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Developing learning outcomes
This document provides guidance on developing learning outcomes and objectives using a backward design process. It recommends determining 4-8 learning outcomes by thinking backward from desired results, zooming out to core subject aspects, and considering influencing factors. Each outcome should then have 4-5 measurable learning objectives designed to demonstrate mastery, determined by zooming in to subject details and specifying actions students will take that can be measured as evidence of learning. The document provides examples and encourages applying this process to design outcomes and objectives for a specific subject or course.
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Similar to Developing learning outcomes
Developing learning outcomes
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- 2. HOW TO DEVELOPā¦ LE A R N I N G O U T C O M E S ā¢ Big picture goals ā¢ Skill, knowledge or ability targets ā¢ 4 to 8 outcomes L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S ā¢ Mastery of outcomes ā¢ Measurable activities ā¢ 4 to 5 objectives per outcome
- 4. LEARNING OUTCOMES THINK BACKWARDS Focuson desired knowledge & skills of student ZOOM OUT Zoom out to the core aspects of the subject CONSIDER INFLUENCES Consider other factors that affect outcomes 4 TO 8 OUTCOMES
- 5. THINK BACKWARDS Determine DESIREDRESULTS of student knowledge, performance, ability and/or attitude ā¢ What are the big ideas? ā¢ What enduring understandings are important? ā¢ What content is worthy of learning? ā¢ What should learners take away? UNDERSTANDING BY DESIGN BY MCTIGHE & WIGGINS http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/siteASCD/publications/ UbD_WhitePaper0312.pdf
- 6. ZOOM OUT Sequence learningevents with BROAD VIEW being first ā¢ Zoom out to general and fundamental level ā¢ Choose a few core aspects of the subject ā¢ Ensure aspects are interrelated ELABORATION THEORY BY REIGELUTH http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/elabor ation_theory.html
- 7. CONSIDER INFLUENCES Factors thatinfluence the formation of learning outcomes ā¢ Program and institutional goals ā¢ Industry demands ā¢ Student characteristics and prior learning ā¢ Good teaching and learning practices ā¢ Your notion of learning
- 8. Think Backwards Zoom Out COURSE: INTRODUCTIONTO MANAGEMENT Influences ā¢ Explore the many roles of managers within an organization ā¢ Business field ā¢ Trends in business & management ā¢ Environmental movement ā¢ College business program goals ā¢ Students lack of management experience ā¢ Real-world learning ā¢ Impact of external changes, such as globalization and environmental concerns EXAMPLE LEARNING OUTCOME ā¢ Illustrate how changes to the external environment impact an organization Big Idea Aspect of Subject
- 9. In a smallgroup, ā¢ Choose 1 subject/course ā¢ Determine 2 learning outcomes THINK BACKWARDS ZOOM OUT CONSIDER INFLUENCES
- 11. LEARNING OBJECTIVES MEASURE IT Chooseevidence to measure the objective has been met CAMERA, ACTION! Determine action students must take to achieve the objective 4 TO 5 OBJECTIVES per OUTCOME ZOOM IN Zoom in one or two levels to the details of the subject
- 12. ZOOM IN Sequencing oflearning events to move to next level of detail ā¢ Zoom in/drill down ONE or TWO LEVELS of subject ā¢ This level is the subparts of the whole picture ā¢ More detailed but not as much as learning activities or assessments ELABORATION THEORY BY REIGELUTH http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/elabor ation_theory.html
- 13. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE PSYCHOMOTOR Iknowā¦ I feelā¦ I performā¦ remember - recognize understand - explain apply - use analyze - compare evaluate - critique create ā produce receive - accept respond - discuss value - persuade organize - change internalize ā act perceive - identify set - begin guided response - copy mechanical - assemble overt response - build adapt - alter originate ā construct ACTION & MEASURE TYPES OF LEARNING BY BLOOM (Revised taxonomy) http://www.lbcc.edu/oas/documents/bloom_s-rev_3-09.pdf LEARNING DOMAINS - verb
- 14. Zoom In Action COURSE:INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT Measure ā¢ How to understand changes in the external environment ā¢ Report, list, discussion, blog ā¢ Examine, locate, recognize, discover EXAMPLE LEARNING OBJECTIVE ā¢ Examine the process of environmental scanning Level 2 of Subject Student Performs Evidence of Learning
- 15. In a smallgroup, ā¢ Compose 2 learning objectives per previously created outcomes ZOOM IN CAMERA, ACTION MEASURE IT Back to Action & Measure
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- 17. In a smallgroup, ā¢ Determine the 2 learning outcomes of this session ā¢ Provide 2 learning objectives per outcome
- 18. ANSWER TO ACTIVITY#3 Outcome #1 - To compose concise learning outcomes ā¢ To determine essential learning ā¢ To acknowledge influences on learning outcomes Outcome #2 - To develop learning objectives to master learning outcomes ā¢ To determine next level of subject details ā¢ To design a learning objective that active and measureable Learning Objectives Learning Objectives
- 19. SUMMARY L E AR N I N G O U T C O M E S ā¢ Big picture goals ā¢ Skill, knowledge or ability targets ā¢ 4 to 8 outcomes ā¢ Backward design ā¢ Zoom out ā¢ Consider influences L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S ā¢ Mastery of outcomes ā¢ Measurable activities ā¢ 4 to 5 objectives per outcome ā¢ Zoom in ā¢ Camera, Action ā¢ Measure It!
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