Digital System Design Basics
- 1. Short Term Training Program on “FPGA Based Digital Systems with Application to SDR in Cognitive Environment” Introduction to Digital Design with FPGAs Prof. Anish Goel
- 2. What’s in the Programme Theory/Knowledge Experiments Hands-On Sessions Case Studies Quizzes Key contacts Query Sessions Beyond the course Nutcrackers Teaching/Learning 2 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 3. Schedule of the Programme 3 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel Monday 5th Oct STTP Module Venue 9 -9.30 Registration Room No 304 9.30- 11.30 Introduction to topic Room No 304 11.30-12.00 Formal Inaugural & Tea Break Room No 304 12.00 - 1.00 Lab I Room No 405 & 406 1.00 - 2.00 Lunch 2.00 - 4.00 Lab II Room No 405 & 406 4.00 - 8.00 Extra Sessions/Discussions Room No 405 & 406 Tuesday 6th Oct 9.00 - 10.30 FPGA Based Comm. Systems Room No 304 10.30 - 11. 00 Tea Break Room No 304 11.00 - 12.00 Lab III Room No 405 & 406 12.00-1.00 Lab IV Room No 405 & 406 1.00 - 2.00 Lunch 2.00 - 4.00 Lab V Room No 405 & 406 4.00 - 8.00 Extra Sessions/Discussions Room No 405 & 406
- 4. Learning Cycle in our STTP Lectures Case Studies Lab Sessions Extra Classes Assignm ents Software Leaning System Design 4 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 5. Possible Outcomes of STTP Knowledge Practice Attitude & Aptitude Wave of Interest and Fun learning Stay Happy! Stay Blessed! Danger Bouncer, Hectic, Bla Bla Bla WARNING !!! DO NOT PROCEED Proper Attitude 5 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 6. Head-start Here Digital Design using FPGA’s Any circuit capable of processing Digital Data is termed as a digital system. A system is a black box with inputs and outputs and a relation between them. Human Brain (processing data for Participants not listening to my lecture) Inputs (Senses) Outputs (Actions) Start Singing ? Make them Sleep? Walk Away? 6 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 7. Anyways Examples in Our World for systems Automobile Engine VCD player Computer Smartphone Audio System Pen Drive Internet Whatever else 7 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 8. Digital and Analog A m p l i t u d e TimeT1 T2 T3 8 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 9. Realistic & Non-Realistic Signal 9 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 10. A little Push Helps 10 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 11. Digital Systems So digital systems are the ones that understand and process digital/discrete data. We use only binary digital systems. Lot of research on Ternary and Quaternary Systems is being carried out. But if you try to increase the number of discrete levels then ultimately you would arrive at analog systems. In short binary digital systems are simple to understand, analyze and design. 11 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 12. HDL (Hardware Description Language) Digital Systems Digital Systems A B C <= A.B Digital Systems B A C Binary OutputBinary Inputs 12 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 13. Describe the Hardware Digital Systems Library ieee; Use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; EntityEntity DigitalSystemDigitalSystem isis 13 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel B A C Digital Systems Binary OutputBinary Inputs Port (Port (a,ba,b: in bit;: in bit; c: out bit);c: out bit); end DigitalSystem; Architecture behav of DigitalSystem is A B Digital Systems C <= A.B Begin C <= a and b;C <= a and b; end behav;
- 14. Microprocessors and ASIC’s A microprocessor is a general purpose Digital System that can be programmed for any functionality. For Eg.To implement For I = 1;I < 10; I ++ X(I) =Y(I) + Z(I) End So the above code requires following in terms of hardware: Adder Counter Registers But the microprocessor will have lots of additional circuitry like arithmetic and logical circuits, memory interfaces, communication interfaces etc. These circuits are required for implementing other functions depending on the code, but not required for our small code as above. 14 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 15. Microprocessors and ASIC’s In case where the circuit only needs to run the above code only, having a microprocessor would be like wastage of resources as most of its hardware remains unused. Instead if we are able to design only required circuit that works efficiently then the system performance will increase. Such a kind of circuit can be termed as Application Specific Integrated Circuit or ASIC in short. FPGAs are the most common platform to implement ASIC due to their re-configurability and ease of use. 15 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 16. Clear Difference! Microprocessors FPGAs Hardware is Already Present Program it ! Theirs no Hardware Create it ! 16 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 17. Design Flow for ASIC (VLSI/CHIP) 17 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 18. FPGA Design Flow 18 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 19. Advantages of FPGA based Design Rapid prototyping. Real time results. Simulation and design up-gradation possible. Time to market reduces. Re-configurability at any time. Hardware updates possible in future. 19 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 20. Case Study – Full adder design Full AdderB A C S Cout S = A xor B xor C S = (A and B) or (A and C) or (B and C) A B C S Cout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 21. Nutcracker I 99 X 99 = ? 21 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 22. Full adder Physical design flow 22 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 23. Full Adder Circuit 23 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 24. Full Adder Layout 24 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 25. Nutcracker II 2 x 2 = ? 25 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 26. Memory Based Digital Design Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel26 A B C 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 What’s in the Black Box ? Black Box A B C
- 27. Memory Based Digital Design Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel27 A B C 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 What’s in the Black Box ? Black Box A B C
- 28. Answer: Its memory (ROM) Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel28 0 1 1 0 A B C 2 Bit Address 1 bit Data
- 29. Full Adder Design - FPGA library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; entity fa is Port ( a : in STD_LOGIC; b : in STD_LOGIC; cin : in STD_LOGIC; s : out STD_LOGIC; cout : out STD_LOGIC); end fa; architecture Behavioral of fa is begin s <= a xor b xor cin; cout <= (a and b) or (a and cin) or (b and cin); end Behavioral; 29 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 30. Full Adder Synthesis (RTL) 30 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 31. Full Adder Technology View 31 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 32. FPGA already knows the output. It doesn’t calculate. Consider a multiplier circuit that can be fed with 2 numbers in the range 1-4. Thus there can be 16 combinations of the inputs. For each combination the output is know as we know it’s a multiplier. A B A*B 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 3 6 2 4 8 3 1 3 3 2 6 3 3 9 3 4 12 4 1 4 4 2 8 4 3 12 4 4 16 32 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 33. FPGA Highlights A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing – hence “field-programmable". Technically speaking, an FPGA can be used to solve any problem which is computable. Another trend on the usage of FPGAs is hardware acceleration, where one can use the FPGA to accelerate certain parts of an algorithm and share part of the computation between the FPGA and a generic processor. 33 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 34. Common FPGA Applications 34 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel •Aerospace and Defense •Avionics/DO-254 •Communications •Missiles & Munitions •Secure Solutions •Space •Medical Electronics •ASIC Prototyping •Audio •Connectivity Solutions •Portable Electronics •Radio •Digital Signal Processing (DSP) •Automotive •High Resolution Video •Image Processing •Vehicle Networking and Connectivity •Automotive Infotainment •Broadcast •Real-TimeVideo Engine •EdgeQAM •Encoders •Displays •Switches and Routers •Consumer Electronics •Digital Displays •Digital Cameras •Multi-function Printers •Portable Electronics •Set-top Boxes •Data Center •Servers •Security •Routers •Switches
- 35. More Applications 35 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel •High Performance Computing •Servers •Super Computers •SIGINT Systems •High-end RADARs •High-end Beam Forming Systems •Data Mining Systems •Industrial •Industrial Imaging •Industrial Networking •Motor Control •Medical •Ultrasound •CT Scanner •MRI •X-ray •PET •Surgical Systems •Scientific Instruments •Lock-in amplifiers •Phase-locked loops •Security •Industrial Imaging •Secure Solutions •Video & Image Processing •High Resolution Video •Video Over IP Gateway •Digital Displays •Wired Communications •OpticalTransport Networks •Network Processing •Connectivity Interfaces •Wireless Communications •Baseband •Connectivity Interfaces •Mobile Backhaul •Radio
- 36. FPGA – Products and Market http://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/products/fpga- pld/fpgas-big-space-satellites-2015-04/ http://www.element14.com/community/docs/DOC- 13492/l/simplify-analog-channel-design-in-fpga-based-dso http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/fpga.as p 36 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 37. Conclusion Digital Design using FPGAs required knowledge of Digital Logic to design but ultimately implemented in generic logic like memory or LUT. FPGA is a reconfigurable hardware that can be updated just like OS (Android/Windows) provides software updates. VLSI technology is already on the verge of saturation in terms of Frequency of Operation and Device Size, hence industry has started focusing more on Architecture based enhancements. 37 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 38. Disclaimer ! 38 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel
- 39. Disclaimer ! The data/material/information presented here are based on learning from books, internet, experience and studies. This programme aims to guide you along the lines of learning and provides you with the same environment for a short span. Please read the study material and references carefully. 39 Digital Design with FPGAs Prof.Anish Goel