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Dean r berry pro and con e cigs
- 1. The Use ofE-Cigarettes: Analyzing Author’s Arguments Pro and Con Arguments Hi Lexile Level Text
- 2. •Free PowerPoint Versionat •Slideshare.com •Type PPT title or dean r berry
- 3. Pro and ConArguments High Level of Text Complexity A Common Core Curriculum Lesson High School Level By Dean Berry, Ed. D. Gregg Berry, B. A.
- 4. Using Your ReadingSkills for Deeper Levels of Comprehension Let’s take a look at some strategies that may help us read and understand the meaning and reliability of different kinds of informational sources.
- 5. Are the ArgumentsValid? • Closer reading means that we are examining exactly what the text says as well as how the author communicates his/her ideas. • When reading argumentative text, our primary concern is to determine the validity of arguments and whether or not they are adequately supported by evidence.
- 6. The evidence mustbe in the text!
- 7. Should We BelieveWhat the Author Says? Once we know that the author’s purpose is to persuade us that his/her ideas are correct, we need to examine the author’s claims and supporting arguments. This requires the careful evaluation of the quality of the facts and examples that are directly related to each argument and claim.
- 9. Effective close readingrequires that we ask well thought out text dependent questions. Smart Readers Ask the Right Questions!
- 10. Think about thisquestion. 1. What is the author’s purpose in writing this selection? How do you know?
- 11. Think about thisquestion. •2. What is the message or main point that the author is trying to present in the text? What in the text led you to that conclusion?
- 12. Think about thisquestion. 3. Do you have any reason to question the reliability of the author’s supporting evidence? Explain why you believe that the evidence presented by the author is weak or strong?
- 13. The Dirty truthAbout E-cigs 3 min • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiUXXx6kPbk
- 14. Why You ShouldStop Vaping 3 min • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6a0eFtMw-o
- 15. Harmful Side Effectof Vaping 7 min Great Information • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5_pGf7D39E
- 16. As we readthe following article, we will attempt to identify and explain the following. 1. Identify powerful words that evoke feelings or images and discuss how they are used to forward the author’s purpose. 2. Discuss how the author uses special words or phrases to set a tone or convey an attitude. What tone is being set? List several specific examples from the text. 3. Has the author used any words, phrases, or sentence structures to create a particular effect or convey a meaning? Explain and give examples from the text.
- 17. •PRO: The FDAshould do its job; 16 million U.S. kids are inhaling dangerous substances. • In 2014, the Oxford English Dictionary’s (OED) word of the year was “vape.” The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should take a hint from the OED and write its own definition of e-cigarettes — a definition that will treat them as a tobacco product.
- 18. • Congress createdthe FDA in 1906 amid concern over the quality and purity of America’s food and drug supply, which was awash in toxic dyes and preservatives, and shaped by the outrageous claims of the era’s “patent medicines.” • The agency’s creation reflected a belief that consumers could not, on their own, always make determinations about product safety, reliability, and health.
- 19. • In short,the FDA was made to regulate products just like e-cigarettes. • E-cigarettes have created a market that abounds in unproven health claims; a market in which more than 16 million children can legally buy e-cigs and administer unspecified amounts of nicotine to themselves; a market in which the accidental ingestion of liquid nicotine has caused a huge uptick in the number of cases reported to local poison control centers — including the death of a toddler in upstate New York two months ago.
- 20. • And itis a market that is booming. Last year, analysts at Wells Fargo estimated the overall value of the e- cigarette market at $2.5 billion and predicted growth to $10 billion annually by 2017. • Market growth can be attributed in part to aggressive marketing, and in part to high adoption rates among high school students attracted to the variety of e-cig flavors, including cotton candy, gummy bear and root beer float. • The FDA is the only agency that can regulate — not ban — this nicotine-fueled juggernaut. The FDA should prohibit sales and marketing to kids, make sure that health claims made by e-cig companies are true, and require companies to add ingredient lists to e-cig juice.
- 21. • This “juice”— a misleadingly benign euphemism for a flavored nicotine solution — is heated through a battery-powered cylinder, which can look like a cigarette, a pen or a kazoo. • The devices vaporize a flavored nicotine solution that users then inhale and exhale. Users inhale this flavored vapor and not combusted tobacco, which means e-cigs are safer relative to cigarettes.
- 22. But, then again,cigarettes are, in the words of historian Robert Proctor, the deadliest invention in human history, killing 6 million people per year. And herein lies the potential virtue of the e- cigarette: it could be a powerful tool for saving millions of lives if smokers switched from puffing to vaping to, ideally, nothing. As a cessation tool, e- cigarettes could have the same relationship to cigarettes as methadone does to heroin.
- 23. The problem isthat the safety and health claims of e-cigarettes have not been proven. Particularly in the online vaping community, anecdotes abound testifying to the e-cig’s utility in helping folks kick the habit. But in the words of Mitch Zeller, head of the FDA’s Tobacco Products Division, “FDA can’t make regulatory policy on the basis of anecdotal evidence.” Preliminary evidence from a major longitudinal cohort study should give regulators pause. Initial findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health indicate high levels of “dual use” of tobacco products, meaning that smokers frequently use both e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes.
- 24. These findings areconsistent with other studies that have found that contrary to being cessation aids, e-cigarettes may actually make it harder for smokers to quit. Nevertheless, e-cigarettes are frequently advertised as proven tools of public health. Researchers at the University of California-San Francisco found that 95 percent of e-cig websites made “explicit or implicit health-related claims,” and 64 percent made claims directly-related to smoking cessation.
- 25. This is falseadvertising. Nicotine is addictive and it is a poison — two facts that the FDA should make explicit by requiring warning labels on e-cigarette devices and vials of e-juices. Dermal contact with even small quantities of liquid nicotine can cause dizziness, vomiting and seizures. Ingestion can be deadly. A world in which a dangerous product is marketed and sold as a healthy one is exactly what the FDA exists to prevent. E-cigarettes are not snake oil. But gummy bear, cotton candy and sour apple shouldn’t make them go down any easier.
- 26. • ABOUT THEWRITER: Sarah Milov is an assistant professor of history at the University of Virginia. She currently is writing a book about tobacco in the 20th century. Readers may write her at 435 Nau Hall South Lawn, Charlottesville, VA 22904. • This essay is available to Tribune News Service subscribers. Tribune did not subsidize the writing of this column; the opinions are those of the writer and do not necessarily represent the views of Tribune or its editors.
- 27. Verbalize Your Summary Usingseveral sentences, turn to another student and tell them the main point of the article.
- 28. Let’s Talk •How mightyou summarize the article you just read? •What was the author’s main point in writing the article?
- 29. Quick Write How mightyou summarize the article you just read? Use a couple of sentences to write a summary of the article.
- 30. • PRO/CON: Shouldthe FDA Butt-in and Regulate E-Cigs as a Tobacco Product? • By Sarah Milov and Amy Ridenour, Tribune News Service • • 03.30.15 •
- 31. CON: If BureaucraticButtinskies Back Off, E-Cigs Can Help Smokers Quit On Jan. 11, 1964, the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health released its very first report on tobacco smoking.
- 32. Based on scientificevidence consisting of over 7,000 articles relating to smoking and disease, the report cited tobacco smoking as a major cause of lung and laryngeal cancer and chronic bronchitis.
- 33. The report launcheda “war on smoking” that soon required health warnings on cigarette packages and bans on broadcast cigarette commercials, and by recent years had led to bans on smoking in certain areas, with numerous laws and regulations in between. Over this half-century of cigarette regulation, two facts have been impressed upon the nation: 1) smoking tobacco kills people; 2) once a person is addicted to smoking cigarettes, or, rather, to the nicotine one ingests by smoking cigarettes, it is very hard for a person to quit.
- 34. So when aninvention came along — e-cigarettes — that supply nicotine in much the same way as a tobacco cigarette, but without any apparent link to cancer or lung disease, there were many cheers. Finally there was a product that could help those who were addicted and for whom the available anti-smoking aids had not been of sufficient help. Lives could be saved. People could replace their tobacco cigarettes with e-cigarettes; switch out smoke and carcinogens with water vapor and the horrible smell with no smell at all — or the light scent of a chosen flavor, such as mint or strawberry.
- 35. Lives could besaved. One would expect the response of the public health community to be a near-universal “hurrah” — and in some quarters, it has been. But for those who appear to be addicted to regulation, and not to public health, e-cigarettes provide an unwelcome challenge. How do they go about banning access to a product that saves lives? And what do they say when people, quite reasonably, ask, “Why do you want to?”
- 36. • For manyof these regulators, the answer is as “what if.” “What if” vaping — inhaling water vapor through an e- cigarette — turns out to be harmful? “What if” people who vape decide to start smoking, because they first vaped? • It is on the basis of these “what ifs” — however unlikely — that some support bans on the sale of e-cigarettes, or grossly high taxes on e-cigarettes, or outright bans on the use of e-cigarettes in public. • But such policies mean nicotine addicts will be less likely to use e-cigarettes, and relatively more likely to keep smoking tobacco. The obvious and predictable result is relatively more tobacco smoking and thus, more illness and death.
- 37. The director ofthe FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products, Mitch Zeller, made the key point clear in an interview with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s New Public Health: “People are smoking for the nicotine, but dying from the tar.” He says e-cigarette regulation should take into account the “continuum of risk: that there are different nicotine-containing and nicotine-delivering products that pose different levels of risk to the individual,” and regulate accordingly.
- 38. Which means Americashould not treat e-cigarettes and vaping just like tobacco smoking and smoking, because smoking is far more dangerous than vaping. In fact, because vaping can cause people to voluntarily stop smoking, a carefully crafted regulatory policy that steers Americans from smoking toward vaping as a replacement provides “an extraordinary public health opportunity.”
- 39. Zeller makes alot of sense. By contrast, regulation zealots, such as those in Michigan who in January lobbied against a state-level bill banning the sale of e-cigarettes to minors because it did not treat e- cigarettes the same as the far, far more dangerous tobacco cigarettes, are an enemy of public health. Smoking kills. Vaping is a safer alternative, and our nation’s regulatory policy will save lives if it reflects this fact.
- 40. ABOUT THE WRITER:Amy Ridenour is chairman of the National Center for Public Policy Research in Washington, DC. (www.nationalcenter.org), a conservative think-tank on Capitol Hill. She can be reached at 501 Capitol Court NE, Washington, DC 20002 or by email at [email protected]. , a conservative think tank on Capitol Hill. She can be reached at 501 Capitol Court NE, Washington, DC 20002 or by email at [email protected]. This essay is available to Tribune News Service subscribers. Tribune did not subsidize the writing of this column; the opinions are those of the writer and do not necessarily represent the views of Tribune or its editors. Reread This Article
- 41. Think about thisquestion. 1. What is the author’s purpose in writing this selection? How do you know? Read This Article Again
- 42. Prepare to Writean Argumentative Essay As you read this article again, take careful notes on the main points. You will be writing an essay that presents both the pro and con positions on the use of E-cigarettes.
- 43. •PRO: The FDAshould do its job; 16 million U.S. kids are inhaling dangerous substances. • In 2014, the Oxford English Dictionary’s (OED) word of the year was “vape.” The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should take a hint from the OED and write its own definition of e-cigarettes — a definition that will treat them as a tobacco product.
- 44. • Congress createdthe FDA in 1906 amid concern over the quality and purity of America’s food and drug supply, which was awash in toxic dyes and preservatives, and shaped by the outrageous claims of the era’s “patent medicines.” • The agency’s creation reflected a belief that consumers could not, on their own, always make determinations about product safety, reliability, and health.
- 45. • In short,the FDA was made to regulate products just like e-cigarettes. • E-cigarettes have created a market that abounds in unproven health claims; a market in which more than 16 million children can legally buy e-cigs and administer unspecified amounts of nicotine to themselves; a market in which the accidental ingestion of liquid nicotine has caused a huge uptick in the number of cases reported to local poison control centers — including the death of a toddler in upstate New York two months ago.
- 46. • And itis a market that is booming. Last year, analysts at Wells Fargo estimated the overall value of the e- cigarette market at $2.5 billion and predicted growth to $10 billion annually by 2017. • Market growth can be attributed in part to aggressive marketing, and in part to high adoption rates among high school students attracted to the variety of e-cig flavors, including cotton candy, gummy bear and root beer float. • The FDA is the only agency that can regulate — not ban — this nicotine-fueled juggernaut. The FDA should prohibit sales and marketing to kids, make sure that health claims made by e-cig companies are true, and require companies to add ingredient lists to e-cig juice.
- 47. Discuss What is theauthor’s Purpose?
- 48. Discuss and Write Asyou read this article, write several examples from the text of words or phrases that add extra power and emotion to the author’s argument. • Select powerful words that evoke feelings or images and discuss how they are used to forward the author’s purpose. On your own paper, give a few examples of the special words the author uses to evoke feelings and sway the reader. Explain why you think the author chose each of these words.
- 49. • This “juice”— a misleadingly benign euphemism for a flavored nicotine solution — is heated through a battery-powered cylinder, which can look like a cigarette, a pen or a kazoo. • The devices vaporize a flavored nicotine solution that users then inhale and exhale. Users inhale this flavored vapor and not combusted tobacco, which means e-cigs are safer relative to cigarettes.
- 50. But, then again,cigarettes are, in the words of historian Robert Proctor, the deadliest invention in human history, killing 6 million people per year. And herein lies the potential virtue of the e- cigarette: it could be a powerful tool for saving millions of lives if smokers switched from puffing to vaping to, ideally, nothing. As a cessation tool, e- cigarettes could have the same relationship to cigarettes as methadone does to heroin.
- 51. These findings areconsistent with other studies that have found that contrary to being cessation aids, e-cigarettes may actually make it harder for smokers to quit. Nevertheless, e-cigarettes are frequently advertised as proven tools of public health. Researchers at the University of California-San Francisco found that 95 percent of e-cig websites made “explicit or implicit health-related claims,” and 64 percent made claims directly-related to smoking cessation.
- 52. The problem isthat the safety and health claims of e-cigarettes have not been proven. Particularly in the online vaping community, anecdotes abound testifying to the e-cig’s utility in helping folks kick the habit. But in the words of Mitch Zeller, head of the FDA’s Tobacco Products Division, “FDA can’t make regulatory policy on the basis of anecdotal evidence.” Preliminary evidence from a major longitudinal cohort study should give regulators pause. Initial findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health indicate high levels of “dual use” of tobacco products, meaning that smokers frequently use both e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes.
- 53. This is falseadvertising. Nicotine is addictive and it is a poison — two facts that the FDA should make explicit by requiring warning labels on e-cigarette devices and vials of e-juices. Dermal contact with even small quantities of liquid nicotine can cause dizziness, vomiting and seizures. Ingestion can be deadly. A world in which a dangerous product is marketed and sold as a healthy one is exactly what the FDA exists to prevent. E-cigarettes are not snake oil. But gummy bear, cotton candy and sour apple shouldn’t make them go down any easier.
- 54. • This isfalse advertising. Nicotine is addictive and it is a poison — two facts that the FDA should make explicit by requiring warning labels on e-cigarette devices and vials of e-juices. Dermal contact with even small quantities of liquid nicotine can cause dizziness, vomiting and seizures. Ingestion can be deadly. • A world in which a dangerous product is marketed and sold as a healthy one is exactly what the FDA exists to prevent. • E-cigarettes are not snake oil. But gummy bear, cotton candy and sour apple shouldn’t make them go down any easier.
- 55. • These findingsare consistent with other studies that have found that contrary to being cessation aids, e-cigarettes may actually make it harder for smokers to quit. • Nevertheless, e-cigarettes are frequently advertised as proven tools of public health. Researchers at the University of California-San Francisco found that 95 percent of e-cig websites made “explicit or implicit health-related claims,” and 64 percent made claims directly-related to smoking cessation.
- 56. • PRO/CON: Shouldthe FDA Butt in and Regulate E-Cigs as a Tobacco Product? • By Sarah Milov and Amy Ridenour, Tribune News Service • • 03.30.15 •
- 57. • CON: IfBureaucratic Buttinskies Back Off, E-Cigs Can Help Smokers Quit • On Jan. 11, 1964, the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health released its very first report on tobacco smoking. • Based on scientific evidence consisting of over 7,000 articles relating to smoking and disease, the report cited tobacco smoking as a major cause of lung and laryngeal cancer and chronic bronchitis.
- 58. • The reportlaunched a “war on smoking” that soon required health warnings on cigarette packages and bans on broadcast cigarette commercials, and by recent years had led to bans on smoking in certain areas, with numerous laws and regulations in between. • Over this half-century of cigarette regulation, two facts have been impressed upon the nation: 1) smoking tobacco kills people; 2) once a person is addicted to smoking cigarettes, or, rather, to the nicotine one ingests by smoking cigarettes, it is very hard for a person to quit.
- 59. • So whenan invention came along — e-cigarettes — that supply nicotine in much the same way as a tobacco cigarette, but without any apparent link to cancer or lung disease, there were many cheers. • Finally there was a product that could help those who were addicted and for whom the available anti-smoking aids had not been of sufficient help. • Lives could be saved. People could replace their tobacco cigarettes with e-cigarettes; switch out smoke and carcinogens with water vapor and the horrible smell with no smell at all — or the light scent of a chosen flavor, such as mint or strawberry.
- 60. • Lives couldbe saved. • One would expect the response of the public health community to be a near-universal “hurrah” — and in some quarters, it has been. • But for those who appear to be addicted to regulation, and not to public health, e-cigarettes provide an unwelcome challenge. • How do they go about banning access to a product that saves lives? And what do they say when people, quite reasonably, ask, “Why do you want to?”
- 61. • For manyof these regulators, the answer is as “what if.” “What if” vaping — inhaling water vapor through an e- cigarette — turns out to be harmful? “What if” people who vape decide to start smoking, because they first vaped? • It is on the basis of these “what ifs” — however unlikely — that some support bans on the sale of e-cigarettes, or grossly high taxes on e-cigarettes, or outright bans on the use of e-cigarettes in public. • But such policies mean nicotine addicts will be less likely to use e-cigarettes, and relatively more likely to keep smoking tobacco. The obvious and predictable result is relatively more tobacco smoking and thus, more illness and death.
- 62. Discuss • Which wordsor phrases did the author use to add intensity and power to the argument? • Give some examples and explain why you think the author chose these words.
- 63. • The directorof the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products, Mitch Zeller, made the key point clear in an interview with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s New Public Health: “People are smoking for the nicotine, but dying from the tar.” • He says e-cigarette regulation should take into account the “continuum of risk: that there are different nicotine-containing and nicotine-delivering products that pose different levels of risk to the individual,” and regulate accordingly.
- 64. • Which meansAmerica should not treat e-cigarettes and vaping just like tobacco smoking and smoking, because smoking is far more dangerous than vaping. • In fact, because vaping can cause people to voluntarily stop smoking, a carefully crafted regulatory policy that steers Americans from smoking toward vaping as a replacement provides “an extraordinary public health opportunity.”
- 65. Think about thisquestion. •2. What is the message or main point that the author is trying to present in the text? What in the text led you to that conclusion?
- 66. • Zeller makesa lot of sense. By contrast, regulation zealots, such as those in Michigan who in January lobbied against a state-level bill banning the sale of e-cigarettes to minors because it did not treat e- cigarettes the same as the far, far more dangerous tobacco cigarettes, are an enemy of public health. • Smoking kills. Vaping is a safer alternative, and our nation’s regulatory policy will save lives if it reflects this fact.
- 67. Think about thisquestion. 3. Do you have any reason to question the reliability of the author’s supporting evidence? Explain why you believe that the evidence presented by the author is weak or strong?
- 68. Evaluating Pro andCon Arguments for an Issue Prepare to Write an Argumentative Essay
- 69. Converse with YourPeers Meet in small groups to discuss the pros and cons of this issue and take a group position on the problem. Select a group chairperson to lead the group and report back to the class. Discuss the following essential Questions.
- 70. Questions to Guideour Exploration Discuss the Following Issues • 1. What does the research data say about the issue? • 2. How do you know the research is reliable? • 3. Are the arguments supported by logical reasoning? • 4. Is each argument supported by specific facts and examples? • 5. Which side of the issue is supported by a preponderance of the evidence?
- 71. Research and Statistics •Compare the research and statistics for both the pro and con positions • Discuss which position presents the strongest research and most reliable sources
- 72. Are E-cigarettes safe? Let’sThink About the Issue • Are E-cigarettes less dangerous to health than regular cigarettes? • Will E-cigarettes help a significant number of people quit smoking and using nicotine? • Will E-cigarettes introduce large numbers of teens to using nicotine?
- 73. Continue Your GroupDeliberations • Have group members use their notes to discuss and analyze each major argument and supporting evidence. • Each group member should take the leadership and lead the discussion on one or more of the pro and con arguments.
- 74. Weigh the Evidence Haveyour group create a plus and minus chart. Place the best, most logical arguments for the pro position on one side and the best arguments against the pro position on the other side. Use this process to help your group reach a decision.
- 75. Report Back tothe Class Present your findings to the class. Which side of the issue does your group support? Why?
- 76. Write an Essay Organizeyour ideas and prepare to write an essay about the pros and cons of using e- Cigarettes. Evaluate the arguments and evidence on both sides of the issue. Weigh the pros and cons and decide which position is supported by the most persuasive evidence.
- 77. Develop a WritingPlan •Determine what your main point will be, and write a topic sentence that provides focus for your essay. •Choose several main ideas that support your topic sentence. •Sort your information into supporting details with facts and examples. •Be sure to address both the pro and con positions 77
- 78. Use the following essayformat to write your paper. 78
- 79. 79 Essay Outline Introduction What is mytopic sentence? Body-Main Ideas With supporting details Conclusion How can I summarize my paragraph? How can I rephrase my topic sentence?
- 80.
- 81. Begin Your EssayWith a Carefully Crafted Introduction
- 82. Get the Reader’sAttention and State Your Thesis
- 83. The Key Elementsof a Strong Introduction
- 84. Check Out ThisSample Introduction
- 85. Details Must Support theMain Ideas Provide specific facts, examples, and reasons for each main idea in the body of your essay
- 86. Create an Outline TopicSentence___________________________________ _______________________________________________ A. Main Idea_____________________________________ _______________________________________________ Details/Evidence__________________________________ _______________________________________________ Details/Evidence__________________________________ _______________________________________________ B. Main Idea_____________________________________ _______________________________________________ Details/Evidence__________________________________ ________________________________________________ 86
- 87. Prepare to Write •Useyour outline and write an essay on your topic. •As you write your rough draft, it will be very important to use special words that enable you to transition smoothly from one idea to the next. 87
- 88. Transition Words As youview these words, select the words that help you make transitions smoothly from one idea to the next. • as a result • such as • for example • nevertheless • for that reason • finally • at this time • therefore • furthermore • in addition • in conclusion • as well as 88
- 89. Conclusion Write a conclusion foryour essay reviewing your main points and discussing why this issue is so important for our future.
- 90. Write a StrongConclusion for Your Essay
- 91. What does agood conclusion do?
- 92. Let’s Review aGood Conclusion
- 93. Review, Edit, andRewrite 1. Re-read your essay several times. 2. How can you improve your sentences to communicate more clearly? 3. Are your main ideas supported by examples and details? 4. Exchange papers with another student and read each other’s essay out loud. 5. Make final corrections and write the final draft of your polished essay. 93
- 94. Use Technology toHelp You Edit Go the website www.paperrater.com, and you will be able copy and paste your rough draft onto an open field and click on a button to have your essay analyzed for word choice, grammar, style, and other writing skills. Re-write your essay and make the recommended improvements. This is a free site that is very easy to use.