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Death and dying
This document discusses cardiac nursing and death and dying. It begins with objectives related to assessing signs of death, beliefs about death at different ages, helping dying patients meet needs, and legal implications. It defines death and lists physiologic signs. It describes beliefs about death at different ages. It discusses meeting patients' physical, spiritual, emotional needs and caring for the body after death. It lists changes that occur after death like rigor mortis, algor mortis, and livor mortis. It emphasizes providing comfort and respecting patient needs and beliefs during end of life.
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Introduction to cardiac nursing and the theme of death presented in the slides.
Defining death and the physiological signs associated with it including cessation of vital functions.
Key physiologic signs of death highlighted, including loss of muscle tone and absence of reflexes.
Beliefs and attitudes towards death vary by age groups, from childhood to older adulthood.
Addressing the physiologic needs of dying patients through hygiene, pain control, and support.
Providing spiritual support by respecting beliefs and providing empathy and community resources.
Importance of compassion, responsiveness, and emotional presence when supporting dying patients.
Describing rigor mortis, algor mortis, and livor mortis as key changes occurring after death.
Legalities surrounding death, including certification and possible need for autopsy.
Procedures and considerations for caring for a deceased body, including positioning and hygiene.
Philosophical reflections on the cycles of life and death, emphasizing various phases of existence.
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Death and dying
- 1. QAISAR IQBALQAISAR IQBAL SHIFACOLLEGE OF NURSINGSHIFA COLLEGE OF NURSING CARDIAC NURSINGCARDIAC NURSING
- 2. Death and dyingDeathand dying
- 3. objectivesobjectives 1. Assess thephysiologic signs of death. 2. Identify beliefs and attitude about death in relation to age. 3. Discuss the various ways of helping the dying patient meet his/her physiological, spiritual and emotional needs. 4. Discuss care of the body after death. 5. Discuss the legal implications of death. 6. Describe how a nurse meets a dying patient s, need of comfort. 7. Describe the important factors in caring for the body after death. 8. List changes that occur in the body after death.
- 4. Definition of deathDefinitionof death The end of life of an organism or cell, in human and animals OR Death is manifested by the permanent cessation of vital organic functions (including heart beat, spontaneous breathing and brain activity)
- 5. Physiologic signs ofdeathPhysiologic signs of death The four main characteristic changes are ; Loss of muscle tone Slowing of the circulation Changes in the vital signs Sensory impairment.
- 6. The followingguidelines for physicians as indications of death. 1. Total lack of response to external stimuli 2. No musscular movement(esp breathing) 3. No reflexes 4. Flat encephalogram.
- 7. Beliefs and attitudesabout death inBeliefs and attitudes about death in relation to agerelation to age Infancy to 5 years; Does not understand concept of death,belives death is reversible, temporary departure or sleep. 5 to 9 years; Understand death is final, believes own death can be avoided, believes wishes and unrelelated actions can be responsible for death. 9 to 12 years; Begin to understand own mortality, expressed in after life and fear of death.
- 8. 12 to 18years; May still hold concept from previous developmental stages, may seem to reach “adult’’ perception of death but be emotionally unable to accept it. 18 to 45 years; Has attitude towards death influenced by religious and cultural beliefs. 45 to 65 years; Accepts own mortality. encounters death of parents and some peers experiences.
- 9. 65 years +; Fearsprolonged illness, sees death as having multiple meanings,(eg,freedom from pain, reunion with already deceased family member.
- 10. Meeting physiologic needsof the dying patient. providing personal hygiene measures Controlling pain Relieving respiratory difficulties Assisting with movement,nutrition,hydration and elimination.
- 11. Spiritual support; Identify patientspiritual needs Respect the beliefs of patients Be willing to listen and discuss issues of spirituality.
- 12. Demonstrate empathy Provide asupportive presence Refer to community resources or spiritual leaders. Acknowledge and provide for the rituals.
- 13. Emotional support, Compassion (desireto help) Responsiveness to emotional needs Maintain a positive attitude Expressing empathy Attending wishes Being present.
- 14. Body changes afterdeath, Rigor mortis, Is the stiffening of the body that occurs about 2 to 4 hrs after death.it starts in the involuntary muscles(heart,bladder,and so on) progress to head, neck and finally reaches the extremities.
- 15. Algor mortis, Is thegradual decrease of the body temperature after death, it falls about 1 c(1.8F)per hour until it reaches room temperature ( (Latin: algor—coldness; mortis—of death) is the reduction in body temperature following death. This is generally a steady decline until matching ambient temperature, although external factors can have a significant influence)
- 16. Livor mortis, skin becomesdiscolored and losses its elasticity.tissues become soft .
- 17. Legal aspects ofdeath, Death must be certified by a physician In unusual death,an autopsy(postmortem examination)may be required.
- 18. Care of thebody after death, Make the environment clean to make the body appear natural and comfortable. All equipment and supplies should be removed from the bed side.
- 19. All tubes inthe body be clamped and remain in place(according to hospital policy) All soiled linen must be removed.
- 20. The nurse shouldcheck the client's religion and make every attempt to comply. Normally, the body is placed in supine position .Palms down or across the abdomin. The wrist band is left untill it is too tight. One pillow is placed under the head and shoulder the eye lids are closed dentures are usually inserted .
- 21. The mouth isthen closed (a rolled towel under the chin will hold it closed) Soiled areas of the body are washed,absorbent pads are placed under the buttocks and a clean gown is placed on the client,hair is brushed and all jewelry is removed. Identification tages are applied,one to the ankle and on the wrist.
- 22. The body iswrapped in a shroud(a winding sheet). Another identification band is then applied to the outside of the wrapped sheet, Then the body is taken to the mortuary.
- 23. For everything thereis a season, And a time for every matter under heaven: A time to be born, and a time to die; A time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted; A time to kill, and a time to heal; A time to break down, and a time to build up;
- 24. A time toweep, and a time to laugh; A time to mourn, and a time to dance; A time to throw away stones, and a time to gather stones together; A time to embrace, And a time to refrain from embracing;
- 25. A time toseek, and a time to lose; A time to keep, and a time to throw away; A time to tear, and a time to sew; A time to keep silence, and a time to speak; A time to love, and a time to hate, A time for war, and a time for peace.