![DCAD Diet Calculations.
Diet 1 (+) Diet 2(-)
Ca% 0.63 0.69
P% 0.35 0.24
Na% 0.53 0.16
K% 1.22 1.22
Cl% 0.42 0.57
S% 0.15 0.56
DCAD (Meq/100 g Diet DM):
[(%Na/0.023) + (%K/0.039)] - [(%Cl/0.0355) + (%S/0.016)]
[(0.53/0.023) + (1.22/0.039)] - [(0.42/0.0355) + (0.15/0.016)]
[(23.0) + (31.3)] - [(11.8) + (9.4)]
[(54.3)] - [(21.2)]
DCAD +33.1
Milk Fever
47.4%
-12.8
0%](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/group5dcaddiet-200511152152/85/DCAD-Dietary-Cation-Anion-Difference-14-320.jpg)
DCAD (Dietary Cation Anion Difference)
- 2. DCAD Diet/Ration Formulation PRESENTED TO: DR MUHAMMAD FAROOQ IQBAL PRESENTED BY: MR. MUHAMMAD HANNAN (DVM 5TH)(PMAS-AAUR)
- 3. Contents……. What is DCAD Diet? What is Positive DCAD Diet? What is Negative DCAD Diet? What is the purpose of DCAD Diet? DECAD Equation. Normal Values of +ive & -ve DCAD diet. DCAD Diet Calculations. Effectiveness of DCAD. What are the Benefits of DCAD Diet?
- 4. What is DCAD Diet? Dietary Cation Anion difference is an index of the relative balance between principle cation (k&Na) and principle anion (Cl & S) in cow’s diet. It is based on strong ion difference theory and the effects 0n the body of dietary concentration of major physiological cation and anion. Expression; It is expressed in mEq per kg of dry matter or in some cases mEq per 100g of dry matter.
- 5. Most commonly used equation for DCAD diet is; DCAD4 = (Na +K) –(cl +S) Basically these ions have prime importance in diet so mentioned in equation.
- 6. Dry cow Na, K, S, and Cl 2001 NRC requirements and the calculated DCAD are below. meq/100 grams = 4 + 13 = +17 Total anion meq/100 grams = 13 + 4 = -17 Cation-anion difference = 17 – 17 = 0 Require ment Constant mEq Na 0.1% 0.023 = +4 K 0.52% 0.039 = +13 S 0.20% 0.016 = -13 Cl 0.15% 0.0335 = -4
- 7. What is positive DCAD Diet? Mostly given just after parturition/Early Lactation to increase DM intake and to elevate stress condition. This type of diet is basically used in animals which are given with less amount of Ca and P as compared to their requirement. For example after parturition/Early lactation If the normal requirement of Ca in the animal is 1.2% and P is 0.8% and we are giving them 0.8% Ca and 0.4% P ,which is far less than their requirement. In this case we have to give the Positive DCAD Diet.
- 8. Continue…… In case we are offering feed to animals which does not meet the nutritional requirement of the animal. Mean feed is deficient in the essential macro minerals like Ca and P. We must have to provide the Positive DCAD Diet.
- 9. Consequences if Positive DCAD not given after parturition……… It may Result In Milk Fever. Decreased Milk Production. Stress to Animal. Bones and Muscles Weakness. Difficulty to stand and never stand again until Ca is not given by IV route. Post-Partum Hemoglobunuria/Red water Disease
- 10. Negative DCAD Diet… It is mostly given in the transition period in the 3rd Trimester. Most Probably from Last 15 or last 21 days. This type of diet is given in the animals who are given more Macro minerals (Ca & P) than their normal requirement. Or in case we are offering feed to the animals containing more Amount of Ca and P we have to give the –ive DCAD diet. It is because the feed producing companies produce wanda/feed with fixed amount of CP, ME, Ca, and P but the requirement of the animal fluctuate during different trimesters of the pregnancy.
- 11. Why we Give Mostly –ive DCAD Diet.?
- 12. DCAD Equation…. DCAD = meq (Na +K) – (Cl+S)/ 100g DM To calculate DACD the expression is:
- 13. Normal Values of +ive & -ve DCAD diet. Positive DCAD Diet values should be: (+25)----(+35) meq/100gDM Negative DCAD Diet values Should be: (-10)----(-15) meq/100gDM
- 14. DCAD Diet Calculations. Diet 1 (+) Diet 2(-) Ca% 0.63 0.69 P% 0.35 0.24 Na% 0.53 0.16 K% 1.22 1.22 Cl% 0.42 0.57 S% 0.15 0.56 DCAD (Meq/100 g Diet DM): [(%Na/0.023) + (%K/0.039)] - [(%Cl/0.0355) + (%S/0.016)] [(0.53/0.023) + (1.22/0.039)] - [(0.42/0.0355) + (0.15/0.016)] [(23.0) + (31.3)] - [(11.8) + (9.4)] [(54.3)] - [(21.2)] DCAD +33.1 Milk Fever 47.4% -12.8 0%
- 15. Effectiveness of DCAD. Urine PH as an indicator for effective DCAD. With a DCAD of -5 to -10 meq/100 grams of dietary DM, urine pH of 6.0 to 6.7 indicates that anion supplementation is effective. Urine pH of less than 6.0 indicates it is not necessary to feed so much anion source. Urine pH of dairy cows fed typical rations without anion supplementation (DCAD of +20 meq or greater) is between 7.8 and 8.2, a normal value for ruminants.
- 16. What are the Benefits of DCAD Diet? It prevents from metabolic Diseases Milk Fever (Ca <5 mg/100 ml blood) Red Water Disease