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Develop with linux containers and docker

Docker allows building and running applications inside lightweight containers. Some key benefits of Docker include: - Portability - Dockerized applications are completely portable and can run on any infrastructure from development machines to production servers. - Consistency - Docker ensures that application dependencies and environments are always the same, regardless of where the application is run. - Efficiency - Docker containers are lightweight since they don't need virtualization layers like VMs. This allows for higher density and more efficient use of resources.

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Linux Containers and Dockers Quando, vantaggi e svantaggi Ciao ciao Vai a fare ciao ciao Dr. Fabio Fumarola
Contents • The Evolution of IT • The Solutions: Virtual Machines vs Vagrant vs Docker • Differences • Examples – Vagrant – Boot2Docker – Docker – Docker Hub • CoreOS 2
From 1995 to 2015 3 Client-Server App Well-defined stack: - O/S - Runtime - Middleware Monolithic Physical Infrastructure Thin app on mobile, tablet Assembled by developers using best available services Running on any available set of physical resources (public/private/ virtualized)
Static website Web frontend User DB Queue Analytics DB Background workers API endpoint nginx 1.5 + modsecurity + openssl + bootstrap 2 postgresql + pgv8 + v8 hadoop + hive + thrift + OpenJDK Ruby + Rails + sass + Unicorn Redis + redis-sentinel Python 3.0 + celery + pyredis + libcurl + ffmpeg + libopencv + nodejs + phantomjs Python 2.7 + Flask + pyredis + celery + psycopg + postgresql- client Development VM QA server Public Cloud Disaster recovery Contributor’s laptop Production Servers 2015 in Detail Production Cluster Customer Data Center 4
Challenges • How to ensure that services interact consistently? • How to avoid to setup N different configurations and dependencies for each service? • How to migrate and scale quickly ensuring compatibility? • How to replicate my VM and services quickly? 5
How to deal with different confs? 6 Static website Web frontend Background workers User DB Analytics DB Queue Development VM QA Server Single Prod Server Onsite Cluster Public Cloud Contributor’s laptop Customer Servers ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
1. Virtual Machines 7
Virtual Machines • Run on top of an Hypervisor Pros – fully virtualized OS – Totally isolated Cons – Needs to take a snapshot of the entire VM to replicate – Uses a lot of space – Slow to move around 8 App A Hypervisor Host OS Server Guest OS Bins/ Libs App A’ Guest OS Bins/ Libs App B Guest OS Bins/ Libs Guest OS Guest OS VM
Hypervisors Trend 2011 – XEN: Default choice given Rackspace and Amazon use – KVM: Bleeding edge users 2012 – KVM: Emerges as the lead – XEN: Loses momentum 9
Hipervisors Trend 2013 – KVM: Maintains lead (around 90%+ for Mirantis) – Vmware: Emerges as a surprising second choice – Containers (LXC, Parallels, Docker): Web Hosting and SAS focused – Xen and HyperV: Infrequent requests (XenServer.org) 2014 – 2015 – ??? 10
2. Vagrant 11
Vagrant • Open source VM manager released in 2010 • It allows you to script and package VMs config and the provisioning setup via a VagrantFile • It is designed to run on top of almost any VM tool: VirtualBox, VMVare, AWS, OpenStack1 • It can be used together with provisioning tools such as shell scripts, Chef and Puppet. 12 1. https://github.com/cloudbau/vagrant-openstack-plugin
Vagrant: idea Use a VagrantFile to install 1.an operating system 2.Required libraries and software and finally run programs and processes of your final application 13
Vagrant: Feature • Command-Line Interface • Vagrant Share • VagrantFile • Boxes • Provisioning • Networking • Synced Folders • Multi-Machine • Providers • Plugins 14 https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads
Vagrant: Demo • It allows us to interact with Vagrant • It offers the following commands: box, connect, destroy, halt, init, login, package a vm, rdp, … https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/cli/index.html 15
Vagrant Example 1. Download and install VirtualBox and Vagrant 1. This will place a VagrantFile in the directory 2. Install a Box 3. Using a Box -> https://vagrantcloud.com/ 16 $ mkdir vagrant_first_vm && cd vagrant_first_vm $ vagrant init $ vagrant box add ubuntu/trusty64 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64" end
Vagran: Start 1. Start the box 2. Login into the vm 3. You can destroy the vm by 17 $ vagrant up $ vagrant ssh $ vagrant destroy
Vagrant: Synced Folders • By default, it shares your project directory to the /vagrant directory on the guest machine. • If you create a file on your gues os the file will be on the vagrant vm. 18 $ vagrant up $ vagrant ssh $ ls /vagrant --Vagrantfile $ touch pippo.txt $vagrant ssh $ls /vagrant/
Vagrant: Provisioning • Let’s install Apache via a boostrap.sh file • If you create a file on your gues os the file will be on the vagrant vm. (vagrant reload --provision) 19 #!/usr/bin/env bash apt-get update apt-get install -y apache2 rm -rf /var/www ln -fs /vagrant /var/www Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "hashicorp/precise32" config.vm.provision :shell, path: "bootstrap.sh" end
Vagrant: Networking • Port Forwarding: llows you to specify ports on the guest machine to share via a port on the host machine • By running vagrant reload or vagrant up we can see on http://127.0.0.1:4567 our apache • It supports also bridge configurations and other configurations (https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/networking/) 20 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "hashicorp/precise32" config.vm.provision :shell, path: "bootstrap.sh" config.vm.network :forwarded_port, host: 4567, guest: 80 end
Vagrant: Share and Provider • It is possible to share Vagrant box via vagrant cloud (but?) Providers • By default Vagrant is configured with VirtualBox but you can change the provider • How? 21 $ vagrant up --provider=vmware_fusion $ vagrant up --provider=aws $ vagrant plugin install vagrant-aws
Vagrant: AWS Vagrantfile 22 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # config.vm.box = "sean" config.vm.provider :aws do |aws, override| aws.access_key_id = "AAAAIIIIYYYY4444AAAA” aws.secret_access_key = "c344441LooLLU322223526IabcdeQL12E34At3mm” aws.keypair_name = "iheavy" aws.ami = "ami-7747d01e" override.ssh.username = "ubuntu" override.ssh.private_key_path = "/var/root/iheavy_aws/pk- XHHHHHMMMAABPEDEFGHOAOJH1QBH5324.pem" end end
3. Docker 23
Quick Survey • How many people have heard of Docker before this Seminar? • How many people have tried Docker ? • How many people are using Docker in production ? 24
What is Docker? "With Docker, developers can build any app in any language using any toolchain. “Dockerized” apps are completely portable and can run anywhere - colleagues’ OS X and Windows laptops, QA servers running Ubuntu in the cloud, and production data center VMs running Red Hat.” Docker.io 25
Docker in simple words • It is a technology that allow you running applications inside containers (not VM) • This assures that libraries and package needed by the application you run are always the same. • This means you can make a container for Memcache and another for Redis and they will work the same in any OS (also in Vagrant). 26
Why Docker? • Fast delivery of your applications • Deploy and scale more easily • Get higher density and run more workload • Faster deployment makes for easier management 27
How does docker work? • LinuX Containers (LXC) • Control Groups & Namespaces (CGroups) • AUFS • Client – Server with an HTTP API 28
LXC- Linux Containers • It is a user-space interface for the Linux kernel containment features • Through a powerful API and simple tools, it lets Linux users easily create and manage system or application containers. • Currently LXC can apply the following kernel features to contain processes: – Kernel namespaces (ipc, uts, mount, pid, network and user) – Apparmor and SELinux profiles – Seccomp policies – Chroots (using pivot_root) – Kernel capabilities & Control groups (cgroups) 29
Cgroups • Control groups is a Linux kernel feature to limit, account and isolate resource usage (CPU, memory, disk I/O, etc) of process groups. • Features: – Resource limitation: limit CPU, memory… – Prioritization: assign more CPU etc to some groups. – Accounting: to measure the resource usage. – Control: freezing groups or check-pointing and restarting. 30
LCX based Containers • It allows us to run a Linux system within another Linux system. • A container is a group of processes on a Linux box, put together is an isolated environment. 31 AppA’ Docker Engine Host OS Server Bins/Libs AppA Bins/Libs AppB AppB’ AppB’ AppB’ AppB’ Container • From the inside it looks like a VM • From the outside, it looks like normal processes
Docker Features • VE (Virtual Environments) based on LXC • Portable deployment across machines • Versioning: docker include git-like capabilities for tracking versions of a container • Component reuse: it allows building or stacking already created packages. You can create ‘base images’ and then running more machine based on the image. • Shared libraries: there is a public repository with several images (https://registry.hub.docker.com/) 32
Why are Docker Containers lightweight? 33 Bins / Libs App A Original App (No OS to take up space, resources, or require restart) AppΔ Bins/ App A Bins/ Libs App A’ Gues t OS Bins/ Libs Modified App Union file system allows us to only save the diffs Between container A and container A’ VMs App A Gues t OS Bins/ Libs Copy of App No OS. Can Share bins/libs App A Gues t OS Gues t OS Containers
Prerequisites • I use Oh My Zsh1 with the Docker plugin2 for autocompletion of docker commands • Linux at least with kernel 3.8 but 3.10.x is recommended – $ uname –r • MacOS or Windows via Boot2Docker3 or via Vagrant 34 1. https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh 2. https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Plugins#docker 3. http://boot2docker.io/
Docker Installation Ubuntu • AUFS support $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get intall linux-image-extra-`uname –r` • Add docker repo $ sudo sh –c “curl https://get.docker.io/gpg | apt-key add -” $ sudo sh –c “echo deb http://get.docker.io/ubuntu docker main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list” • Install $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install lxc-docker 35
Docker install Vagrant • Create the folders $ mkdir ~/boot2docker $ cd ~/boot2docker • Init the vagrant box $ vagrant init yungsang/boot2docker $ vagrant up; export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://localhost:2375 • Check docker $ docker version * NOTE: the YungSang boot2docker opens up port forwarding to the network, so is not safe on public wifi. 36
Docker Installation Vagrant • Clone the docker repository $ git clone https://github.com/dotcloud/docker.git • Startup the vagrant image $ vagrant up • SSH into the image $ vagrant ssh • Docker client works normally 37
Docker install boot2docker http://boot2docker.io/ 38
Base Commands 39
Docker: hello world • Get one base image from https://registry.hub.docker.com $ sudo docker pull centos • List images on your system $ sudo docker images • Check the images –$ sudo docker images • Run your first container –$ sudo docker run centos:latest echo “hello world” 40
An Interactive Container • Run bash in your container – $ sudo docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash • The -t flag assigns a pseudo-tty or terminal inside our new container • The -i flag allows us to make an interactive connection by grabbing the standard in (STDIN) of the container • We also specified a command for the container 41
A Daemonized Hello world • Run a sh script – sudo docker run -d centos:6 /bin/sh –c ‘while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done’ • The -d flag tells Docker to run the container and put it in the background, to daemonize it. • To list the docker containers running – $ docker ps • To get the logs of the container – $ sudo docker logs container_id • To stop the container: – $ sudo docker stop container_id 42
A web container with docker • To run a Python Flask application – $ sudo docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py • The -P flag is new and tells Docker to map any required network ports inside our container to our host. • To view our application with the port mapping – $ sudo docker ps –l • We can see that the default flask port 5000 is exposed to 49155 – $ sudo docker run -d -p 5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py • Check the url to continue the guide – https://docs.docker.com/userguide/usingdocker/ 43
Working with docker images • To find images go to – https://hub.docker.com/ • To pull an image – $ sudo docker pull training/sinatra • Updating and committing an image – $ sudo docker run -t -i training/sinatra /bin/bash – # gem install json – $ sudo docker commit -m="Added json gem" -a="Kate Smith" 0b2616b0e5a8 ouruser/sinatra:v2 - $ sudo docker images 44
Create an image from a Dockerfile FROM library/centos:centos6 MAINTAINER fabio fumarola fabiofumarola@gmail.com RUN yum install -y curl which tar sudo openssh-server openssh-clients rsync # passwordless ssh RUN ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key RUN ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key RUN ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t rsa -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa RUN cp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys EXPOSE 22 CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd", "-D"] 45
Build and run an image • $docker build –t fabio/centos:ssh . • $docker run –i –t fabio/centos:ssh /bin/bash • Or • $docker run –d fabio/centos:ssh /bin/bash • Check the following commands: – $ docker top – $ docker logs – $ docker inspect 46
Other Commands • Docker cp: copy a file from container to host • Docker diff: print container changes • Docker top: display running processes in a container • Docker rm /rmi: delete container/image • Docker wait: wait until container stop and print exit code More on: http://docs.docker.io/en/latest/commandline/cli 47
Big insight with Docker 48
Steps 1. Build the docker image via the docker file – $ docker build –t ouruser/biginsight:v ./ 1. Run the container – docker run -d –p --name biginsight –v /abs/install/path:/opt/ibm ouruser/biginsight:v /bin/sh path/to/install.sh This will mount the host directory, /abs/install/path, into the container at /opt/ibm 49
Install Hadoop Spark Hbase 50
Steps • There are several dockerfile that we can use – http://blog.sequenceiq.com/blog/2014/12/02/hadoop-2- 6-0-docker/ – https://github.com/sequenceiq?page=2&query=docker – https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/oddpoet/hbase-cdh5/ 51
Docker vs Vagrant? • Less memory for Dockers w.r.t VMs • With a VM you get more isolation, but is much heavier. Indeed you can run 1000 of Dockers in a machine but not thousand of VMs with Xen. • A VM requires minutes to start a Docker seconds There are pros and cons for each type. • If you want full isolation with guaranteed resources a full VM is the way to go. • If you want hundred of isolate processes into a reasonably sized host then Docker might be the best solution 52
Core OS 53
CoreOS • A minimal operating system • Painless updating: utilizes active/passive scheme to update the OS as single unit instead of package by package. • Docker container • Clustered by default • Distributed System tools: etcd key-value store • Service discovery: easily locate where service are running in the cluster • High availability and automatic fail-over 54
CoreOS 55 Clustered by default High availability and a utomatic fail-over
Docker with CoreOS Features •Automatically runs on each CoreOS machine •Updated with regular automatic OS updates •Integrates with etcd •Networking automatically configured Example Akka cluster + Docker + CoreOS https://github.com/dennybritz/akka- cluster-deploy 56
References • http://www.iheavy.com/2014/01/16/how-to-deploy-on-amazon-ec2- with-vagrant/ • https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/ • Vagrant: Up and Running Paperback – June 15, 2013 • https://github.com/patrickdlee/vagrant-examples • https://linuxcontainers.org/ LXC • https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/ • http://lamejournal.com/2014/09/19/vagrant-vs-docker-osx-tales-front/ • https://medium.com/@_marcos_otero/docker-vs-vagrant-582135beb623 • https://coreos.com/using-coreos/docker/ 57

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Develop with linux containers and docker

  • 1.
    Linux Containers and Dockers Quando,vantaggi e svantaggi Ciao ciao Vai a fare ciao ciao Dr. Fabio Fumarola
  • 2.
    Contents • The Evolutionof IT • The Solutions: Virtual Machines vs Vagrant vs Docker • Differences • Examples – Vagrant – Boot2Docker – Docker – Docker Hub • CoreOS 2
  • 3.
    From 1995 to2015 3 Client-Server App Well-defined stack: - O/S - Runtime - Middleware Monolithic Physical Infrastructure Thin app on mobile, tablet Assembled by developers using best available services Running on any available set of physical resources (public/private/ virtualized)
  • 4.
    Static website Web frontend UserDB Queue Analytics DB Background workers API endpoint nginx 1.5 + modsecurity + openssl + bootstrap 2 postgresql + pgv8 + v8 hadoop + hive + thrift + OpenJDK Ruby + Rails + sass + Unicorn Redis + redis-sentinel Python 3.0 + celery + pyredis + libcurl + ffmpeg + libopencv + nodejs + phantomjs Python 2.7 + Flask + pyredis + celery + psycopg + postgresql- client Development VM QA server Public Cloud Disaster recovery Contributor’s laptop Production Servers 2015 in Detail Production Cluster Customer Data Center 4
  • 5.
    Challenges • How toensure that services interact consistently? • How to avoid to setup N different configurations and dependencies for each service? • How to migrate and scale quickly ensuring compatibility? • How to replicate my VM and services quickly? 5
  • 6.
    How to dealwith different confs? 6 Static website Web frontend Background workers User DB Analytics DB Queue Development VM QA Server Single Prod Server Onsite Cluster Public Cloud Contributor’s laptop Customer Servers ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  • 7.
  • 8.
    Virtual Machines • Runon top of an Hypervisor Pros – fully virtualized OS – Totally isolated Cons – Needs to take a snapshot of the entire VM to replicate – Uses a lot of space – Slow to move around 8 App A Hypervisor Host OS Server Guest OS Bins/ Libs App A’ Guest OS Bins/ Libs App B Guest OS Bins/ Libs Guest OS Guest OS VM
  • 9.
    Hypervisors Trend 2011 – XEN:Default choice given Rackspace and Amazon use – KVM: Bleeding edge users 2012 – KVM: Emerges as the lead – XEN: Loses momentum 9
  • 10.
    Hipervisors Trend 2013 – KVM:Maintains lead (around 90%+ for Mirantis) – Vmware: Emerges as a surprising second choice – Containers (LXC, Parallels, Docker): Web Hosting and SAS focused – Xen and HyperV: Infrequent requests (XenServer.org) 2014 – 2015 – ??? 10
  • 11.
  • 12.
    Vagrant • Open sourceVM manager released in 2010 • It allows you to script and package VMs config and the provisioning setup via a VagrantFile • It is designed to run on top of almost any VM tool: VirtualBox, VMVare, AWS, OpenStack1 • It can be used together with provisioning tools such as shell scripts, Chef and Puppet. 12 1. https://github.com/cloudbau/vagrant-openstack-plugin
  • 13.
    Vagrant: idea Use aVagrantFile to install 1.an operating system 2.Required libraries and software and finally run programs and processes of your final application 13
  • 14.
    Vagrant: Feature • Command-LineInterface • Vagrant Share • VagrantFile • Boxes • Provisioning • Networking • Synced Folders • Multi-Machine • Providers • Plugins 14 https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads
  • 15.
    Vagrant: Demo • Itallows us to interact with Vagrant • It offers the following commands: box, connect, destroy, halt, init, login, package a vm, rdp, … https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/cli/index.html 15
  • 16.
    Vagrant Example 1. Downloadand install VirtualBox and Vagrant 1. This will place a VagrantFile in the directory 2. Install a Box 3. Using a Box -> https://vagrantcloud.com/ 16 $ mkdir vagrant_first_vm && cd vagrant_first_vm $ vagrant init $ vagrant box add ubuntu/trusty64 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64" end
  • 17.
    Vagran: Start 1. Startthe box 2. Login into the vm 3. You can destroy the vm by 17 $ vagrant up $ vagrant ssh $ vagrant destroy
  • 18.
    Vagrant: Synced Folders •By default, it shares your project directory to the /vagrant directory on the guest machine. • If you create a file on your gues os the file will be on the vagrant vm. 18 $ vagrant up $ vagrant ssh $ ls /vagrant --Vagrantfile $ touch pippo.txt $vagrant ssh $ls /vagrant/
  • 19.
    Vagrant: Provisioning • Let’sinstall Apache via a boostrap.sh file • If you create a file on your gues os the file will be on the vagrant vm. (vagrant reload --provision) 19 #!/usr/bin/env bash apt-get update apt-get install -y apache2 rm -rf /var/www ln -fs /vagrant /var/www Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "hashicorp/precise32" config.vm.provision :shell, path: "bootstrap.sh" end
  • 20.
    Vagrant: Networking • PortForwarding: llows you to specify ports on the guest machine to share via a port on the host machine • By running vagrant reload or vagrant up we can see on http://127.0.0.1:4567 our apache • It supports also bridge configurations and other configurations (https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/networking/) 20 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "hashicorp/precise32" config.vm.provision :shell, path: "bootstrap.sh" config.vm.network :forwarded_port, host: 4567, guest: 80 end
  • 21.
    Vagrant: Share andProvider • It is possible to share Vagrant box via vagrant cloud (but?) Providers • By default Vagrant is configured with VirtualBox but you can change the provider • How? 21 $ vagrant up --provider=vmware_fusion $ vagrant up --provider=aws $ vagrant plugin install vagrant-aws
  • 22.
    Vagrant: AWS Vagrantfile 22 Vagrant.configure("2")do |config| # config.vm.box = "sean" config.vm.provider :aws do |aws, override| aws.access_key_id = "AAAAIIIIYYYY4444AAAA” aws.secret_access_key = "c344441LooLLU322223526IabcdeQL12E34At3mm” aws.keypair_name = "iheavy" aws.ami = "ami-7747d01e" override.ssh.username = "ubuntu" override.ssh.private_key_path = "/var/root/iheavy_aws/pk- XHHHHHMMMAABPEDEFGHOAOJH1QBH5324.pem" end end
  • 23.
  • 24.
    Quick Survey • Howmany people have heard of Docker before this Seminar? • How many people have tried Docker ? • How many people are using Docker in production ? 24
  • 25.
    What is Docker? "WithDocker, developers can build any app in any language using any toolchain. “Dockerized” apps are completely portable and can run anywhere - colleagues’ OS X and Windows laptops, QA servers running Ubuntu in the cloud, and production data center VMs running Red Hat.” Docker.io 25
  • 26.
    Docker in simplewords • It is a technology that allow you running applications inside containers (not VM) • This assures that libraries and package needed by the application you run are always the same. • This means you can make a container for Memcache and another for Redis and they will work the same in any OS (also in Vagrant). 26
  • 27.
    Why Docker? • Fastdelivery of your applications • Deploy and scale more easily • Get higher density and run more workload • Faster deployment makes for easier management 27
  • 28.
    How does dockerwork? • LinuX Containers (LXC) • Control Groups & Namespaces (CGroups) • AUFS • Client – Server with an HTTP API 28
  • 29.
    LXC- Linux Containers •It is a user-space interface for the Linux kernel containment features • Through a powerful API and simple tools, it lets Linux users easily create and manage system or application containers. • Currently LXC can apply the following kernel features to contain processes: – Kernel namespaces (ipc, uts, mount, pid, network and user) – Apparmor and SELinux profiles – Seccomp policies – Chroots (using pivot_root) – Kernel capabilities & Control groups (cgroups) 29
  • 30.
    Cgroups • Control groupsis a Linux kernel feature to limit, account and isolate resource usage (CPU, memory, disk I/O, etc) of process groups. • Features: – Resource limitation: limit CPU, memory… – Prioritization: assign more CPU etc to some groups. – Accounting: to measure the resource usage. – Control: freezing groups or check-pointing and restarting. 30
  • 31.
    LCX based Containers •It allows us to run a Linux system within another Linux system. • A container is a group of processes on a Linux box, put together is an isolated environment. 31 AppA’ Docker Engine Host OS Server Bins/Libs AppA Bins/Libs AppB AppB’ AppB’ AppB’ AppB’ Container • From the inside it looks like a VM • From the outside, it looks like normal processes
  • 32.
    Docker Features • VE(Virtual Environments) based on LXC • Portable deployment across machines • Versioning: docker include git-like capabilities for tracking versions of a container • Component reuse: it allows building or stacking already created packages. You can create ‘base images’ and then running more machine based on the image. • Shared libraries: there is a public repository with several images (https://registry.hub.docker.com/) 32
  • 33.
    Why are DockerContainers lightweight? 33 Bins / Libs App A Original App (No OS to take up space, resources, or require restart) AppΔ Bins/ App A Bins/ Libs App A’ Gues t OS Bins/ Libs Modified App Union file system allows us to only save the diffs Between container A and container A’ VMs App A Gues t OS Bins/ Libs Copy of App No OS. Can Share bins/libs App A Gues t OS Gues t OS Containers
  • 34.
    Prerequisites • I useOh My Zsh1 with the Docker plugin2 for autocompletion of docker commands • Linux at least with kernel 3.8 but 3.10.x is recommended – $ uname –r • MacOS or Windows via Boot2Docker3 or via Vagrant 34 1. https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh 2. https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Plugins#docker 3. http://boot2docker.io/
  • 35.
    Docker Installation Ubuntu •AUFS support $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get intall linux-image-extra-`uname –r` • Add docker repo $ sudo sh –c “curl https://get.docker.io/gpg | apt-key add -” $ sudo sh –c “echo deb http://get.docker.io/ubuntu docker main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list” • Install $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install lxc-docker 35
  • 36.
    Docker install Vagrant •Create the folders $ mkdir ~/boot2docker $ cd ~/boot2docker • Init the vagrant box $ vagrant init yungsang/boot2docker $ vagrant up; export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://localhost:2375 • Check docker $ docker version * NOTE: the YungSang boot2docker opens up port forwarding to the network, so is not safe on public wifi. 36
  • 37.
    Docker Installation Vagrant •Clone the docker repository $ git clone https://github.com/dotcloud/docker.git • Startup the vagrant image $ vagrant up • SSH into the image $ vagrant ssh • Docker client works normally 37
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
    Docker: hello world •Get one base image from https://registry.hub.docker.com $ sudo docker pull centos • List images on your system $ sudo docker images • Check the images –$ sudo docker images • Run your first container –$ sudo docker run centos:latest echo “hello world” 40
  • 41.
    An Interactive Container •Run bash in your container – $ sudo docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash • The -t flag assigns a pseudo-tty or terminal inside our new container • The -i flag allows us to make an interactive connection by grabbing the standard in (STDIN) of the container • We also specified a command for the container 41
  • 42.
    A Daemonized Helloworld • Run a sh script – sudo docker run -d centos:6 /bin/sh –c ‘while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done’ • The -d flag tells Docker to run the container and put it in the background, to daemonize it. • To list the docker containers running – $ docker ps • To get the logs of the container – $ sudo docker logs container_id • To stop the container: – $ sudo docker stop container_id 42
  • 43.
    A web containerwith docker • To run a Python Flask application – $ sudo docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py • The -P flag is new and tells Docker to map any required network ports inside our container to our host. • To view our application with the port mapping – $ sudo docker ps –l • We can see that the default flask port 5000 is exposed to 49155 – $ sudo docker run -d -p 5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py • Check the url to continue the guide – https://docs.docker.com/userguide/usingdocker/ 43
  • 44.
    Working with dockerimages • To find images go to – https://hub.docker.com/ • To pull an image – $ sudo docker pull training/sinatra • Updating and committing an image – $ sudo docker run -t -i training/sinatra /bin/bash – # gem install json – $ sudo docker commit -m="Added json gem" -a="Kate Smith" 0b2616b0e5a8 ouruser/sinatra:v2 - $ sudo docker images 44
  • 45.
    Create an imagefrom a Dockerfile FROM library/centos:centos6 MAINTAINER fabio fumarola [email protected] RUN yum install -y curl which tar sudo openssh-server openssh-clients rsync # passwordless ssh RUN ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key RUN ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key RUN ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t rsa -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa RUN cp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys EXPOSE 22 CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd", "-D"] 45
  • 46.
    Build and runan image • $docker build –t fabio/centos:ssh . • $docker run –i –t fabio/centos:ssh /bin/bash • Or • $docker run –d fabio/centos:ssh /bin/bash • Check the following commands: – $ docker top – $ docker logs – $ docker inspect 46
  • 47.
    Other Commands • Dockercp: copy a file from container to host • Docker diff: print container changes • Docker top: display running processes in a container • Docker rm /rmi: delete container/image • Docker wait: wait until container stop and print exit code More on: http://docs.docker.io/en/latest/commandline/cli 47
  • 48.
  • 49.
    Steps 1. Build thedocker image via the docker file – $ docker build –t ouruser/biginsight:v ./ 1. Run the container – docker run -d –p --name biginsight –v /abs/install/path:/opt/ibm ouruser/biginsight:v /bin/sh path/to/install.sh This will mount the host directory, /abs/install/path, into the container at /opt/ibm 49
  • 50.
  • 51.
    Steps • There areseveral dockerfile that we can use – http://blog.sequenceiq.com/blog/2014/12/02/hadoop-2- 6-0-docker/ – https://github.com/sequenceiq?page=2&query=docker – https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/oddpoet/hbase-cdh5/ 51
  • 52.
    Docker vs Vagrant? •Less memory for Dockers w.r.t VMs • With a VM you get more isolation, but is much heavier. Indeed you can run 1000 of Dockers in a machine but not thousand of VMs with Xen. • A VM requires minutes to start a Docker seconds There are pros and cons for each type. • If you want full isolation with guaranteed resources a full VM is the way to go. • If you want hundred of isolate processes into a reasonably sized host then Docker might be the best solution 52
  • 53.
  • 54.
    CoreOS • A minimaloperating system • Painless updating: utilizes active/passive scheme to update the OS as single unit instead of package by package. • Docker container • Clustered by default • Distributed System tools: etcd key-value store • Service discovery: easily locate where service are running in the cluster • High availability and automatic fail-over 54
  • 55.
    CoreOS 55 Clustered by default Highavailability and a utomatic fail-over
  • 56.
    Docker with CoreOS Features •Automaticallyruns on each CoreOS machine •Updated with regular automatic OS updates •Integrates with etcd •Networking automatically configured Example Akka cluster + Docker + CoreOS https://github.com/dennybritz/akka- cluster-deploy 56
  • 57.
    References • http://www.iheavy.com/2014/01/16/how-to-deploy-on-amazon-ec2- with-vagrant/ • https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/ •Vagrant: Up and Running Paperback – June 15, 2013 • https://github.com/patrickdlee/vagrant-examples • https://linuxcontainers.org/ LXC • https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/ • http://lamejournal.com/2014/09/19/vagrant-vs-docker-osx-tales-front/ • https://medium.com/@_marcos_otero/docker-vs-vagrant-582135beb623 • https://coreos.com/using-coreos/docker/ 57

Editor's Notes