Different branches in forensic biology
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The document outlines the various branches of forensic biology and their applications in legal settings, detailing the importance of techniques such as forensic serology, DNA profiling, and anthropology in solving crimes. It traces historical milestones, such as landmark discoveries and the establishment of foundational practices, contributing to the field's development. Key figures and their contributions to forensic science are also highlighted, emphasizing the role of biology in criminal investigations.
![DIFFERENT BRANCHES IN
FORENSIC BIOLOGY
PRESENTED BY - SHALINI SHARMA
[Volunteer-AFRS]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/differentbranchesinforensicbiology-230710104547-0149a591/85/Different-branches-in-forensic-biology-1-320.jpg)
Different branches in forensic biology
- 1. DIFFERENT BRANCHES IN FORENSIC BIOLOGY PRESENTED BY - SHALINI SHARMA [Volunteer-AFRS]
- 2. CONTENTS COVERED Forensic Science Branches of Forensic science Forensic Biology Branches of Forensic Biology Forensic Serology, Odontology Forensic DNA Fingerprinting Forensic Entomology, Anthropology Forensic Botany, Pathology References
- 3. WHAT IS FORENSIC SCIENCE ? • The application of scientific techniques and procedures in criminal and civil cases. • Originate from Latin word ''forensis'' meaning ''the forum''.
- 4. FORENSIC SCIENCE FORENSIC CHEMISTRY BRANCHES OF FORENSIC SCIENCE FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY FORENSIC BIOLOGY & SEROLOGY FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS & FINGERPRINTING FORENSIC PHYSICS FORENSIC BALLISTICS DIGITAL & CYBER FORENSIC
- 5. WHAT IS FORENSIC BIOLOGY ? • It is a branch of Forensic science which involves various disciplines and applications of biology in legal settings. • This involves analysis of biological fluids and tissue samples found on crime scene for identification and individualization purpose. • In 1901, Karl Landsteiner discovered various blood groups and classified them into A, B, AB & O. Thus introducing BLOOD TYPING in criminal investigations. • Dr. Leone Lattes in 1915, displayed procedure to determine blood group of DRIED BLOOD STAINS, which proved to be a turning point in forensics at that time.
- 6. BRANCHES OF FORENSIC BIOLOGY FORENSIC BIOLOGY FORENSIC SEROLOGY FORENSIC DNA PROFILING FORENSIC BOTANY FORENSIC MICROBIOLOGY FORENSIC TAPHONOMY FORENSIC CRANIOMETRY FORENSIC PATHOLOGY FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
- 7. 1) FORENSIC SEROLOGY • This branch of forensic includes examination and detection of various bodily fluids like semen, blood, saliva, urine, feacal matter and vomit in legal proceedings. It was first done by Karl Landsteiner in 1901, when he • Various biochemical and immunological techniques are used in detection of these fluids on crime scene. • Apparently, Preliminary examinations are done to ensure whether the given fluid is blood or not. Secondly, if it is of human origin or not. • Confirmatory tests involve finding of one's blood group with specific proteins, enzymes and antigens. identified various blood groups.
- 8. 2) FORENSIC BOTANY • It is a branch of forensics that undertake plant sciences in solving criminal cases like kidnapping, murder etc. It was first used in 1935 in Lindbergh case. • Help in determining cause of death of victim. • It's application ranges from the use of methods in botany to determine the geographical distribution of a plant species across the world. Locard's principle to the use of
- 9. Forensic Pathology • Forensic pathology is a type of pathology which is majorly concerned with examination of corpse and determining the cause of death. • It is an application of medical jurisprudence. • They are specially trained to perform autopsies, determine presence or absence of any injury or poisoning relating to manner of death. • It was started in 1877 by American Board of Pathology. • Dr. Rudolf Virchow is called as the father of forensic pathology.
- 10. FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY • Also called as forensic dentistry. • It involves examination, handling and evaluation of dental evidences in a crime scene. • Play an important role in identification of deceased person cannot be defined by fingerprint or visual methods. • Dr. Ascor Amoedo is considered as father of forensic odontology. • It's first case was reported back in 1898. during fire break in Paris, France.
- 11. FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY • It is a branch of forensics which deals with the identification and determination of identity of skeletal remains present at crime scene. • This field interpret various data like features after examination. • Cause of death, manner of death and time since death can be determined. • In 1894, Thomas Dwight wrote articles and gave lectures on human identification in U.S. and is considered as father of anthropology. age, sex and other characteristic
- 12. FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY • It is the study of insects associated with the corpse which help in determination of time since death. • Major class of insects involved is Arthropods ie. flies and beetles. • Help in determination of primary crime scene, presence and positioning of wound. • First systemic study was conducted by Hermann Reinhard in 1881.
- 13. FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS • It helps in determination of DNA profile of victim/suspect via several markers like RFLP, STR, mtDNA etc. • Also used in Paternity tests and human geneology resources. • Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is the DNA database maintained by FBI for recording DNA samples of crime cases and individual samples which are compared by system's software. • Dr. Alec Jefferys in 1984 had done notable work in DNA forensics.
- 14. FORENSIC MICROBIOLOGY • It involves examination and analysis of microorganisms, toxins released for • Play an important role in identification whether the agent has been genetically manipulated or treated chemically to make more virulent or to mask it's characteristics. • Sir Bernard Spilsbury is considered as father of forensic microbiology. attribution purposes.
- 15. FORENSIC TAPHONOMY • It is a branch of forensics which deals with the identification and examination of what happens to corpse after death before it's recovery. • Cause of death, manner of death and time since death can be determined. • It was introduced in 1940 by Ivan Efremov to study changes in dead body while decomposition from biosphere to lithosphere. • It comprises of 5 stages which are disarticulation, dispersal, accumulation, fossilization, and mechanical alteration.
- 16. Forensic Craniometry • Craniometry is branch of anthropology which deals with examination and analysis of human skull. • This technique has been used successfully in the estimation of race, sex, age and stature of an individual which are collectively known as “Big Fours” in anthropology. • Samuel George Morton is regarded as the father of forensic craniometry.
- 17. Forensic Significance • Help in determination of time since death of corpse. • Cause of death along with manner of death is also estabilished. • Link suspect to crime scene. • DNA profiling of deceased can be determined. • Determine primary crime scene.