 2014-03-25 databricks.com/blog/2014/03/25/ sharethrough-and-spark-streaming.html • the profile of a 24 x 7 streaming app is different than an hourly batch job… • take time to validate output against the input… • confirm that supporting objects are being serialized… • the output of your Spark Streaming job is only as reliable as the queue that feeds Spark… • monoids… 31
- 32. Demos
- 33. Demos, as time permits: Brand new Python support for Streaming in 1.2 github.com/apache/spark/tree/master/examples/src/main/ python/streaming Twitter Streaming Language Classifier databricks.gitbooks.io/databricks-spark-reference-applications/ content/twitter_classifier/README.html 33
- 34. Demo: PySpark Streaming Network Word Count import sys! from pyspark import SparkContext! from pyspark.streaming import StreamingContext! ! sc = SparkContext(appName="PyStreamNWC", master="local[*]")! ssc = StreamingContext(sc, Seconds(5))! ! lines = ssc.socketTextStream(sys.argv[1], int(sys.argv[2]))! ! counts = lines.flatMap(lambda line: line.split(" ")) ! .map(lambda word: (word, 1)) ! .reduceByKey(lambda a, b: a+b)! ! counts.pprint()! ! ssc.start()! ssc.awaitTermination() 34
- 35. Demo: PySpark Streaming Network Word Count - Stateful import sys! from pyspark import SparkContext! from pyspark.streaming import StreamingContext! ! def updateFunc (new_values, last_sum):! return sum(new_values) + (last_sum or 0)! ! sc = SparkContext(appName="PyStreamNWC", master="local[*]")! ssc = StreamingContext(sc, Seconds(5))! ssc.checkpoint("checkpoint")! ! lines = ssc.socketTextStream(sys.argv[1], int(sys.argv[2]))! ! counts = lines.flatMap(lambda line: line.split(" ")) ! .map(lambda word: (word, 1)) ! .updateStateByKey(updateFunc) ! .transform(lambda x: x.sortByKey())! ! counts.pprint()! ! ssc.start()! ssc.awaitTermination() 35
- 37. Spark Integrations: Discover Insights Clean Up Your Data Run Sophisticated Analytics Integrate With Many Other Systems Use Lots of Different Data Sources cloud-based notebooks… ETL… the Hadoop ecosystem… widespread use of PyData… advanced analytics in streaming… rich custom search… web apps for data APIs… low-latency + multi-tenancy… 37
- 38. Spark Integrations: Advanced analytics for streaming use cases Kafka + Spark + Cassandra datastax.com/documentation/datastax_enterprise/4.5/ datastax_enterprise/spark/sparkIntro.html http://helenaedelson.com/?p=991 github.com/datastax/spark-cassandra-connector github.com/dibbhatt/kafka-spark-consumer unified compute data streams columnar key-value 38
- 39. Spark Integrations: Rich search, immediate insights Spark + ElasticSearch databricks.com/blog/2014/06/27/application-spotlight-elasticsearch. html elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/hadoop/current/ spark.html spark-summit.org/2014/talk/streamlining-search-indexing- using-elastic-search-and-spark unified compute document search 39
- 40. Spark Integrations: General Guidelines • use Tachyon as a best practice for sharing between two streaming apps • or write to Cassandra or HBase / then read back • design patterns for integration: spark.apache.org/docs/latest/streaming-programming- guide.html#output-operations- on-dstreams 40
- 41. A Look Ahead…
- 42. A Look Ahead… 1. Greater Stability and Robustness • improved high availability via Write-Ahead Logs + Reliable Receiver • enabled as an optional feature for Spark 1.2 • Spark Standalone can already restart driver (since 1.1) • HA Spark Streaming defined: youtu.be/jcJq3ZalXD8 • excellent discussion of fault-tolerance (2012): cs.duke.edu/~kmoses/cps516/dstream.html 42
- 43. A Look Ahead… 2. Support for more environments, i.e., beyond Hadoop • three use cases currently depend on HDFS • those are being abstracted out • could then use Cassandra, etc. 43
- 44. A Look Ahead… 3. Improved support for Python • KafkaUtils, FlumeUtils, etc., in Python API in 1.3 44
- 45. A Look Ahead… 4. Better flow control • a somewhat longer-term goal, plus it is a hard problem in general • poses interesting challenges beyond what other streaming systems have faced 45
- 46. A Big Picture
- 47. A Big Picture… 19-20c. statistics emphasized defensibility in lieu of predictability, based on analytic variance and goodness-of-fit tests ! That approach inherently led toward a manner of computational thinking based on batch windows ! They missed a subtle point… 47
- 48. A Big Picture… The view in the lens has changed 21c. shift towards modeling based on probabilistic approximations: trade bounded errors for greatly reduced resource costs highlyscalable.wordpress.com/2012/05/01/ probabilistic-structures-web-analytics-data- mining/ 48
- 49. A Big Picture… The view in the lens has changed 21c. shift towards modeling based on probabil approximations: trade bounded errors for greatly reduced resource costs Twitter catch-phrase: “Hash, don’t sample” highlyscalable.wordpress.com/2012/05/01/ probabilistic-structures-web-analytics-data- mining/ 49
- 50. Probabilistic Data Structures: a fascinating and relatively new area, pioneered by relatively few people – e.g., Philippe Flajolet provides approximation, with error bounds – in general uses significantly less resources (RAM, CPU, etc.) many algorithms can be constructed from combinations of read and write monoids aggregate different ranges by composing hashes, instead of repeating full-queries 50
- 51. Probabilistic Data Structures: Some Examples algorithm use case example Count-Min Sketch frequency summaries code HyperLogLog set cardinality code Bloom Filter set membership MinHash set similarity DSQ streaming quantiles SkipList ordered sequence search 51
- 52. Probabilistic Data Structures: Some Examples algorithm use case example Count-Min Sketch frequency summaries code HyperLogLog set cardinality code suggestion: consider these as your most quintessential collections data types at scale Bloom Filter set membership MinHash set similarity DSQ streaming quantiles SkipList ordered sequence search 52
- 53. Add ALL the Things: Abstract Algebra Meets Analytics infoq.com/presentations/abstract-algebra-analytics Avi Bryant, Strange Loop (2013) • grouping doesn’t matter (associativity) • ordering doesn’t matter (commutativity) • zeros get ignored In other words, while partitioning data at scale is quite difficult, you can let the math allow your code to be flexible at scale Avi Bryant @avibryant Probabilistic Data Structures: Performance Bottlenecks 53
- 54. Probabilistic Data Structures: Industry Drivers • sketch algorithms: trade bounded errors for orders of magnitude less required resources, e.g., fit more complex apps in memory • multicore + large memory spaces (off heap) are increasing the resources per node in a cluster • containers allow for finer-grain allocation of cluster resources and multi-tenancy • monoids, etc.: guarantees of associativity within the code allow for more effective distributed computing, e.g., partial aggregates • less resources must be spent sorting/windowing data prior to working with a data set • real-time apps, which don’t have the luxury of anticipating data partitions, can respond quickly 54
- 55. Probabilistic Data Structures: Recommended Reading Probabilistic Data Structures for Web Analytics and Data Mining Ilya Katsov (2012-05-01) A collection of links for streaming algorithms and data structures Debasish Ghosh Aggregate Knowledge blog (now Neustar) Timon Karnezos, Matt Curcio, et al. Probabilistic Data Structures and Breaking Down Big Sequence Data C. Titus Brown, O'Reilly (2010-11-10) Algebird Avi Bryant, Oscar Boykin, et al. Twitter (2012) Mining of Massive Datasets Jure Leskovec, Anand Rajaraman, Jeff Ullman, Cambridge (2011) 55
- 56. Resources
- 57. cloud-based notebooks: databricks.com/blog/2014/07/14/databricks-cloud-making- big-data-easy.html youtube.com/watch?v=dJQ5lV5Tldw#t=883
- 58. certification: Apache Spark developer certificate program • http://oreilly.com/go/sparkcert • defined by Spark experts @Databricks • assessed by O’Reilly Media • establishes the bar for Spark expertise
- 59. MOOCs: Anthony Joseph UC Berkeley begins 2015-02-23 edx.org/course/uc-berkeleyx/uc-berkeleyx- cs100-1x-introduction- big-6181 Ameet Talwalkar UCLA begins 2015-04-14 edx.org/course/uc-berkeleyx/ uc-berkeleyx-cs190-1x-scalable- machine-6066
- 60. community: spark.apache.org/community.html events worldwide: goo.gl/2YqJZK ! video+preso archives: spark-summit.org resources: databricks.com/spark-training-resources workshops: databricks.com/spark-training
- 62. confs: Data Day Texas Austin, Jan 10 datadaytexas.com Strata CA San Jose, Feb 18-20 strataconf.com/strata2015 Spark Summit East NYC, Mar 18-19 spark-summit.org/east Strata EU London, May 5-7 strataconf.com/big-data-conference-uk-2015 Spark Summit 2015 SF, Jun 15-17 spark-summit.org
- 63. books: Fast Data Processing with Spark Holden Karau Packt (2013) shop.oreilly.com/product/ 9781782167068.do Spark in Action Chris Fregly Manning (2015*) sparkinaction.com/ Learning Spark Holden Karau, Andy Konwinski, Matei Zaharia O’Reilly (2015*) shop.oreilly.com/product/ 0636920028512.do