2. Theory Course Code Theory Course Name L T P C
K24CSIT11 Design Thinking 1 0 0 1
Syllabus
for
Autonomous Course
B.Tech., Semester-1
3. Pre-requisite: Not Applicable
Course Objectives:
1.To expose the student with state of the art perspectives, ideas, concepts, and solutions
related to the design and execution of projects using design thinking principles.
2.To prepare the mindset and discipline of systemic inspiration driven by a desire to identify
new sources of ideas, and new models especially outside their regular working atmosphere.
3.To propose a concrete, feasible, viable and relevant innovation project/challenge.
Course Outcome:
After completion of the course, the student will be able to
1.Understand the basic requirements of a good design.
2.Empathise and ideate the solutions to problems in his environment
3.Prototype and test the developed solutions.
4.Apply the principles of design thinking on developing innovative solutions to the real world problems.
5. Unit 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF DESIGN THINKING 04 hours
Concept of Design Thinking, Need of Design Thinking, Goal of Design thinking (Desirability, feasibility and viability),
Design thinking Process model, Design thinking tools.
Activities: Identify an Opportunity, Scope of the Project, Explore the possibilities and prepare a design brief.
Unit 2 EMPATHIZE AND DEFINE 04 hours
Design thinking phases, how to empathize, Role of empathy in design thinking, the purpose of empathy maps, Things
to be done prior to empathy mapping, Activities during and after the session, Understanding empathy tools:
Customer Journey Map, Personas. Define- Methods of Define Phase: Storytelling.
Activities: Apply the methods of empathizing and Define Phases Finalize the problem statement.
6. Unit 3 IDEATION 04 hours
Challenges in idea generation, Visualize, Empathize, and Ideate method, Importance of visualizing and empathizing
before ideating, Applying the method, Create Thinking, Generating Design Ideas, Lateral Thinking, Analogies,
Brainstorming, Mind mapping,
Ideation Tools: How Might We? (HMW), Storyboard, Brainstorming. What is design innovation? A mindset for
innovation, and asking "What if?” asking "What wows?” and "What works?"
Activities: Apply the methods of Ideate Phase: Generate Innovative solution ideas.
Unit 4 PROTOTYPING AND TESTING 03 hours
What is a prototype? - Prototyping as a mindset, prototype examples, prototyping for products; Why we need
prototype? Fidelity for prototypes, Process of prototyping- Minimum Viable prototype. Testing prototypes with
users, Collect feedback; iterate and improve the ideas.
Activities:
1.Prototype: Apply the Methods of the Prototype Phase - Create prototypes for selected ideas.
2.Testing: Collect feedback; iterate and improve the ideas Present your solution using the Storytelling method.
Total Lecture Hours 15 hours
7. Reference Books
• Design Thinking, A Beginner’s Perspective, E Balaguruswamy, Bindu Vijayakumar, Mc
Graw Hill,2024
• The Design Thinking Playbook, Michael Lewrick (Author), Patrick Link (Author), Larry
Leifer (Author) Publisher Wiley, Edition 2018.
• Design Thinking For Dummies, Prof. Dr. Christian Müller- Roterberg, Wiley, 2021
• The Design of Everyday Things, Don Norman(Author),Navol Books Trading, Edition 2022
• Designing Experiences, James Robert Rossman and Mathew D. Duerden, Columbia
Business School Pub, Edition 2019.
• Roger Martin, "The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking is the Next Competitive
Advantage”, Harvard Business Press, Edition 2009.
• Idris Mootee, Design Thinking for Strategic Innovation,2013, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
9. Assessment Scheme
Continuous Assessment: 20 marks
The student shall submit 3 Assignments (on Unit 1,2 and 3 respectively) for 5 marks each. Activities
are mentioned with every unit in defined syllabus.
Attendance: 5 Marks
Student shall be offered an optional badge course from IBM.
https://www.ibm.com/design/thinking/page/toolkit
MSE: 30 Marks
Mode of Evaluation (Activity Based):
The student will make a project proposal on an innovative idea in a team of 2-3 students.
Assessment of student shall be done based on student
Contribution to the Proposal [10 Marks].
Understanding of the Subject and innovation [10 Marks].
Incorporation of concept of Design Thinking in Proposed Project [10 Marks].
26. “Design Thinking is a
human-centered, collaborative
approach to problem
solving that
is creative, iterative and
practical.“
27. Design Thinking is a solution-oriented process that is used to
address complex problems in a user-centered way. It involves
understanding human needs, redefining problems in an
empathetic manner, creating many ideas in brainstorming
sessions, and adopting a hands-on approach in prototyping
and testing. Design Thinking revolves around a deep interest in
developing an understanding of the people for whom we are
designing the products or services. It helps innovators break
free of traditional problem-solving patterns to produce
innovative, effective, and sustainable solutions.
28. Core Phases of Design Thinking
1. Empathize
2. Define
3. Ideate
4. Prototype
5. Test
29. Design Thinking starts with
thinking about people.
What they need.
What they want.
35. Doug Dietz worked at G.E. on a new MRI
scanner with great new technology – best in
class, in fact. Sharper images, better
diagnostics, faster results.
A real life-saver!
But for it to work, patients need to lie
perfectly still.
36. The problem:
Children were terrified of the MRI
and needed sedation to use it.
This made the process slower, more
expensive and risky, while giving
them a terrible experience.
37. Thousands of MRIs had
already been built
and installed at hospitals.
What now?
39. Doug’s solution was viable, because it
didn’t impact production and logistics of
the MRI, and saved the hospitals
resources.
It was feasible, because it didn’t have
to change the way the MRI worked.
It was desirable, because it turned a
scary machine into an adventure for
40. This is Design Thinking in
action!
Who are you
designing for?
Kid
patients
What problem
are you
solving?
Anxiety
Generate many
ideas & solutions
A, B, C,
D…
Turn idea into a
tangible thing
*paints
MRI*
Put prototype in
front of users.
„Weeeee!“
Repeat
43. The Embrace Warmer keeps preterm babies warm at
the fraction of the cost of a normal warmer. $300 vs
$20K. And it doesn’t need electricity!
The team working on the problem could have shaved
off a couple of thousand dollars by reducing the parts
or buying second-hand incubators, but after travelling
around india for a month they realised that it
wouldn’t be close to enough and came up with
something completely new and innovative.
https://www.phoenixmedicalsystems.com/infant-care/embra
ce-warmer
45. • India has vast population which suffers from cataract.
Solution by bureaucrats will be to build more
hospitals, train more doctors etc.
• It will increase the burden on government as most
people being poor cannot afford cost of surgery, but
India being poor nation cannot allocate more funds
for health sector.
• Providing health care for poor in India is a wicked
problem.
46. Aravind Eyecare used design thinking to solve the problem.
Solution to problem came from McDonalds.
The McDonald model of serving large population at low cost
and high speed was used as model by Aravind Eyecare.
There were two costs- Fixed costs ex. cost of surgery and
variable costs ex. cost of lens.
They reduced cost of surgery by accepting donations from
charitable institutions, subsidies from government, surgeries
on mass scale etc.
This is achieved through high quality, large volume care and a
well-organised system.
Secondly, they decided to manufacture the lens themselves,
this reduced the cost of lens significantly.
They did surgeries using Assembly Line
47. The Captain of a Japanese Ship
had left behind his expensive
watch and ring on the table in his
cabin for a while.
On his return, he found that they
had gone missing. After some
thought, he zeroed down on five
guys in the ship, who regularly
meet him. All of them denied
visiting his cabin that morning.
Their responses were as follows;
48. CHEF RADIO ENGINEER CLEANER MAINTENANCE
ENGINEER SAILOR
I normally meet
you for Menu
planning. But
tonight's special
dinner has
already been
planned out. So I
did not show up.
I was tied up
listening to an
important weather
update from
the nearest shore . I
was planning to
meet you later in the
day and share the
update.
I do tidy up your
cabin each day.
However,
I was on duty last
night and went to
sleep thereafter.
Hence did not
come in.
I update you
regularly on the
Ship's functioning.
However, I am just
returning after fixing
a problem with the
generator
I noticed this
morning that the
flag in the mast was
hoisted upside
down. I had gone
there to fix it. So, I
did not come to
your cabin.
49. ?
Having listened to them, the Captain immediately
caught the culprit, who confessed to the theft.
Who was it and how did
the Captain know that
51. Popular Scene from
Sridevi Movie
English Vinglish
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyG2jtA_rd8
52. Empathise
Who are you
designing for?
Define
What problem
are you
solving?
Ideate
Generate many
ideas & solutions
Prototype
Turn idea into a
tangible thing
Test
Put prototype in
front of users.
Repeat
The 5 Stages of
the Design Thinking
Process
56. 1st
Law of Design Thinking
I. Less is More
Focus on what matters the most
To remove redundancy in what we
offer to our customer
Example :
Professional Institutions: Placement
Industry: Customer Satisfaction
57. II. Last 2%= 200%
Finding our USP
Identifying the differentiator which will make a
big impact.
Example: Hotel Check-in at Oberoi
Flight/train: Seats Upgradation
Some memorable activity during the
Farewell party of final year students.
2nd
Law of Design Thinking
58. III. Theory of Prioritization
Prioritization should be exponential and not
linear
Focus on 1000g rather than many 10g
3rd
Law of Design Thinking
59. 3rd
Law of Design Thinking: Tools
of Prioritization
Wheel of Life
For Self
For the Department/Professional Life
Identify 8 things which are important to you
Matrix Method
Of urgent/not urgent/important /not important
Urgent Not Urgent
Important Crisis Zone Results Zone
Not Important Routine Zone Escape Zone
62. When you feel what the other person
is feeling and can mirror their
expression, opinions and their hopes.
Why?
To discover people’s explicit and
implicit needs so that you can meet
them through your design solutions.
63. Who are we designing for?
43
People are diverse. One thing commonplace in Europe is a completely
foreign and weird concept in Asia. It’s important to go out and talk to
people, listen and learn from them.
67. Says : What does user say in public and how he
behaves
“I want something reliable.”
“I don’t understand what to do from here.”
Thinks : What is going inside the mind of the user
“This is really annoying.”
“Am I dumb for not understanding this?”
Does: Research on his behavior aspects
Refreshes page several times.
Shops around to compare prices.
Feels: How he internally feels emotionally
Impatient: pages load too slowly
Confused: too many contradictory prices
Worried: they are doing something wrong
68. Empathise with your user so you can make better
decisions.
1.Write the goal of the user in the middle. ‘Cathy needs an easy-to-
use tool to help her with some delicate tasks’.
2.Spend 10 minutes writing your assumptions on sticky notes for
each section.
3.Stick them up and talk through these assumptions with your
team.
10 Minutes
70. Defining the problem using a unique, concise
reframing of the problem that is grounded in the user
needs and insights.
Why?
To expose new opportunities by looking at things
differently; guide innovation efforts; make sure we’ve
identified something worth working on.
72. You draw insights from the empathy map about what the user
needs.
For the purpose of this workshop, I want to give you the point
of view statement.
POV
“User needs an easy to use tool to help with some delicate
tasks. In particular, the user is looking for something that will
help her pick up pins which she can then use to pin
documents."
74. Transform a problem or in this case, point of view statement,
into a solvable question.
How Might We create a tool that will help Cathy complete
delicate tasks (like pinning documents to a board) in a pain
free way?
78. • Based on the knowledge gathered, we come up with a large
quantity of ideas.
Not worrying about perfection from the start.
• We want to try 100s of cheap experiments in a week, not 1
expensive bet in a month.
58
79. Generate many possible
solutions to a problem!
Why????
To generate maximum innovation
potential in a short amount of time;
incorporate different perspectives, build
excitement.
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84. Sketching solutions to the challenge you’ve already decided
on.
Generate a lot of ideas, quickly. Eight crazy ideas in
eight minutes!
Sometimes to be truly creative, our brains need structure
and rules.
By restricting space and time, but letting everyone know
that anything goes-this tactic forces ideas out, fast! It’s far
less painful than it sounds.
8 Minutes
85. Quantity, not Quality.
Right now, your job is only to
produce as many ideas as
possible.
After you produce, you can
curate.
91. Turn your concept into
something concrete, tangible –
something you can test.
Why????
To gain empathy; to explore; to test; to
inspire. To test your hypotheses, to get you
closer to your final solution.
99. Test your concept with users using your
prototypes.
Why?
To understand how users understand and use the
concept. It is a way of continuing to gain empathy
for your users and evaluate your solution.
100. Test what you
built!
One person from a different
group must now test picking up
the pin with the oven glove and
pin the pin to the board.
Pin!!!!
103. Feedback Session (5
mins)
In your group, discuss and answer these 3
questions:
1.What worked well?
2. What didn’t work well?
3. What could be improved upon?
104. In real life, Design Thinking
is not a linear process.
You’re constantly iterating,
changing things, until you’re
happy with what you’ve
created.
112. • Belongs to a middle class family
• Graduate in an arts college
• More than one sibling
• Could be a working woman or a home-maker or a recently
graduated student
• Needs a detergent within the budget that takes care of the
clothes
• Spending too much money on detergents and other natural
resources like water.
• Unable to portray her integrity and uprightness
The Target User wants herself to be unique among her peer group & cherishes excellence in her field.
www.d-thinking.com
Background
• Excellence in whatever she does
• Good feedback about her activities (either peers or neighbours
or family)
Motivation
Challenges faced
• She doubts that colleagues envy her & doesn’t want to hand
them any issue.
• E.g: A spot of dirt on cloth/uniform should not become a major
embarrassment for her
Doubts / Fears
• She wants to stand different from the crowd either in the
neighborhood or at her workplaces
• Wants to make her parents and siblings proud
Aspirations
Parvathi – RIN USER
114. • Financial background is Upper middle class & elite economy
class of the society
• A post-graduate in a reputed institute
• Has travelled abroad for holidays
• Residing in upmarket locations , gated community locations of
city
• Has kid(s)
• Though she would love her kids to play in open, she would
definitely not scold them for soiled clothes. She would keep on
encouraging them . She has clothes for her kids in abundance
& necessary best-in-class washing machine available.
The Target User cherishes freedom for her kids & wants to look supportive in helping her kids to get their hands dirty in exploring variety of
things.
Background
• Liberty for kids & Freedom to try new things which are
beneficial for kids’ learning motivates her.
Motivation
Challenges faced
• She feels that nowadays kids don’t get involved in physical
games & activities. She fears they may never get exposed to
benefits of outdoor games, develop sportsmanship etc.
Doubts / Fears
• She aspires to be a caretaking mother & wants to give freedom
to her kids to enjoy the nature, play outdoor games, develop
more friends etc .
Aspirations
Padma - SURF EXCEL USER
![Assessment Scheme
Continuous Assessment: 20 marks
The student shall submit 3 Assignments (on Unit 1,2 and 3 respectively) for 5 marks each. Activities
are mentioned with every unit in defined syllabus.
Attendance: 5 Marks
Student shall be offered an optional badge course from IBM.
https://www.ibm.com/design/thinking/page/toolkit
MSE: 30 Marks
Mode of Evaluation (Activity Based):
The student will make a project proposal on an innovative idea in a team of 2-3 students.
Assessment of student shall be done based on student
Contribution to the Proposal [10 Marks].
Understanding of the Subject and innovation [10 Marks].
Incorporation of concept of Design Thinking in Proposed Project [10 Marks].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/finalppt12sep2024-250726084629-dac036ee/85/Design-Thinking-for-Engineering-graduates-9-320.jpg)
