More Related Content
Similar to Details on pituitary gland tumors . pptx (20)
Details on pituitary gland tumors . pptx
- 1. PITUITARY TUMORS PRESENTED BY :: SSEKABIRA ABUD RASHID, 2022-01-07616 SUPERVISOR: SNR. CONSULT' DR. EDWIN MUSINGUZI
- 2. CONTENTS • Anatomy • Classification • Complications • Prognosis • References
- 3. ANATOMY
- 4. CONT’D.
- 6. CLASSIFICATION 1. Classification by Size Micro adenomas : Tumors 10 mm in diameter• Typically asymptomatic unless they secrete hormones. ≤ Macro adenomas : Tumors > 10 mm in diameter. More likely to cause mass effects, such as compression of nearby structures like the optic chiasm, leading to visual disturbances. 2. Classification by Hormonal Activity A. Functional Tumors (hormone-secreting tumors) • Prolactinomas (most common functional tumor):• Secrete prolactin.• Symptoms: Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, hypogonadism. • Somatotroph Adenomas: • Secrete growth hormone (GH).• Symptoms: Acromegaly (in adults), gigantism (in children). • Corticotroph Adenomas: • Secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).• Cause Cushing Disease (hypercortisolism).
- 7. • Thyrotroph Adenomas: • Secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).• Cause secondary hyperthyroidism. • Gonadotroph Adenomas: • Secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and/or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).• Typically non-functiona but may cause hypogonadism or mass effects. • Plurihormonal Adenomas: • Secrete more than one type of hormone (e.g., GH and prolactin). B. Non-Functional Adenomas (non-secreting tumors) • Do not secrete biologically active hormones. • Present with symptoms related to mass effects (e.g., headaches, visual disturbances) or hypopituitarism due to compression of the normal pituitary.
- 9. CONT.
- 10. CONT. • Pituitary apoplexy is the syndrome associated with hemorrhagic infarction of the pituitary tumor. It presents with sudden headache, visual loss and ophthalmoplegia with or without impaired conscious level. Endocrine resuscitation with intravenous steroids is the priority, and surgical decompression may be required.
- 11. INVESTIGATIONS
- 12. TREATMENT • Effective treatment requires close cooperation between the neurosurgical team and an endocrinologist. • Compression of the chiasm with any evidence of visual compromise is the main indication for urgent surgical intervention. • Medical; Prolactinomas are managed initially with dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine and cabergoline. • Growth hormone-secreting tumors may respond to dopamine agonists or to somatostatin analogues such as octreotide. • The cortisol level is also important, since deficiency must be corrected, especially in the perioperative period.
- 13. CONT.
- 14. COMPLICATIONS • CSF leak after operation. • Pituitary insufficiency. • Diabetes insipidus resulting from manipulation of the pituitary stalk is common in immediate postoperative period and usually resolves spontaneously. Do hourly measurement of urine output, and blood and urine samples for calculation of sodium concentration and osmolality. If confirmed, can be managed with DDAP in consultation with endocrinology.
- 15. PROGNOSIS