Diagramatic and graphical representation of data Notes on Statistics.ppt
- 2. •Diagrams are an essential operational tool for the purpose of presentation of statistical data. They are objects, mainly geometrical figures such as lines, circles, bars, etc. •Statistics elaborated with the help of diagrams make it easier and simpler, thereby enhancing the representation of any type of data.
- 3. Diagrammatic Representation of Data Representation of data assisted by diagrams to increase the simplicity of the statistics surrounding the concerned data is defined as diagrammatic representation of data. These diagrams are nothing but the use of geometrical figures to improve the overall presentation and offer visual assistance for the reader.
- 4. Types of Diagrams used in Data Presentation The type of diagram suitable for data presentation solely depends on the particular dataset and its statistical elements. There are multiple types of diagrams used in data presentation. They can be broadly categorized in the following types of one-dimensional diagrams – a. Line Diagram A Line diagram is used to represent a specific data across a varying parameter. A line represents the sequence of data connected together against a particular variable.
- 5. Properties of Line Diagram • The Lines can be used in vertical and horizontal directions. • They may or may not have uniform scaling • The line connecting the data points state the statistical representation of data.
- 6. b. Bar Diagram Bar Diagram is used mostly for comparison of statistical data. It is one of the most straightforward representation of data with the use of rectangular objects of equal width. Properties of Bar Diagram The Bars can be used in vertical and horizontal directions. These Bars all have a uniform width. All the Bars have a common base. The height of the Bar usually corresponds to the required value.
- 7. c. Pie Chart For the statistical representation of data, the sectors of a circle are used as the data points of a particular dataset. A sector is the area of a circle formed by the several divisions done by the radii of the same circle.
- 8. Advantages of Diagrammatic Presentation There are several advantages in the presentation of data with the various types of diagrams. They are – 1. Makes it Much Easier to Understand • Presentation of data with the help of diagrams makes easier for everybody to understand, which thereby makes it easier to grasp the statistics behind the data presented. • Diagrammatic data presentation is quite common in newspapers, magazines and even in advertising campaigns so that the common mass is able to understand what the data is trying to reveal.
- 9. 2. Presentation is much Simpler With the help of diagrams, presentation of extreme values – extensive unstable data as well as small complicated data complex can be simplified exponentially. 3. Comparison operations are more Interactive Datasets which require comparison of its elements in between themselves use the application of diagrams for representation. Not only the presentation is attractive, but it is also the ideal of showcasing a comparison in statistics.
- 10. 4. Accepted Universally Every academic and professional field, let it be Economics, Commerce, Science, Engineering, Statistics, etc. make the use of diagrams across the world. Hence, this metric of data presentation is universally accepted. 5. Improves the Representation of Data as a Whole Statistics are incomplete if diagrams and tables that are not implemented for the presentation of data. Hence, the use of diagrams helps in the overall statistical concept of data representation.
- 11. Graphical Representation Graphical representation refers to the use of intuitive charts to clearly visualize and simplify data sets. Data is ingested into graphical representation of data software and then represented by a variety of symbols, such as lines on a line chart, bars on a bar chart, or slices on a pie chart, from which users can gain greater insight than by numerical analysis alone.
- 13. Representational graphics can quickly illustrate general behavior and highlight phenomenon, anomalies, and relationships between data points that may otherwise be overlooked, and may contribute to predictions and better, data-driven decisions. The types of representational graphics used will depend on the type of data being explored.
- 14. Types of Graphical Representation Data charts are available in a wide variety of maps, diagrams, and graphs that typically include textual titles and legends to denote the purpose, measurement units, and variables of the chart. Choosing the most appropriate chart depends on a variety of different factors -- the nature of the data, the purpose of the chart, and whether a graphical representation of qualitative data or a graphical representation of quantitative data is being depicted.
- 15. Bar Graph -- contains a vertical axis and horizontal axis and displays data as rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent; a useful visual aid for marketing purposes Choropleth -- thematic map in which an aggregate summary of a geographic characteristic within an area is represented by patterns of shading proportionate to a statistical variable Flow Chart -- diagram that depicts a workflow graphical representation with the use of arrows and geometric shapes; a useful visual aid for business and finance purposes Heatmap -- a colored, two-dimensional matrix of cells in which each cell represents a grouping of data and each cell’s color indicates its relative
- 16. Histogram – frequency distribution and graphical representation uses adjacent vertical bars erected over discrete intervals to represent the data frequency within a given interval; a useful visual aid for meteorology and environment purposes Line Graph – displays continuous data; ideal for predicting future events over time; a useful visual aid for marketing purposes Pie Chart -- shows percentage values as a slice of pie; a useful visual aid for marketing purposes Pointmap -- CAD & GIS contract mapping and drafting solution that visualizes the location of data on a map by plotting geographic latitude and longitude data Scatter plot -- a diagram that shows the relationship between two sets of data, where each dot represents individual pieces of data and each axis represents a
- 17. Stacked Bar Graph -- a graph in which each bar is segmented into parts, with the entire bar representing the whole, and each segment representing different categories of that whole; a useful visual aid for political science and sociology purposes Timeline Chart -- a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it that display a list of events in chronological order, a useful visual aid for history charting purposes Tree Diagram -- a hierarchical genealogical tree that illustrates a family structure; a useful visual aid for history charting purposes Venn Diagram -- consists of multiple overlapping usually circles, each representing a set; the default inner join graphical representation
- 18. Advantages and Disadvantages of Graphical Representation of Data Tabular and graphical representation of data are a vital component in analyzing and understanding large quantities of numerical data and the relationship between data points. Data visualization is one of the most fundamental approaches to data analysis, providing an intuitive and universal means to visualize, abstract, and share complex data patterns. The primary advantages of graphical representation of data are:
- 19. Facilitates and improves learning: graphics make data easy to understand and eliminate language and literacy barriers Understanding content: visuals are more effective than text in human understanding Flexibility of use: graphical representation can be leveraged in nearly every field involving data Increases structured thinking: users can make quick, data-driven decisions at a glance with visual aids
- 20. Supports creative, personalized reports for more engaging and stimulating visual presentations Improves communication: analyzing graphs that highlight relevant themes is significantly faster than reading through a descriptive report line by line Shows the whole picture: an instantaneous, full view of all variables, time frames, data behavior and relationships
- 21. Disadvantages of graphical representation of data typically concern the cost of human effort and resources, the process of selecting the most appropriate graphical and tabular representation of data, greater design complexity of visualizing data, and the potential for human bias.
- 22. Importance of Graphical Representation of Data Graphic visual representation of information is a crucial component in understanding and identifying patterns and trends in the ever increasing flow of data. Graphical representation enables the quick analysis of large amounts of data at one time and can aid in making predictions and informed decisions. Data visualizations also make collaboration significantly more efficient by using familiar visual metaphors to illustrate relationships and highlight meaning, eliminating complex, long-winded explanations of an otherwise chaotic-looking array of figures.
- 23. Data only has value once its significance has been revealed and consumed, and its consumption is best facilitated with graphical representation tools that are designed with human cognition and perception in mind. Human visual processing is very efficient at detecting relationships and changes between sizes, shapes, colors, and quantities. Attempting to gain insight from numerical data alone, especially in big data instances in which there may be billions of rows of data, is exceedingly cumbersome and inefficient.