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Diabetes 101 Powerpoint.pptxDiabetes 101 Powerpoint.pptx
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- 2. Understand the: - Etiology -Pathophysiology - Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Learning Objectives
- 3. Fact or Fiction? Type1 diabetes is caused by eating too much sugar.
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- 5. How Does MyBody Use Fuel for Energy? • You consume food which is fuel for your body • Your body digests the food and turns it into glucose • Glucose gets into your bloodstream • Your pancreas provides your body with insulin • Insulin helps to get the glucose from your bloodstream into your cells • Your cells are then able to use the glucose for energy
- 6. • Hormone madeby your pancreas • Life-saving and life sustaining • Helps your body use glucose for energy Insulin Facts • Type 2 Diabetes: o Pancreas is not able to produce enough insulin o Body is resistant to using insulin • Type 1 Diabetes: o Pancreas is unable to produce insulin https://health.utah.edu/nutrition-integrative-physi ology/community-outreach/utah-center-communit y-nutrition/clinical-nutrition-resources
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- 8. Type 1 Diabetes •About 5 -10% of people with diabetes have Type 1 • Autoimmune disorder – Body attacks itself and destroys cells in pancreas which produce insulin • Pancreas is unable to produce insulin and cannot use glucose • Must inject themselves with insulin through shots or insulin pump • This is a blood glucose monitor used to measure blood sugar levels Warning Signs Warning signs and symptoms – Usually occurs suddenly • Excessive thirst • Frequent urination • Increased appetite • Rapid weight loss • Unexplained fatigue • High amounts of sugar in blood/urine
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- 10. Type 2 Diabetes •About 90-95% of people with diabetes have Type 2 o Was primarily diagnosed in older adults o Increasingly common in children and teenagers • Influenced heavily by lifestyle o Can make insulin but cannot make enough o Pancreas is not able to make enough insulin and/or the body doesn’t use it properly • Can be controlled through nutritious diet and regular physical activity
- 11. Warning Signs andSymptoms – Can occur slowly over time • Blurred vision • Tingling or numbness in legs, feet or fingers • Recurring skin, gum or urinary tract infections • Drowsiness • Slow healing of cuts and bruises • Any symptoms that occur with Type 1 diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Warning Signs
- 12. Why are Type2 Diabetes Numbers Rising? • Teenagers and children are spending more time being inactive o Video games o Television o Computers • Increased consumption of processed junk foods o Easy to access o Can be lower cost • Added sugars o Soda o Candy o Cookies o Ice Cream
- 13. Consequences of Diabetes •Having high and uncontrolled blood sugar can lead to many serious health issues o Blindness o Damage to circulation in hands and feet eventually leading to amputations o Kidney failure o Heart disease • Eating a healthy diet and regular physical activity o Helps with blood sugar levels in both Type 1 and Type 2 o People with Type 1 still need to take insulin
- 14. People with bothType 1 and Type 2 diabetes have to monitor their blood glucose How do they do this? • Give themselves finger sticks especially before & after meal times o For Type 1 – Lets them know how much insulin they need o For Type 2 – Lets them know what foods and activities affect their blood sugar Managing Blood Glucose High Blood Sugar • Extreme thirst, blurry vision, weakness or dizziness Low Blood Sugar • Dizziness, weakness or fainting
- 15. What is anA1C Test? • Blood test • Reported as a percentage • Tests what your blood sugar has been over the last 2-3 months • Is used to diagnose Type 1, Type 2 and pre-diabetes • Levels o Under 5.7% – Normal o 5.7%-6.4% – Pre-diabetes o 6.5% and above – Diabetes
- 16. • Diabetes occurswhen your blood sugar is higher than normal and affects how your body changes food into energy • Type 1 diabetes – Autoimmune disorder where the body attacks itself and destroys cells in pancreas which produce insulin • Type 2 diabetes – When the body either cannot make enough insulin or the body doesn’t use it properly • Diabetes numbers are on the rise because of - o Increased consumption of junk food o Added sugars o Inactivity • Eating a healthy diet and regular physical activity helps with blood sugar levels in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes Take Home Message
- 17. • Why isType 2 diabetes referred to as the “lifestyle” disease? What are the most common steps taken to try and control Type 2? • How does Type 1 diabetes differ from Type 2? • The number of cases of Type 2 diabetes is rising quickly in teenagers and even in children. What do you think is contributing to these increasing numbers in our culture? • What role does insulin play when it comes to Type 1 diabetes? • What is an A1C test? Discussion Questions In-Class Activity • Pancreas Appreciation Day Worksheet
- 18. All the sourcesfrom the current Crush Diabetes curriculum. American Diabetes Association (n.d.). Understanding A1C. Retrieved from https://www.diabetes.org/a1c Diabetes State Burden Toolkit. (2020). Retrieved from https://nccd.cdc.gov/Toolkit/DiabetesBurden/YLL Kidshealth (2020). Type 1 Diabetes: What is it? Retrieved from https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/type1.html References
Editor's Notes
- #1 Introduce the Topic: Diabetes 101
- #2 Go over the Learning Objectives for the day Hand out Diabetes 101 Worksheet for students to fill out during the presentation.
- #3 Fact or Fiction? Read the Statement. Answer: FICTION! Type 1 diabetes is primarily caused by an autoimmune response, where the body's own defense system attacks and damages the special cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Basically, the immune system gets mixed up and mistakenly harms the cells that are responsible for managing sugar levels in our body. Some people may have genes that make them more likely to have type 1 diabetes, and certain things in the environment can also trigger it.
- #4 We will now watch a short clip that dives in a little deeper about what diabetes is. Click on the link & play the video: What is Diabetes?
- #5 How Does Your Body Use Fuel for Energy? Go through the bulleted points top to bottom.
- #6 Play Insulin Video Insulin Facts: Go through facts about insulin and then talk about the two different types of diabetes.
- #7 Play Type 1 Diabetes video
- #8 Go through content on the slide about Type 1 Diabetes
- #9 Now, let's watch a clip about Type 2 Diabetes. Play video: Type 2 Diabetes
- #10 Go through content on the slide about Type 2 Diabetes
- #11 Talk about the Warning sign and symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
- #12 Does anyone know why Type 2 Diabetes numbers are rising? Teenagers and children are increasingly engaging in sedentary behaviors, such as playing video games, watching television, and using computers. Moreover, their consumption of processed junk foods has also risen. These foods are easily accessible, often affordable, and loaded with added sugars. Examples of such sugary treats include soda, candy, cookies, and ice cream.
- #13 Talk about the consequences of diabetes; consequences of having high, uncontrolled blood sugars; go through bullet points. Talk about what eating a healthy diet with regular physical activity does: Maintaining a regular and balanced eating pattern with healthy meals is crucial for stabilizing blood sugar levels. It is recommended to have at least three meals per day. Engaging in regular physical activity has a positive impact on blood sugar levels. When we are active, our muscles use glucose for energy, which helps to lower blood sugar levels. Physical activity also improves insulin sensitivity, allowing our bodies to use insulin more effectively. It is important to find activities that we enjoy and make them a part of our daily routine to help maintain healthy blood sugar levels.
- #14 Talk about the management of Type 1 and Type 2 and the differences in symptoms of a low and high blood sugar.
- #15 What is an A1C test? Read through bullet points
- #16 Recap: Go over take home message
- #17 Go through each discussion question. Answers below. Answers: Why is Type 2 referred to as the “lifestyle” disease? What are the most common steps taken to control Type 2? Type 2 diabetes is known as the lifestyle disease because the key factors that cause Type 2 diabetes are a poor diet and lack of exercise. If a person eats too much sugar or other unhealthy foods, it becomes increasingly more difficult for the body to do its job which is to produce enough insulin and to use the insulin that is produced correctly. The most common steps taken to control Type 2 are regular physical activity and a healthy diet. How does Type 1 diabetes differ from Type 2? Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder. For unknown reasons, the immune system of a person with Type 1 diabetes mistakenly attacks and destroys the Beta cells in their pancreas that produce insulin. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that can sometimes be controlled with a healthy diet and regular exercise. Being overweight, eating foods high in sugar and inactivity can significantly increase your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. The number of cases of Type 2 diabetes is rising quickly in teenagers and even in children. What do you think is contributing to these increasing numbers in our culture? Our increasingly sedentary lifestyles are contributing to the rise in diabetes. There is more time inside playing video games or watching television instead of playing sports and other physical activities. Also, the types of food that we eat, and portion sizes have changed over the past 50 years. Much of the food we now eat is highly processed and fast food is at our fingertips. This means that there are extra additives and sugar in many packaged foods. The combination of these two elements is leading to the increase of Type 2 diabetes. What role does insulin play when it comes to Type 1 diabetes? Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the pancreas is unable to produce insulin. Therefore, those with Type 1 must take insulin shots so that their bodies can use food as energy. What is an A1C test? An A1C test is a blood test which tests what your blood sugar has been over the last 2-3 months. It is often used to diagnose Type 1, Type 2, and pre-diabetes. Hand out Pancreas Appreciation Day Worksheet