Disaster resilience and Management

Disaster resilience and Management

• 1.
  DISASTER RESILIENCE By- चौधरी भानुप्रताप स िंह शहरीय एविं क्षेत्रीय योजना सवभाग गौतम बुद्ध सवश्वसवध्यालय (भारतवर्ष)
• 2.
  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Environmental degradation isa result of-  the dynamic inter play of socio-economic, institutional and technological activities. Environmental changes may be driven by-  economic growth, population growth, urbanization,  intensification of agriculture, rising energy use and transportation.  Poverty still remains a problem at the root of several environmental problems.
• 3.
  Effects of Environmentaldegradation
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  SOCIAL FACTORS- Population- • majorsource of environmental degradation when it exceeds the threshold limits of the support systems. • India supports 17 per cent of the world population on just 2.4 per cent of world land area. Poverty- • Poverty is said to be both cause and effect of environmental degradation. • Inequality may foster unsustainability
• 5.
  SOCIAL FACTORS- C ON T. … Urbanization- • Lack of opportunities for gainful employment in villages. • Mega cities are emerging and urban slums are expanding. • rapid and unplanned expansion of cities has resulted in degradation of urban environment. • Growing trend in deterioration of air and water quality, generation of wastes, the proliferation of slums and undesirable land use changes
• 6.
  Environmental degradation isthe result of market failure. is a particular case of consumption or production externalities reflected by divergence between private and social costs problems Transport activities have a wide variety of effects on the environment ECONOMIC FACTORS-
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   Port andharbour projects mainly impact on sensitive coastal eco systems  level and pattern of economic development also affect the nature of environmental  Direct impacts of agricultural development on the environment  Intensive agriculture and irrigation contribute to land degradation particularly salination, alkalization and water logging. ECONOMIC FACTORS- C O N T. …
• 8.
  Lack effective coordinationamongst various Ministries or Institutions regarding integration of environmental concerns Lack of trained personnel and comprehensive database delay many projects. EIA studies and the effective implementation of the EIA process have improved over the years Institutional Factors-
• 10.
  The rapid populationgrowth of cities has exacerbated this trend and increased the stakes.  The increasing pace of urbanisation has finally forced us to recognise that established practices and dominant values for planning and development in cities have lead to an accumulation of inequality, marginalisation and disaster risk over time. CO-EVOLUTION OF URBANIZATION & RISK
• 11.
  There are wellover a billion people now living in poverty in urban slums, facing new kinds of vulnerabilities as a result. urban areas in developing countries are facing dramatically escalating risks. This is well illustrated by three examples drawn from the 2010 Red Cross World Disasters Report-
• 12.
  In Dhaka, almost30% of the 14 million people live in slums along the water’s edge, exposing them to severe flood risks. Moreover, the Stanford-based earthquake disaster risk index lists Dhaka as one of the 20 cities in the world most vulnerable to earthquakes. Mumbai in India is the fourth largest city in the world with 20 million people, of whom some 6.7 million are slum dwellers (WHO). Mumbai is one of the top 10 most vulnerable cities in terms of floods, storms and earthquakes and is the most vulnerable city in the world in terms of total population exposed to coastal flood hazard.
• 13.
  40% of theland area of Jakarta, Indonesia is below sea-level. As a result, its 10 million inhabitants are at risk of flash floods, particularly along the 13 river systems which pass through the city. The high population density, averaging 14,000 people per square kilometre, a significant portion of whom are slum-dwellers, increases the potential of a disaster to cause serious harm.
• 14.
  In the developingworld, cities with over 1 million people jumped six fold between 1950 and 1995 80% of the world's urban residents will be in developing countries by the year 2025 Most of the future urban growth take place in small and medium-sized urban centres Rapid Urbanization Increase Disaster Risk
• 15.
  This growth threatensto make cities unsustainable ... 30-60% of people in the largest cities of the developing world live in densely populated squatter settlements. Demand for land in cities has led to use of unsuitable terrain (floodplains, unstable slopes, reclaimed land) prone to natural hazards. Urban development increases the flood risk by disrupting natural drainage channels. Increasing numbers of industrial complexes and hazardous materials concentrated in urban areas cities at risk:
• 16.
  The number ofpeople affected by disasters has been growing 6% each year since 1960. Of these victims, 90% have been affected by natural disasters, many in urban areas. Poor people everywhere are most at risk. For example, the 1976 Guatemala earthquake is known as a "poor- quake" because nearly all of the victims in Guatemala City were in slum areas near ravines Make more people vulnerable to disasters ...