DNA REPLICATION.pdf

DNA REPLICATION.pdf

• 1.
  DNA REPLICATION What isDNA?
• 2.
  What is DNA? DNA,abbreviation of deoxyribonucleic acid, organic chemical of complex molecular structure that is found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and in many viruses. DNA codes genetic information for the transmission of inherited traits.
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  DNA REPLICATION In theprocess where using the two strand of Parental DNA as a template and two progeny DNA are made, that is called DNA REPLICATION -The process happens in the ‘S’ (Synthesis Stage) of Interphase Place- Nucleus , in case of Eucaryotic cell Cytoplasm , in case of Procaryotic cell
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  Necessity of 1. ParentalDNA 2. Tropoisomerase 3. Gyrase 4. Helicase 5. SSB protein 6. RNA Primer 7. DNA Polymerase 8. dNTP 9. Ligase
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  Process The whole processhappens through three stages. That are- 1. Initiation Stage 2. Elongation stage 3. Termination stage 1. Initiation Stage • By the help of helicase 2 strands of parental DNA are separated by hydrolyzing the Hydrogen bond • SSB is attached with both Strand • 10-12 Base pair RNA Primer is made by RNA Primase Enzyme
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  2. Elongation Stage •Starting place is known as ‘Replication of Origin’ • At 3’ End of RNA Primar, The complementary deoxy ribonucleotides are joined by making Phospho-di-ester bond by help of DNA Pol-III • The strand, where DNA synthesis happens continuously, known as leading strand. The strand, where DNA synthesis does not happen continuously, known as lagging strand.
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  3. Termination Stage •Termination happens when the extended forks are made • RNA Primars are hydrolyzed by DNA Pol-I, and deoxy ribonucleotide is synthesized by help of DNA Pol-II • 2 Oazaki Fragments are added by help of ligase.
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  5’ 5’ 3’ 3’ 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’ 3’ 3’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’ 3’ gyrase helicase
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  5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 3 3’ 3’ 3’ Progeny DNA