Difference Between Islamic Banking And Conventional Banking By Dr. Maulana Ejaz Ahmad Samadan

IL MI B O SH B (s mi okh bw rpes o )
S A C O K U ia c o su .od rscm
l b .

http://islamicbookshub.wordpress.com/

1

Difference between Islamic
And
Conventional Banking

Dr.Maulana Ejaz Ahmad Samadani
Lecturer Jamia Darul Uloom Karachi

Maktaba Kamilpooray
Karachi.
Ph: 021-4966565


3

Contents

Current Islamic banking is not ideal 07

It's all the same 08

Islamic banks should not earn profit 10

Why is there an outward resemblance? 11

An Example of a Conventional Bank 12

The Two Basic Sides of Banking Transactions 13

Comparison between conventional and Islamic
banking transactions on the asset side 14

Murabaha 16

Signing a Facility Agreement 16

Purchasing the desired goods 16

Taking possession of the purchased goods and
informing the bank 17

Execution of Murabaha 18


4
The Difference between Murabaha and an
Interest Based Loan. 18

Ijarah 21

Operating lease 21

Financial lease 22

Defects in Conventional lease 22

How are these defects been eliminated in
Islamic Banks. 23

Difference between Ijarah and Conventional
Lease. 24

Diminishing Musharakah 26

Check & Balance System 28

Clarification 28

Some important Issues 28

First Issue: Undertaking from the client. 29

Second issue: Collection of Sadqah 30

Third Issue: Using the interest rate as
a benchmark 34

We should also search for an Alternative! 35


5
The Difference between Islamic Banks
and Conventional Banks on the Liability Side 36

The Current account of Conventional Banks and
Islamic Banks are identical to each other 36

The difference in the other accounts 37

An Islamic Bank cannot fix the profit in advance 39

It is not correct to declare an individuals fault,
a fault of the system 40

The Method of acquiring the correct facts 40

Some aspects that require Attention 41


6

Times have changed and are continuing to change at an
exceptionally fast pace. No one can deny that advancements in the
fields of science and technology have not impacted his or her life.
However these revolutionary changes are taking place in every walk
of life. The field of economics is no exception. It has witnessed
tremendous development in a short span of time making it highly
advanced and intricate. Hedge funds, derivatives, usage of different
indices and bench marks, similarly the whole modern Banking systems
is the result of advancement in the field of Economics.

It is heartening to learn that Islamic banking is growing not only
in our country but throughout the world at a very healthy pace. As a
result, new Islamic banks are emerging on the horizon and many
conventional banks are also establishing their Islamic banking units.
This change not only fortifies the fact that Islam is a religion which
has the full potential to provide solutions for the latest issues and
problems even fourteen centuries after its advent, but it also shows
a new resilience on part of the Muslims to practice Islam in all spheres
of their lives specially in issues relating to the financial matters.


7
Current Islamic banking is not ideal

A common question which arises about current Islamic Banking
system is that this system has failed to deliver those benefits to the
society which should be a part and parcel of an Islamic economic
system. Hence the Shariah credibility of the whole system is
questionable. The observation is correct to great extent; however it
still does not make the current Islamic banking system impermissible.

It is a reality which no one belonging to the circle of Shariah Scholars
deny that the benefits of Islamic economic system will not become
truly obvious until and unless the whole package of Islamic injections
pertaining to the financial welfare of the society are not properly
implemented. This means that trade and business should be mainly
conducted on the basis of Musharakah and Mudarabah and
simultaneously the other tools which Islam has provided for distribution
of wealth like Zakat, Ushr, Charity and Inheritance should be properly
applied. If this is done there is no reason that we will not observe a
significant positive change. However, this does not mean that use of
any other mode of trade and business except from Mudarabah and
Musharakah is totally disallowed by Shariah. If trading is conducted
in any form which compiles to the principles of Shariah then there is
no reason to call it impermissible. Hence if Islamic banks are using
Murabaha, Ijarah, and Diminishing Musharakah etc, as modes of
finance within the framework and principles of Shariah then it is not
correct to state that this is Haram and impermissible merely due to
the fact that these modes are not based on Mudarabah and Musharakah.
However Islamic banks should put their sincere efforts in promoting
Musharakh and Mudarabah as modes of finance because these are
those ideal modes of finance which create a more balanced system
for distribution of wealth.


8

It's all the same

Some people argue that Murabaha and Ijarah is not being used
in Islamic banks according to the principles of Shariah, in fact interest
based transactions have been disguised in Islamic names and merely
changing the name does not change Shariah ruling. This means that
current Islamic banking is actually same as conventional Banking
with only the changes of name.

The fact is that they have come up to this conclusion by merely looking
at the end result of a financial transaction whether it was executed
through conventional mode of financing or an Islamic mode of
financing. They observe that if a person gets a loan of Rs.100,000
from a conventional bank and pays off Rs. 110,000 after a year, the
same may hold true for a person who gets Rs. 100,000 Murabaha or
Ijarah financing from an Islamic Bank and returns Rs. 110,000 after
a year. Since in both cases both end up giving same amount of money
there is no difference between the two. However, this argument is not
correct according to Shariah. Shariah Scholars are unanimous on the
fact that if the end result of two transactions is same it does not
necessarily mean that Shariah ruling about them is also same. The
basic reason behind this is that the ruling of Shariah depends on the
essence of the transaction and not on the end result. This could be
understood through a simple example that a person prepares two dishes
by using exactly the same type of recipe and cooking technique which
give both the dishes same look and taste. The only difference is that
meat taken for one dish was from the goat on which Allah's name was
taken while slaughtering it and the meat for second dish was taken
from the goat on which Allah's name was purposely not taken. No
Muslim who knows this will term the second dish Halal or vice versa
the first dish Haram due the fact that they look and taste exactly


9
similar. Same could be said about two different couples living together,
both fulfilling their social responsibilities towards their respective
partners. The only difference between the two is that the first couple
is living together after a Nikkah was solemnized between the two,
while the second couple is living outside wedlock. Shariah deems that
living together of the first couple as not only permissible but a basis
of blessing from Allah. While living together of the second couple is
not only impermissible in the eyes of Shariah but is also the basis of
attracting wrath of Allah. In the above example the worldly and social
benefits attained by both the couples are totally same however the
Shariah ruling about them is totally opposite. The reason for this is
obvious that although the end result is the same but the essence on
which each relationship is based is different.

In a similar fashion a person getting an interest based loan from
a conventional bank and a person purchasing an asset through Murabaha
may look same with respect to the financial end result but both the
transactions differ in their essence and consequently in their Shariah
ruling. Therefore, it is unjustifiable to call both the transaction as same
merely due to the fact that their financial end result is same.

The Kuffars of Makkah made the same mistakes while not being
able to differentiate between a Riba transaction and a sale
transaction as the Holy Quran quotes them, they said
''Sale is like Riba" which means that just as in a Riba
transaction, excess is received on the actual loan investment, in a sale
transaction a seller also receives an excess on his sale investment
which means that keeping in view the end result both look similar
then why one is Halal and other is Haram?
The answer to their argument has been given in a majestic
manner “ " Allah has permitted sale and forbidden
Riba" stressing the fact that Allah's commands are to be followed in


10
every instance whether a person could understand it's logic or not. It
becomes quite obvious that the end result of the two transactions could
not be made the criteria here as it is apparently the same.

However both the transactions differ in essence and this is actually
the basis of one transaction made permissible and the other
impermissible.

Islamic banks should not earn profit

Some people are of the view that Islamic banks should be nonprofit
organizations and should do banking on the basis of Qarz-e-hasan and
if Islamic banks will also earn profit just like conventional banks earns
profit, then what's the difference between the two.

It seems that according to this view if Islamic banking is done on the
basis of Qarz-e-hasan then only it is permissible. There is no doubt
that the idea is quite noble and could be achieved by
forming special trusts and nonprofit institutions for this purpose.
However, it is unrealistic to expect banks to adopt this structure. Banks
are formed with a clear profit motive just like any other business and
they are not charitable organizations. Moreover Shariah allows earning
profit through permissible means whether through business, trade,
service or any other permissible way. Therefore, if Islamic banks are
earning profit through permissible modes of finance then it should be
acceptable and merely due to this similarity can Islamic banking be
termed impermissible?

Supposedly if this rule is applied then all permissible businesses
should be Haram as they resemble impermissible businesses in earning
profit.


11
Why is there an outward resemblance

Some people say, “The profit rate given by Islamic banks on
deposits is quite similar to the interest rate given by conventional
banks to their depositors. This resemblance makes it clear that both
systems are the same”

These people are ignorant of the fact that the Shariah has not
based the permissibility or impermissibility of a transaction on the
amount of profit earned from it. The determination of the rate of profit
has been left to be mutually decided by the parties of a transaction.
Therefore, if an Islamic bank gives its depositor an amount of profit
that resembles the rate of interest that conventional banks give to their
depositor, why should it be a point of objection?

Let us go a little deeper into the matter and try to understand why
this resemblance is found. Islamic banks are currently using Murabaha,
Ijarah, Diminishing Musharakah, Salam and lstisna’ as modes of
financing. In all these modes of financing , the bank essentially
purchases an item and sells it or leases it out to the client on a fixed
profit.

Presently, Islamic banking is operating as a parallel system in
addition to the conventional banking system and the competition
between the two is at its peak. Generally, Islamic banks try to make
a similar amount of profit on their Ijarah and Murabaha transactions
as conventional banks do on their interest based loans to make it easy
for customers to trade with them and encourage them towards Islamic
banking. If Islamic banks turn their sight away from the prevalent
market rates and charge a higher effective rate than the criticism would
be that Islamic banks are too expensive and impractical. On the other
hand, if they provide their service at a very cheap rate, the depositors


12
would complain of receiving very small profits as compared to the
interest that depositors gain from conventional banks.

Hence, in order to safeguard themselves from these questions, to
challenge the existing parallel conventional system and to encourage
people to incline towards Islamic banking, Islamic banks try to acquire
a similar rate of return on their profit based financing. And it follows
from this that the amount of profit that an Islamic bank makes and
distributes to their depositor will also be similar to the interest that a
conventional bank gives to its depositors. This is the background
towards this outer resemblance, but as mentioned above, if the method
adopted is correct then merely because of this resemblance, the system
cannot be rendered impermissible.

An Example of a Conventional Bank

Now let us analyze the impermissible aspects of a conventional
bank so that it is easy for us to understand the difference between a
conventional and an Islamic bank.

As far as the financing activities of conventional banks are
concerned, they are primarily interest based. Conventional banks
essentially provide money to their clients on a condition that they
would return a higher amount to the bank. Their leasing product,
however, requires more explanation which will be clarified in the
section on leasing.

It is clear that interest based transactions are impermissible and
totally prohibited. Hence, the financial transactions of conventional
interest based banks are not permissible according to the Shariah.
However, transactions/services such as remittances, charges of
permissible services etc. are not against the principles of the Shariah.


13
Hence, providing such services and charging an appropriate fee for
them may be allowed.

In other words, a conventional interest based bank is like a
supermarket in which both Halal and Haram commodities are on sale.
It has pork and wine being sold at one section as well as fruits and
vegetables being sold at another section.

In such a situation, it is clear that one should never conclude that
all the transactions of the super market are contrary to the Shariah.
Rather, in such a situation a fair and just view would be that some of
the transactions of this super market are impermissible while others
are permissible according to the Shariah.

The argument presented above makes it clear that a conventional
bank is not entirely unislamic. People who consider conventional
banks as nests of completely impermissible transactions and state that
they have no place at all in the teaching of Shariah are infact mistaken.

Now that we know that some of the transactions of conventional
banks are permissible, it is not necessary for us to search for Shariah
complaint alternatives for such transactions. We only need to find
practical Shariah compliant solutions for those transactions which are
contrary to the principles of the Shariah.

The Two Basic Sides of Banking Transactions

The financial transactions of a bank are generally divided in two
sides;

1. The Asset side – This side of a bank’s transactions refers to the
financing facilities that the banks provide to their clients. For


14
instance, a conventional bank provides financing to its clients by
giving them interest based loans where as an Islamic bank provides
financing to its client based on profit based financing such as Murabaha,
Ijarah, Salam, Istisna etc.

2. The Liability side – This side of a bank’s transactions refers
to the deposit and investment facilities that the bank provides to its
clients. A conventional bank accepts deposits from its client and
forwards them on interest to other clients who require financing. The
interest that accrues on such a transaction is distributed amongst the
depositors and the bank. On the other hand, an Islamic bank receives
deposits on the basis of Musharakah or Mudharabah and invest these
fund in a Shariah compliant manner. The profit that is earned on such
a transaction is thereafter shared amongst the bank and the depositors
based on a pre agreed profit sharing ratio. (this will be explained in
more detail later on InshaAllah)

Comparison between conventional and Islamic banking
transactions on the asset side

A conventional bank’s transactions on the asset side include
financing on interest. It is clear that the underline transaction of all
such financing, is an interest based loan no matter what purpose the
client may have taken this facility for. An Islamic bank, on the other
hand, provides financing facilities based on different transactions
depending on the requirements of its clients. The following are the
three common types of transactions used to provide financing facilities:

1. Murabaha
2. Ijarah
3. Diminishing Musharakah


15
In addition to the above, sometimes Salam and Istisna are also
used to provide financing facilities.

Come; let us now discuss the transactions of Islamic banks in
some detail.


16
Murabaha

Murabaha is a type of sale in which the seller informs the buyer
about the cost at which he would acquire the goods and the amount
of profit that he would sell the goods at to the buyer.

In other words, together with all the other conditions of a valid
sale, the seller is obliged to fulfill one more condition which is to
disclose his cost and the amount of profit he would make on the
transaction.

Murabaha transactions, that are concluded in Islamic banks
comprise of the following stages.

1. Signing a Facility Agreement

In the first stage, the client and the bank arrive at a mutual
understanding of the transactions that would commence and sign a
general agreement or facility agreement. The limit of the amount at
which the client will purchase goods from the bank, the profit that the
bank will make on these goods, the method of payment of these goods
etc. are amongst those aspects that are agreed upon in this agreement.
(It should be noted that this is not the Murabaha transaction. It is
merely a memorandum of understanding or a general framework for
the transaction that would follow.)

2. Purchasing the desired goods

Thereafter the bank purchases the goods from the market that it
would later sell to the customer.

At this point, the Islamic bank either purchases the desired goods


17
form the market itself or appoints an agent other than the client to
purchase these goods. However, in case of necessity the client himself
may be appointed as an agent of the bank to purchase the goods from
the market on behalf of the bank. (See: Shariah Standard by AAOIFI)

From this we understand that it is not necessary for the client to
be appointed as the bank’s agent and neither does the Islamic bank
stipulates that it would only sell goods to the client if the client agrees
to become its agent. In fact, if circumstances do not allow the bank
or an agent of the bank other then client to purchase the goods, only
then can the Islamic bank appoint its client as an agent to purchase
the goods. However, currently Islamic banks generally appoint their
clients as their agents to purchase goods on their behalf. The client
also prefers to purchase the goods themselves as the bank or a third
party client may not be aware of their exact requirements. Infact, there
is a strong possibility that the required goods purchased by the bank
or the third party client may not fulfill the requirements of the client
and the client may reject the goods. In such a situation, if the supplier
refuses to take the goods back, the Islamic bank would suffer a heavy
monetary loss. Therefore, with the mutual agreement of both parties,
the client can be appointed as an agent to purchase the goods on behalf
of the bank.

3. Taking possession of the purchased goods and informing the
Islamic bank

If the client himself is appointed as the agent of the bank to
purchase on its behalf then, he is supposed to take possession of the
goods after purchasing the required goods and inform the bank
accordingly. According to the Shariah, the possession taken by an
agent is considered as possession taken by the principal. Hence, these
goods are now in possession of the principal, which is the bank and


18
all the rules pertaining to possession would take effect immediately.
At this point if these goods are destroyed without any negligence on
part of the client, then the bank would have to bear this loss. The client
can not be held responsible for such a loss. Similarly if the goods are
being imported from a foreign country, the risk of the goods being
destroyed lies with the Islamic bank until the goods reach the country
of import, and are sold to the client. In case of destruction the bank
would have to bear the loss.

4. Execution of Murabaha

After purchasing the required goods as a bank’s agent the client
offers to purchase these goods from the bank at a certain price which
clearly states the cost of the bank and its profit. The client agrees to
pay for the goods either immediately or according to a particular
schedule. When the bank accepts this offer, the Murabaha transaction
is concluded and the client becomes responsible to pay the amount
agreed upon to the bank. The bank acquires some collateral from the
client as a guarantee for the payment of this amount.

This is the gist of the transaction that has been named Murabaha
in Islamic banks. The different stages of Murabaha mentioned above
are not against the Shariah or they are impermissible. However, it’s
the responsibility of the Islamic banks to execute Murabaha with the
above mentioned details & conditions.

The Difference between Murabaha and an Interest Based
Loan.

The above explanation clarifies the fact that there is a world of
difference between the Murabaha transaction and the conventional
interest based loan.


19
A conventional bank advances cash on the basis of a loan against
which it earns an interest. As these funds are advanced on the basis
of a loan the bank does not bear any risk of loss on these funds. On
the other hand, an Islamic bank first purchases an item and by taking
its possession, assumes the risk of that item. Thereafter, the bank sells
it at a specified profit. This transaction is same as that of a shopkeeper
who purchases goods and sells them in his shop at a specific mark-
up. The only difference is that a normal shopkeeper does not generally
discloses the cost and profit to his customer (this sale is called
Mussawamah), whereas an Islamic bank discloses its cost and mark-
up in Murabaha.

According to a verse of the Holy Quran, sale is permissible
whereas interest is prohibited:

Translation: ”and Allah has permitted sale and prohibited interest.”

As Murabaha is also a type of sale and the Holy Quran has
permitted sale transactions (buying and selling), Murabaha transactions
are also permitted, provided that the required conditions are adhered
to.

The logical reasoning for the permissibility of Murabaha is that
the Islamic bank assumes the risk of the subject matter of the sale and
it is a law of the Shariah that the one who assumes the risk of an item
is eligible to earn a profit from that item.

It should be kept in mind that “risk” refers to the risk associated
with the subject matter of the sale and not the risk of default by a
client. The risk of default by the client is found in every transaction


20
but no expert of Shariah has permitted any transaction based on this
risk to date. However if by assuming a risk, the risk of default of the
client is considered to be meant, then there would be no transaction
in the world that would be impermissible whereas there are many
transactions that are impermissible in the light of the clear rulings of
the Quran and Hadith.


21
Ijarah

Ijarah in the terminology of Shariah is called to hire a specific thing
or a person for a permissible purpose against specific remuneration.

Ijarah is basically of two types.

1. Ijarah of an asset

To rent out something which is called leasing in English and in
the terminology of Fiqh it is called

2. Ijarah of a person

To hire ones services for a specific remuneration, it is usually
referred in English as employment, while in the terminology of Fiqh
it is called as

Ijarah of an asset or lease is further of two types:

1. Financial lease
2. Operating lease

Operating lease

Operating lease is the Ijarah done commonly in which a person
or an institution leases its specific asset for a specific period against
a specific rent, and after the expiry of the period the asset is
returned back to the owner. For example renting out a house or a
shop or any item of daily usage like tent, speaker system etc. This
type of Ijarah is in practice since long.


22
Financial lease

The type of Ijarah which is used in the banks is the finance lease.
This type of lease was adopted as a form of capital investment and
Ijarah was used as a tool of financing. The asset is leased out for a
specific period like 3-5 years in which the lessor receives the principal
with the profit of the asset in the shape of rent and after the lease
period the ownership is transferred to the client or lessee.

Defects in Conventional lease

The finance lease in practice in the conventional banks has the
following the Shariah defects.

1) The agreement comprises of sale and lease contracts since the
installments paid by the client is initially considered as rent, while at
the end of the lease period it is supposed to be the price of the asset
and the ownership is automatically transferred from the institution to
client without any further contract.

If such transaction is analyzed in the light of Shariah it will be
considered that the client asks the institution in such a manner that "I
will take this car on rent with the condition that at the end of lease
period I will be the owner of the car against the rental paid.

"Islamic jurisprudence will consider this transaction as
or two contracts tied in a contract which is not permissible. Such a
transaction is clearly prohibited in the Hadith (see 398/,
Nasai # 4629, Tabrani al Awsat # 1633)

2) All the liabilities of the leased asset are borne by the lessee, where
as the Shariah only imposes the liabilities on lessee which are regarding


23
to the usage of the asset. For example in a car the lessee’s liability is
to make service, change the oil, etc, while the liabilities regarding the
ownership are the responsibility of the lessor, like paying ownership
taxes and the maintenance of asset if it is defected/destroyed without
the negligence of the lessee.

3) Rentals are charged from the lessee even before the asset is delivered
to the lessee while Shariah does not allow to charge any rental unless
the asset in working condition is handed over to the lessee.

How are these defects being eliminated in Islamic banks?

These defects have been eliminated in the Ijarah product, designed
for the Islamic banks in the following manner.

1) During the lease period only rental contract is signed between the
client and the bank. Hence the asset remains in the ownership of the
bank from beginning to the end of Ijarah. At the end of Ijarah after
handing over the asset back to the owner, the client is given an option
that he might purchase the car through a separate sale contract.

2) It is clearly mentioned in the Ijarah contract that the liabilities
regarding “Minor Maintenance” will be borne by the lessee while the
ownership expenses like tax, takaful, defects in case of accident will
be borne by the bank. This is what Shariah requires.

3) The bank does not charge any rent unless the asset is handed over
to lessee.

A little detail is needed to understand the third point.

Whenever a client comes to the bank for the lease of a car or


24
machinery usually the Ijarah agreement is not executed on that day.
Rather the bank books the car, and after some time when the car is
ready it is handed over to the client and Ijarah comes into existence.

The rentals of the leased asset in Ijarah usually starts when the
asset is handed over to the client, and since the asset to be delivered
usually takes some time, occasionally clients demand to pay some
amount from the beginning for his convenience.

Islamic Banks are instructed not to take rentals unless the leased
asset is handed over to the client, but if the client demands and wants
to give some amount from the beginning then the bank may take it as
on account basis. These amounts will not be rentals nor can be treated
as income rather it will be on trust basis, which will result if Ijarah
is not executed between the bank and the client, the bank will return
the amount to the client, while the conventional banks treat this amount
as their income from the beginning.

The above detail clears the difference between the procedure of
Islamic banks and the conventional banks, and also clears the argument
made by some people that there is no difference between them, as
some Islamic banks also take rentals from the very first day.

Difference between Ijarah and Conventional Lease.

A common argument is also given that Islamic banks in Ijarah
say that they bear the risk of the leased asset, but like conventional
banks, Islamic banks also insure their leased asset. Therefore, whatever
loss occurs, it will be the loss of insurance company.

The answer to this argument is that first of all, Islamic banks do
not insure their asset from the conventional insurance companies,


25
rather they are bound to have their agreements from Islamic insurance
or Takaful. Conventional insurance is not permissible since it consist
of Interest, Gambling & Uncertainty, while in Islamic Takaful these
impermissible elements have been removed.

Secondly although the conventional bank insures its asset, but in
case of loss if the claim amount is insufficient, the bank does not bear
the loss and recovers it from the lessee. On the other hand in case of
loss if the amount of claim from the takaful company is insufficient,
the Islamic bank bears this loss by itself and is not recovered from
the client rather it hands over the security deposit back to the client.

This difference clears the fact that the conventional bank does
not consider itself as the owner of the asset nor it is ready to bear the
liabilities of the leased asset while the procedure adopted by the Islamic
banks proves that they consider themselves as the owner and bear the
ownership liabilities.


26
Diminishing Musharakah

The third common product of financing used in the Islamic banks
is Diminishing Musharakah. This product is generally used for home
financing, therefore, it is also known as' Home Musharakah'

The Procedure of this product consists of three stages.

1) In the first stage the Islamic bank and the client jointly buy a house
in which usually the share of the Islamic bank is greater than the
clients share. For example a house is jointly bought by the client and
the bank in such a manner that the share of the bank is 80% in the
property and the share of the client is 20%.

2) Banks share is divided into small units. For instance in the above
example, the banks ownership of 80% share will be divided into 80
units and the client will gradually purchase these units, which will
result in an increase in the client’s ownership and decrease in the
bank’s ownership.

3) As the client wishes to use the bank’s share, a separate rent agreement
is executed between the bank and the client, through which the client
uses the banks share and pays a certain rent. But as mentioned above,
the client gradually purchases the bank’s ownership share, the rent
amount also gradually decreases until the client becomes the sole
owner of the property.

Hence, there are three stages in this procedure.
1) A property bought jointly.
2) A partner (bank) rents out its share to the other (client).
3) Client gradually purchases the share of the bank.


27
All three stages mentioned above are of course permissible according
to Shariah. The question which arises is that, either is it permissible
to gather these three stages in a single agreement. The answer to this
is that if two to more transactions are linked with each other in such
a manner that they are conditional to each other, then it is not
permissible.

But if the transactions are not linked to each other in such a manner
that if one of them is terminated the other transactions are terminated
automatically then it is permissible. In Diminishing Musharakah none
of the transactions are conditional to others, rather the client himself
promises unilaterally that after partnership he will gradually buy the
banks share.

It might be objected that the undertaking of the client to purchase the
banks share is similar to make a condition in a sale. This is because,
the bank from the first stage knows that the client will purchase the
banks share, therefore it should be considered as conditional.

It may be replied that making a transaction conditional for the
validity of the other transaction is different from making a unilateral
undertaking. Conditional transactions mean that one will be considered
complete when the other is fulfilled.

For example Khalid says to Ahmad that I will sell my car with
the condition that you will rent your house to me. It means the sale
of the car will be completed when Ahmad leases his house to Khalid.
This is prohibited by Shariah as it consist of uncertainty, but if a
transaction is not conditional and only undertaking is done then the
transactions will not be considered conditional and a transaction
will not be dependent on the other. Therefore in the product of house
financing of the Islamic banks it cannot be said that the purchase of


28
the house jointly by the bank and the client is dependent on the promise
of the client, rather the client in future fulfills his promise or not, the
transaction of purchasing the house will take place. Although the client
will be enforced to fulfill his promise, if he excuses do so. But because
of his breach of promise the transaction executed will not be considered
as void automatically. It can be said therefore, that the product of
house financing in Islamic banks is not contrary to Shariah principles.

Check & Balance System

To check whether the transactions in the Islamic banks are in
accordance with principles of Shariah, every Islamic bank or the
Islamic branch of the conventional bank has a Shariah Advisor which
is usually a prompt Shariah Scholar who not only advises the bank
on their entire products but also supervises the operational procedures.

Clarification

Fair amount of details of the current modes of financing in the
Islamic bank has been mentioned. We will now discuss some common
issues in all the modes of financing.

Some important Issues

The common issues in the modes of financing in Islamic banks
are as follows:

1) Before purchasing the asset like property or car, the bank takes a
unilateral promise form the client that he will purchase or take on
Ijarah after the bank purchases the asset. This promise is although
unilateral and is only from the client but it is binding, therefore, do


29
the Shariah principles allow taking such a promise?

2) At the time of agreement the client undertake that in case of late
payment it will give some amount in charity which will be consumed
by the bank in charity purposes. Can an Islamic bank take such an
undertaking?

3) The Islamic banks use the conventional benchmark to allocate their
profit or rent. What is the ruling of Shariah in this regard?

First Issue: Undertaking from the client

The first issue is that after the inclination from the client the bank
before purchasing the commodity from the market takes an undertaking
from the client that he will afterwards purchase it on Murabaha basis
or will take it on lease on Ijarah basis from the bank. The question
arises whether it is permissible to take such promise, and if it is
permissible, can it be called a binding promise according to Shariah
principles?

As far as the undertaking is concerned there is no objection in
this regard. It is similar to an example like Khalid has a bookshop,
Zaid approaches him for a book which he does not have. Khalid
informs Zaid that at the moment he does not have the required book
but he can arrange the books for him after purchasing it from
somewhere. Zaid shows his inclination but Khalid fears that Zaid may
not purchase the book from him afterwards. Therefore he asks Zaid
to undertake that he will purchase the book from Khalid. Of course
Khalid can take such an undertaking as it does not coincide with any
other principles of Shariah. Similarly the Islamic bank can also take
an undertaking from the client.


30
As far as the question of a promise being binding or not is
concerned, the answer is that there is a difference of opinion among
the jurists, however Hanafi Jurists have allowed such a binding promise
in cases of necessity ( Shami 4/135)

In our daily life the practical experience is that the promise is
considered as binding. For example, hotel and caterers have
arrangements with different suppliers to deliver different commodities
on need. Many times caterers need to prepare food to deliver them
for a wedding or other important ceremonies. Now at this time if the
supplier excuses for supplying the commodities to the caterers, he
will of course have to face severe inconvenience and loss. Likewise
if someone arranges a ceremony he will be having arrangements with
different suppliers of food, tent, lighting etc, but if at the eleventh
hour they merely excuse themselves of providing the promised goods
and separate themselves from the arrangements, the difficulty of the
caterer and the person can be imagined. Therefore the promise should
be declared as binding.

Likewise the Islamic banks have to purchase commodities of
thousands & millions of rupees, therefore if the client afterwards
refuses to fulfill his promise, they will have to face severe losses.
Hence adopting the view of Hanafi jurists by declaring the promises
binding is not against Shariah.

Second issue: Collection of Sadqah

The second issue which needs clarification is the amount of charity
collected in case of delayed payments. A consideration may arise three
questions, each of them with the answers are as follows:

1) The client of the Islamic banks undertake that incase of delay in


31
the payment they will donate a certain amount in the charity fund. No
one can compel anyone as this is a personal matter (like in vow (nazar)
no one can compel or force anyone to take a vow). While the client
of the Islamic bank does not have the option of not making such an
undertaking, rather he is compelled to make an undertaking if he
wishes to do transactions with the Islamic banks. Is it permissible for
the Islamic bank to take such an undertaking?

2) A condition is made that this charity will route through the bank.
Is such a condition permissible?

3) If the client does not fulfill the promise the bank can approach the
court to make the client fulfill his promise. Can such a promise be
enforced through the court?

The answers of the above questions with the same sequence are
as follows:

1) Imposing charity on a mistake is of two types:

a) The mistake is related in violating the right of Allah. For
example one says that if I miss Fajr salat, I will give a certain amount
of money in charity.

b) The mistake is related in violating the right of people.
In other words the mistake will cause loss to someone. For example
a person in a journey undertakes to give certain charity in case he
causes harm to his partner in the journey.

As far as the first type is concerned, it is purely the choice of the
person to bind him and no one else can take such a promise from him.
While in the other type ,there are certain situations where


32
someone else can take the promise.

For example Zaid has a car in which he will travel with Bakr.
Since Bakr enjoys driving he asks to drive the car. Zaid allows with
the condition that Bakr will drive carefully and as a precaution he
makes Bakr to undertake that if he drives carelessly he will pay certain
amount to charity. Bakr accepts these conditions.

It is clear that it is permissible for Zaid to impose the first condition
and likewise it is acceptable for him to make Bakr such promise, as
object from both the promises is to protect him from the expected
loss.

The second condition is binding in the sense if Bakr wants to
drive Zaid’s car than in case of carelessness he will have to pay a
certain amount in charity. But the condition is not binding in the sense
that Bakr has the option that he may not accept any condition and
may not drive Zaid’s car.

Islamic banks are a part of banking industry. They have a fair
amount of funds from those depositors who have saved their lifetime
savings. The bank uses these funds to finance its clients. If the bank
does not use any effective method to avoid delay in payments the
client usually will not pay on time for which the bank will have to
face numerous financial problems. In fact there would be a risk of
bankruptcy.

Hence, one can understand that it is necessary for an Islamic bank
to take an effective stand while remaining within the
bounds of the Shariah to protect itself and the depositors from this
possible loss. One such method could be that the bank could get a
promise from a client that he would pay on time together with an


33
undertaking that if he does not make his payment on time he would
give a certain sum of money in charity.

Making this undertaking is necessary from this point of view that
if a person wishes to transact with the Islamic bank he would have to
make this promise. However, considering that one is not obliged to
transact with the Islamic Bank, and that one has the option of trying
to fulfill ones requirements from other permissible avenues making
such a promise is not at all necessary (i.e. one is not forced to make
this promise). Hence, just as it is correct for Zaid to get a promise out
of Bakr that he would donate a certain sum of money in case he drives
recklessly, it is also permissible for the Islamic bank to acquire a
similar promise from its client.

2. The reason behind compelling the client to give these funds to
charity by depositing them into the Banks charity account is to ensure
that the client has indeed donated this money. The bank cannot include
these funds as part of its income. Rather, it is obliged to spend the
money in the avenues of charity. This condition is merely for the
satisfaction of the bank that the client will pay the charity and the
bank does not gain anything out of this. It is like a condition that
further secures the transaction. And the inclusion of a condition that
secures the transaction or a condition that confirms that the nature of
the transaction is permissible.

According to the Hanafi School of jurists, this promise cannot be
enforced by a court of law. Some of the Maliki jurists, however, allow
this promise to be forceable through a court of law. As banks can only
enforce their transactions through a court of law, there seems to be
room for the Maliki opinion to be adopted in this situation. The Maliki
school of thought is especially acceptable where commercial dealings
are concerned. In this context, Hazrat Thanwi (R.A) has allowed the


34
adoption of the Maliki view for some commercial transactions in
Imdad-ul-Fatawa.

Third Issue: Using the interest rate as a benchmark

The third issue pertains to the fact that presently Islamic Banks
use the inter-bank interest rates as a benchmark to determine the profit
that they offer to their depositor or rental that they charge on their
financings. For example, in Pakistan KIBOR (Karachi Inter Bank
Offered Rate) is used as a benchmark. It is argued that to do this is
not permissible.

There is absolutely no doubt that making an interest rate a
benchmark to determine permissible profits or rentals is indeed not
liked. However, if an Islamic bank fulfills all the other conditions of
a sale or Ijarah contract then the transaction cannot become invalid
just because an interest rate is used to determine the profit.

This could be understood by the following example. Khalid
requires Rs.100/-. He approaches Zaid and requests him for a loan.
Zaid agrees to give Zaid this loan on a condition that he will repay
him Rs.110/- at the end of the tenure. This transaction is clearly an
interest based loan which is Haram and prohibited. Khalid leaves Zaid
and goes to Ahmad. Ahmed asks Khalid the reason for taking the loan.
Khalid tells Ahmad that he has got visitors and would like to purchase
some fruit for them. Instead of giving him a loan, Ahmed purchase
fruit of the value of Rs.100/- and after taking possession of them, sells
them to Khalid for Rs.110/-. The transaction that Ahmed has concluded
with Khalid is one of a sale and purchase agreement in which he first
purchased fruit for Rs.100/- from the market, took possession of them
and thereafter sold them to Khalid. If one has to analyze both the
situations above then indeed there is a similarity between Ahmad and
Zaid’s transactions from this point of view that Ahmad has earned the


35
same amount of profit by selling the fruit that Zaid was demanding
in the form of interest. Despite this resemblance, no person who is
acquainted with the principles of Shariah can ever say that the profit
that Ahmed has earned is Haram and impure because he has earned
(in the form of interest) by giving a loan. Rather, it will be said that
since Ahmad has upheld all the principles of Shariah and concluded
a valid sale then just because of this outer resemblance one cannot
deem, his sale impermissible. Hence, if Islamic banks uphold the
principles of Shariah in their Murabaha, Ijarah and Diminishing
Mushrakah transactions then just because of their using an interest
based benchmark to determine their profit or rental their transaction
will not be impermissible.

We should also search for an Alternative

However, an interest rate benchmark to determine permissible
profits make a Shariah compliant transaction resemble an interest
based transaction. Therefore, it would be preferable that Islamic banks
exert their efforts to strive and avoid even such apparent resemblance.
However, we should also analyze why Islamic banks currently use
interest based benchmarks in determining their profits and what
difficulties do they face in searching for an alternative.

The history behind the inter bank interest rate is this that generally
different banks do not run under the same circumstance.
Some banks have more money whereas others have less than what
they require for financing. The banks which require funds thus acquire
loans from those banks which have extra funds. The banks which give
loan give them on a specific rate of interest. This rate called the Inter
Bank Offered Rate. In short, it is referred to as IBOR. In Pakistan, the
interest rate that prevails between banks in Karachi is usually used as
a benchmark and is referred to as KIBOR. (Karachi Inter Bank Offered
Rate).


36
If Islamic Banks in Pakistan desire to use an Islamic benchmark
in place of KIBOR, then it is clear that this would require the existence
of a big Islamic banking market. Alhamdullilah, this market is slowly
progressing in Pakistan. Some contemporary Ulama have suggested
that Islamic Banks should form transferable instruments that are backed
by physical assets such as property or assets that have been leased
out. The Islamic Banks who have given out assets on lease should
formulate shares of these assets. Therefore, those Islamic Banks that
have surplus funds can purchase these share of the basis of net asset
value. (The net asset value of these shares could be determined at
different intervals.) Similarly those Islamic Banks that have more
shares than they require can sell their shares. In this manner, an Islamic
Inter Bank market would come into existence. Islamic Banks could
then use the net asset value of these shares as a benchmark to determine
their profit in the different forms of financing that they provide. In
this manner a Shariah compliant alternative to KIBOR will be formed.

The Difference between Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks
on the Liability Side

The previous discussions all relate to that side of the balance
sheet which is generally referred to as the asset side. Now
we shall briefly analyze the “liability” side of the balance sheet in
which the Islamic Banks accept funds from various depositors and
make them partner in their profits. The difference between the liability
products of a conventional and Islamic Bank can be clearly understood
if certain common arguments are explicitly explained.

The Current account of Conventional Banks and Islamic Banks
are identical to each other

The money that a conventional bank accepts as deposits is


37
regarded as a loan in the Shariah regardless of which account it accepts
the deposits for. This is because the conventional banks guarantees
that every account holder will definitely receive the full amount of
money that he has deposited and any capital whose return is guaranteed
is regarded as a loan in Shariah. Now, if the account is a current
account then the conventional bank will not give its depositors any
extra money above their deposits. Rather, they are only responsible
to return the amount deposited. This transaction of the conventional
bank does not go against any principle of the Shariah. The current
account of an Islamic bank also transacts in exactly the same manner.
However, if a depositor wishes to place some funds in a current account
then he should deposit his funds with an Islamic bank rather than a
conventional bank so that his loan to the bank is used in Shariah
compliant forms of financing rather than in financing on the basis of
interest based loans.

The difference in the other accounts

Besides the current account, the other accounts such as saving
account or fixed deposits etc, the conventional bank takes an interest
based loan from its depositors.

It is as though a Conventional Bank takes capital from its depositors
and gives them this assurance that their capital is safe and that after
specified period they shall receive their deposits along with an extra
mark-up.

How will they receive this mark-up? Where will these funds of
the depositors be spent? How much will the bank earn from these
funds? What will be the share of the depositors form this income? A
veil is placed on this question. Whether the bank earns 100% profit
from the depositors’ funds or does not earn anything, the bank is bound


38
to give its clients the stipulated rate of interest. Hence, it is as though
there is no connection between the relationship that the depositor has
with the bank and that which the bank has with the clients that acquire
finance from it.

Contrary to this, the funds that an Islamic bank accepts in account
that generate profits are accepted on the basis of Mudharaba or
Musharakah. Also, these funds are held as a trust by the Islamic Bank.
In other words, if these funds or a part of them are destroyed due to
circumstances not under the control of the bank, then the bank will
not be responsible to return these funds.

Secondly, after accepting funds from its depositors, an Islamic
Bank does not put a veil on these funds. Rather, they make their
depositors partners in their investment projects in which the depositors
are the Rabbul Maal (investor of capital) or sleeping partners and the
Islamic bank is the Mudharib or working partner. The bank gives a
proportional share of the profit that it earns from it’s different forms
of financing such as Ijarah, Murabaha and Musharakah etc. to its
depositors. This profit sharing ratio is pre determined. For example,
it is agreed that whatever profit the bank earns will be distributed
between the bank and the depositors on a fifty fifty basis.

Since, the bank makes the depositors partners of proportionate
shares in the profit it earns; a chain is formed amongst the depositors,
bank and clients who acquire finance. The result of this chain is that
the profit that the bank earns from its clients directly impacts the profit
that the depositors receive. Hence, if the Islamic bank provides
financing at a higher rate, their depositors will receive a larger profit
whereas if they offer financing at a lower rate, their depositors will
receive a smaller profit and this is in accordance with the principle
of the Shariah.


39
An Islamic bank cannot fix the profit in advance

Its is important to keep in mind that when accepting a deposit,
an Islamic bank cannot guarantee its return to the depositors, neither
can the Islamic bank tell the depositors with certainty that it will give
a specific amount of profit. The fixing of a profit in relation to the
capital invested by the depositors is not at all permissible in Shariah.
For example, if an Islamic bank tells its depositors that it will give
them a profit of 10% on the amount that they have invested, then such
a fixture of the profit renders the transactions of Shirkat and Mudharabah
void. However, at the end of a particular term, when the bank distributes
the proportionate shares of the actual profits earned to its depositors
then it is permissible to calculate the profit received in relation to the
capital invested and to announce the same.

This could be understood by the following example. The bank
(A) accepts a deposit of Rs.100/- from a depositor (B) and earns a
profit of Rs.20/- on this investment. The bank keeps 50%
of the profit earned and gives the depositor 50%. In this manner, the
depositor receives Rs.10/- in the form of profit on his investment.
This Rs.10/- is in reality 50% of the profit earned. However, if it is
calculated in relation to the capital invested by the depositor then it
will be 10% of the capital invested.

Hence, if an Islamic bank announces that it has given its depositors
a profit of 10% on their investment, it is allowed. However, at the
outset a specific rate cannot be fixed with certainty. This is because,
firstly, the transaction of Shirkat and Mudharabah become void and
impermissible. Secondly, the Islamic bank does not know in advance
how much profit it will earn from this capital. This explains that if an
Islamic bank, after distributing profits, announces that this year it has
given its depositors 10% profit then this does not go against any
principle of the Shariah.


40
It is not correct to declare an individuals fault, a fault of the system

After studying the previous pages this point has come across very
clearly that the method adopted by the present Islamic bank is not
against the principles of Islam. Therefore, it is permissible to deposit
funds with Islamic banks and also avail financing facilities offered by
them. However, at this point it is also important to understand that
although all Islamic banks have a Shariah Advisor to check their
transactions, it is not necessary that all the transactions of all the
Islamic banks are in reality being carried out in the same manner in
which they have been structured. In fact, there is a possibility that
some transactions or the other taking place in a branch of some Islamic
bank somewhere is not conformity with the Shariah. Whether such a
fault is committed due to ignorance of the client of the bank or the
employee or the laws of Shariah were ignored due to the greed of
earning a higher profit, or for whatever reason, the path of justice is
that this fault be considered a fault of the individual concerned.
Declaring this a fault of the entire system is not at all justified.

The above argument can be clearly explained with the help of an
example. There is particular method for doing Wudhu as outlined in
Islam. However, if one individual who out of ignorance or haste
perform his Wudhu in such a manner that he does not perform the
Masah of the head, it would not mean that the method of Wudhu
which Islam has taught does not include the Masah of the head. Rather,
every intelligent person would agree that this was the mistake of this
individual.

The Method of acquiring the correct facts

Similarly it is also a reality that presently there is a shortage of
individuals who have a reasonable amount of knowledge regarding


41
Islamic banking. Therefore, there are various institution that are busy
conducting training sessions in Islamic banking. However, most of
the individuals who undergo this training are those who have worked
in conventional banks for many years and it is very obvious that they
will not be able to acquire expertise in the depths of Islamic banking
from a single course. It is for this reason that some times the employees
of Islamic banks are unable to explain the different methods of Islamic
financing properly. This becomes more evident when they are required
to speak with someone who is acquainted with the law of the Shariah.
They are unable to give the correct explanation, from which this
conclusion is reached that the present form of Islamic banking is not
in compliance with the principles of the Shariah. This method is not
correct. One who is searching for the truth should not suffice on
meeting with the employees of an Islamic bank. Rather,
the best method would be that such a person acquires clarification on
the transactions from the Shariah Advisor of that bank or at least he
should seek guidance from some reputable and competent scholars
who have more knowledge in this field. In this manner, one would
gain assistance in understanding Islamic banking in a better way
InshaAllah.

Some aspects that require attention

Now we shall point out some of those aspects of Islamic banks
which require either improvement or change.

1. As mentioned in the beginning of this booklet that if transactions
such as Murabaha and Ijarah are concluded according to the principles
of Shariah then transacting in these manners are permissible. However,
these are not the preferred methods of financing. Therefore, instead
of sufficing on these forms of financing, Islamic banks should keep
on making a concerted effort to finance client on the principles of


42
Musharakah and Mudharabah. Presently this effort is not being made
to a satisfactory degree.

2. Although the employees of Islamic banks are acquiring training
from various institutes there is still a lot of work required in this regard.
Besides acquiring training from external institutes there is also a great
need to make this the subject of our discussions within the banks. One
method in which this can be done is that one person in every branch
who understands the transactions well can share his knowledge with
the fellow staff. Some time should be allocated for discussing theses
aspects and wherever required the guidance of the Shariah Advisor
can be sought.

3. Just as it its necessary for the staff of an Islamic bank to acquire
the knowledge of the various transactions, it is also necessary for the
clients to have a basic understanding of Islamic banking concepts.
Currently, the clients of Islamic banks have insufficient knowledge
of transactions which can result in transaction becoming void due to
the mistake of the client. Hence, it is necessary to formulate methods
for training the clients and providing them with complete understanding
of Islamic concepts.

4. One important aspect regarding which many people have
complained is that the dress code and outer appearance of the staff
working in Islamic banks is just like the dress code and outer appearance
of those working for conventional banks. Similarly like in conventional
banks, females working for Islamic banks are without adequate
pardah. These two aspects require critical attention and Islamic banks
should work hard to take a positive step in this regard as quickly as
possible. If the depositors and clients of Islamic banks put pressure
on the banks in a reasonable manner it would have very beneficial
effects in this regard. Moreover the bank management should revise


43
its policy itself on this issue. Some Islamic banks have come forward
in this case that they have made the scarf compulsory for the female
staff and the male staff have the option of wearing shalwar qameez.
This is a good step and other Islamic banks should also take such
similar steps.

May Allah guide us to make our inner and
outer appearance accordance with the Shariah.
(Ameen)


44

EGIBL BRANCH NETWORK
Branch Name Address Tel No. Fax No.
Sheraton Hotel Shopping archade, Sheraton 021-5633418-23 021-5633427
Branch Hotel & Towers, Club Road,
Karachi
S.I.T.E Area Plot no. B/9 B-1, SITE Area 021-2550301-4 021-2550309
Karachi Karachi.
Hill Park Branch Plot No.PP-4, Survey No.PA- 021-4300927-24 021-4300928
15, Survey Sheet
No.35,P/1,K.C.H.S Union
Limited, Shaheed-e-Millat
road, Karachi
Korangi Industrial Plot No. 2, Street No. 6, 021-5115041-6 021-5115047
Area Branch Sector 24, Korangi
Industrial Area, Karachi
North Nazimabad Plot No. B-2, Block D, 021-6721591-96 021-6721597
Branch Hederi North
Nazimabad, Karachi
Gulshan-e-Iqbal Plot No. SB-13, Block 138, 021-4144622-25 021-4144628
Branch KDA Scheme No.24,
Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi
Khayaban-e-Nishat Plot No. 14-C, Nishat Lane 021-5340708 & 021-5841992
Branch No. 4,Phase-VI DHA, 5340633
Karachi
D.H.A Korangi 102-C, Commercial Area 'B' 021-5394981-83 021-5394995
Road Karachi Phase II, Defence Housing
Authority, Karachi.
Khayaban-e- Plot No. 6-C, Main Kh-e- 021-5243365-70 021-5243371
Shahbaz Branch Shahbaz, Phase -6 D.H.A,
Karachi
Jinnah Road Ground Floor, Oriental 081-2847010-12 081-2847013
Branch Plazza, Jinnah Road, Quetta
Hyderabad Branch Plot No. 41/371, Qasim 022-2730050 022-2730037
Road, Saddar, Hydrabad
Sukkur Branch Station Road Branch Sukkur 071-5316608-10 071-5316604
Sanghar Branch Thana Road, Sanghar 0235-541023,541098 0235-541704
& 541109
Nawabshah Branch Kuchery, Raod, Nawabshah 0244-330480-2 0244-330486
Rahim Yar Khan Branch City, Park. Rahim Yar Khan 068-5885004-09 068-5885010


45
D.H.A Y-Block Plot No. 173/1, Block Y, 042-5692450-57 042-5692458
Branch Phase III, L.C.C.H.S, Lahore
M.M Alam Road Nagina House 91-B-1, M.M, 042-5871272-3 042-5753247
Branch Alam Road, Gulberg III, Lahore.
Allama Iqbal Town Plot No. 1, Gulshan Block, main 042-5434011-15 042-5434014
Branch Boulevard, Allama Iqbal town,
Lahore
G.T Road Branch Adjacent to DLN Plaza, main 055-3820807 055-3820811
GT road, gujrawal
Kamoke Branch Main G.T road, district gujrawala, 055-815260-61 055-815262
Kamoke
Jarawala Branch New bazaar jarawala, district 041-4319008-13 041-4319014
Fasilabad, jarawala
Bilal Road Branch Plot No. P-1090, Ahmed Plaza 041-2409311-14 041-2409322
Bilal road, civil lines, fasilabad
Cavalry Ground Plot No.16,commercial area, 042-6610648-53 042-6610647
Branch cavalary ground, Lahore
Shadman Branch 116, shadman colony 1, Lahore 042-5291923-25 042-5291926
D.H.A S-block DHA S block, 1-5 phase II, 042-7538750-52 042-7538756
Branch commercial Area, DHA, Lahore.
Paris road Branch Plot No. 165-71/ A/1, Paris 042-5707231-36 042-5707241
road, Sialkot
Sargodha Branch Ground and First Floor 052-4604468 052-4604566
Neyazi Esqulre, Club road,
sargodha.
Daska Branch Gujrawala road, near 048-3768226-29 048-3768234
mobilink frenchise office,
Tahsil daska, district sialkot
Hafizabad Branch Ali pur road, Hafizabad 052-9200161 052-9200164
Multan Branch 12-Kaswar gardazi, road, multan 0547-540611-14 0547-540615
Khan-e-wal Branch Plot No. 89/10A, Khaniwal 061-4782216-17 061-478261
Arif wala Branch Zain Palace Arif wala, district 0652-556980-83 0652-555982
Pak pathan, Arif wala
Vehari Branch 46-A, block- A, Karkhana 0457-833811-14 0457-833815
Bazar-Vehari


46
Mal Road Branch Plot No. 35, The mall road, 067-3366260-80 067-3366281
Peshawar cantt
Hayatabad branch Plot No. B-2, DHH , Sector 091-5253940-43 091-5253944
B-3, Phase 5, hayatabad,
Peshawar
Pubbl Branch Adjacent Seraj Jewellers, G.T 091-5836240-46 091-5236247
road District Noshehra Pubbl
F-7, Markaz Plot No. 13-T, Markaz F-7, 0923-528017-18 0923-528020
Branch jinnah Super markaz,
Islamabad
Blur Area Branch Plot No. 89, Jinnah Avenue 051-2608051-58 051-2608072
Blur Area Islamabad
Mardan Branch The mall, maradan Cantt 051-2274447-49 051-2274912
Manshera Branch Main Bazar, manshera 0937-308263-65 0937-308269
Sawabi Branch Mardan Sawabi Road, Sawabi 0938-223617 0938-222810
Johar Town Branch Plot No.76, Block R-1, Johar 042-5291923-52 042-5291926
town, Lahore


If you need any clarification regarding Shariah you may
write it on this paper, tear it and dispatch it to any EGIBL
branch nearest to you. We will Insha Allah collect the
answer from our Shariah Advisor and send it to your
address within 10-15 days.

Name:…………………………………...……………….

Address:…………………………………………………

Account No:………………………………..……………


Difference Between Islamic Banking And Conventional Banking By Dr. Maulana Ejaz Ahmad Samadan

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Difference Between Islamic Banking And Conventional Banking By Dr. Maulana Ejaz Ahmad Samadan (20)

More from Caller To Islam / الداعية الإسلامي (20)

Difference Between Islamic Banking And Conventional Banking By Dr. Maulana Ejaz Ahmad Samadan