The document outlines 11 common file types used daily, including formats for images (jpg, png, bmp, tiff), documents (doc, docx), spreadsheets (xlsx, csv), presentations (ppt, pptx), web pages (html), and ebooks (epub). Each file type has distinct features and purposes, catering to different requirements, such as editing capabilities for documents and data organization for spreadsheets. Additionally, it discusses the importance of PDF as a standard format for viewing and printing, along with a guide to converting various files into PDF using deftpdf.