Discovering Computers: Chapter 02
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The document provides an overview of the key objectives covered in Chapter 2 of Discovering Computers 2012, which discusses the history and structure of the Internet, the World Wide Web, other Internet services like email and instant messaging, and the rules of netiquette. Some of the topics covered include the evolution of the Internet from ARPANET to broadband connections, IP addresses and domain names, browsers and searching the web, publishing web pages, e-commerce models, and guidelines for polite online behavior.
Discovering Computers: Chapter 02
- 1. Discovering Computers 2012 Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World
- 2. Objectives Overview Identify and briefly describe various broadband Internet Discuss the evolution of the connections and state Describe the types of Internet Internet differences between broadband access providers Internet connections and dial- up connections Describe how to use a search Describe the purpose of an IP Explain the purpose of a Web engine to search for address and its relationship to a browser and identify the information on the Web and domain name components of a Web address differentiate between a search engine and a subject directory See Page 73 2 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 3. Objectives Overview Explain how Web pages use Identify and briefly describe the steps Describe the types of Web sites graphics, animation, audio, video, virtual required for Web publishing reality, and plug-ins Explain how e-mail, mailing lists, instant Describe the types of e-commerce messaging, chat rooms, VoIP, newsgroups Identify the rules of netiquette and message boards, and FTP work See Page 73 3 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 4. The Internet • The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals Page 74 4 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-1
- 5. Evolution of the Internet • The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals: Allow scientists at Function even if part of different physical the network were locations to share disabled or destroyed information and work by a disaster together Page 75 5 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 6. Evolution of the Internet 1986 NSF connects NSFnet to 1969 ARPANET and ARPANET becomes 1996 becomes known as the Internet2 is functional Internet founded 1984 1995 NSFNet Today More ARPANET has terminates than 550 more than its network million hosts 1,000 on the connect to individual Internet and the Internet computers resumes linked as status as hosts research network Pages 75 - 76 6 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 7. Evolution of the Internet • Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its own network – The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees research and sets guidelines and standards • Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network Page 76 7 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 8. Evolution of the Internet • Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service Fiber to Cable Cellular Satellite the Fixed Internet DSL Radio Wi-Fi Internet Premises wireless service Network Service (FTTP) Page 76 8 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 9. Evolution of the Internet • An access provider is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee Page 77 9 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-2
- 10. Evolution of the Internet ISP (Internet Online service Wireless Internet service provider) provider (OSP) service provider Regional ISPs Provides wireless provide Internet Has many members- Internet access to access to a specific only features computers and geographical area mobile devices National ISPs Popular OSPs include provide Internet AOL (America May require a access in cities and Online) and MSN wireless modem towns nationwide (Microsoft Network) Page 78 10 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 11. Evolution of the Internet Page 79 11 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-3
- 12. Evolution of the Internet • An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet • A domain name is the text version of an IP address – Top-level domain (TLD) • A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address Pages 79 – 80 12 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-4
- 13. Evolution of the Internet Page 80 13 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-5
- 14. The World Wide Web • The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages) • A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items • A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer • Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact Pages 80 - 81 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 15. The World Wide Web • A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs Internet Firefox Opera Explorer Google Safari Chrome Page 81 15 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 16. The World Wide Web Page 81 16 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-6
- 17. The World Wide Web • A home page is the first • Some Web pages are page that a Web site designed specifically for displays microbrowsers • Web pages provide links to other related Web pages – Surfing the Web • Downloading is the process of receiving information Pages 82 - 83 17 Figure 2-7 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 18. The World Wide Web • A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address Pages 82 – 83 18 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-8
- 19. The World Wide Web • Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window Page 84 19 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-9
- 20. The World Wide Web • Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories Search Subject engine directory Classifies Web Finds information pages in an related to a organized set of specific topic categories Page 85 20 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 21. The World Wide Web Page 85 21 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-10
- 22. The World Wide Web • A search engine is helpful in locating items such as: Images Videos Audio Publications People or Maps Blogs Businesses Page 85 22 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 23. The World Wide Web Page 86 23 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-11
- 24. The World Wide Web • Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search engine’s Web page prior to entering the search text Page 87 24 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-12
- 25. The World Wide Web • Search operators can help to refine your search Page 87 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-13
- 26. The World Wide Web • There are thirteen types of Web sites Portal News Informational Business/Marketing Blog Wiki Online Social Educational Network Pages 88 – 91 26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-15
- 27. The World Wide Web Entertainment Advocacy Web Application Content Personal Aggregator Pages 91 – 92 27 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-15
- 28. The World Wide Web • Information presented on the Web must be evaluated for accuracy • No one oversees the content of Web pages Page 92 28 Figure 2-16 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 29. The World Wide Web • Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with: Page 92 29 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 30. The World Wide Web • A graphic is a digital representation of nontext information • Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, an d TIFF Page 93 30 Figure 2-17 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 31. The World Wide Web • A thumbnail is a small version of a larger graphic Page 94 31 Figure 2-19 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 32. The World Wide Web • Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence Page 94 32 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 33. The World Wide Web • Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound – Compressed to reduce file size • You listen to audio on your computer using a player • Streaming is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow Pages 94 – 95 33 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-20
- 34. The World Wide Web Page 95 34 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-21
- 35. The World Wide Web • Video consists of images displayed in motion Page 96 35 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-22
- 36. The World Wide Web • Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space Pages 96 – 97 36 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-23
- 37. The World Wide Web • A plug-in is a program that extends the capability of a Web browser Page 97 37 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-24
- 38. The World Wide Web • Web publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages Analyze Maintain Plan a and Create a Deploy a a Web Web site design a Web site Web site site Web site Page 98 38 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 39. E-Commerce • E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network – M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place using mobile devices Page 98 39 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 40. E-Commerce Business- to- consumer (B2C) E-commerce Business- Consumer- to- to- business consumer (B2B) (C2C) Pages 98 - 99 40 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 41. E-Commerce Page 99 41 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-25
- 42. Other Internet Services • E-mail is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network • An e-mail program allows you to create, send, receive, fo rward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages Page 101 42 Figure 2-26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 43. Other Internet Services Page 102 43 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-27
- 44. Other Internet Services • A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name – Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address – Unsubscribing removes your name Page 103 44 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-28
- 45. Other Internet Services • Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service Page 104 45 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-29
- 46. Other Internet Services • A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer • A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other Page 105 46 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-30
- 47. Other Internet Services • VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet – Also called Internet telephony Page 106 47 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-31
- 48. Other Internet Services • A newsgroup is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject – Typically requires a newsreader • A message board is a Web-based type of discussion group Page 107 48 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-32
- 49. Other Internet Services • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet • Many operating systems include FTP capabilities • An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP Page 107 49 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 50. Netiquette • Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet behavior Page 108 50 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-33
- 51. Summary Browsing, navigating, searching, Web History and structure of the Internet World Wide Web publishing, and e-commerce Other Internet services: e-mail, instant messaging, chat Rules of netiquette rooms, VoIP, newsgroups and message boards, and FTP Page 109 51 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
- 52. Discovering Computers 2012 Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World Chapter 2 Complete