Dna vs rna

Dna vs rna

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  DNA vs RNA Preparedby Yousef Elshrek
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  • The structureof DNA is amazing. • It has a double helix structure, A twisted ladder. • It has its own emoji. https://i.imgur.com/rvYBypI.jpg
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  • DNA storesgenetic information and codes for your traits. • RNA, you actually couldn’t get that genetic message out to your cells so that they can start producing proteins. We talk about this in protein synthesis.
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  • RNA isa very important biomolecule – just as important as DNA. • In fact, RNA is even hypothesized as coming first before DNA in the RNA World hypothesis • So, let us compare and contrast DNA with RNA. • DNA and RNA found in all living organisms. • In eukaryotic cells, DNA tends to be found in the nucleus while you can find RNA both in and out of the nucleus. • Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. • Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which are a type of biomolecule. Nucleic acids have a monomer. A monomer is a building block.
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  • The monomerfor nucleic acids is a nucleotide so both DNA and RNA have nucleotides. • The nucleotides of both RNA and DNA have three parts: a phosphate, sugar, and a base.
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  • Let usdraw 6 nucleotides of DNA and 6 nucleotides of RNA. • DNA is generally double stranded, and if focusing on these two strands of nucleotides here, you can see they run antiparallel to each other. • RNA is generally single stranded, so you are just seeing one strand here.
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  • The sugarin DNA is deoxyribose and the sugar in RNA is ribose. • This makes sense because DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. That’s helpful to know because the “deoxyribose” is a sugar, and “nucleic acid” is that type of biomolecule it is. • RNA stands for ribonucleic acid as its sugar is ribose. • The bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. • It helps to remember the popular mnemonic device: apples in the tree (that helps you remember that A goes with T) and car in the garage (so C goes with G) to understand how DNA bases pair Structure of nucleotides - the monomers of DNA/RNA
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  • The basesin RNA are adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine. • Notice the different one? . It is uracil! • So, you must change that popular mnemonic device here…instead of apples in the tree…maybe the apples are…under? Car in the garage still works. • We mentioned earlier that DNA codes for your traits, but it could not do that without RNA’s help. • In our protein synthesis, we talk about three different types of RNA and their very important roles. • mRNA, which stands for messenger RNA. mRNA’s job is to carry a message based off the DNA.
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  • In eukaryoticcells, DNA generally stays in the nucleus, but mRNA can leave the nucleus to take this message to a ribosome. Ribosomes make protein and RNA is a major component of ribosomes. • Ribosomal RNA: This type of RNA is called rRNA. • Transfer RNA (tRNA), its job is to transfer amino acids to match the correct mRNA codon. • Codon charts using mRNA codons have been developed so that you can see which amino acid is brought for each mRNA codon. • When those amino acids are joined together, they make a polypeptide chain. • Proteins are made of one or more of these polypeptide chains, and proteins have tons of different roles.
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  • Let ustry a little 3 question quiz.? • Question 1 • If I have 8 DNA nucleotides, how many DNA bases do I have? • How many base pairs? • The answer: • Each nucleotide---regardless of whether it’s a DNA or RNA nucleotide--- has a phosphate, sugar, and a base. • So, 8 DNA nucleotides would have 8 bases. • DNA bases pair like this- and that is 4 DNA base pairs.
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  • Question 2 •If one strand of DNA has these bases shown here--- A, T, T, G, A, C--- can you complete what the complementary DNA bases would be for the other DNA strand? • The answer: • So, remember those base pairing rules for DNA and the popular mnemonics. • If placing the bases in this image, reading in the direction shown on this image, they’d be T, A, A, C, T, G.
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  • Question 3 •In a process known as transcription, a complementary RNA strand called messenger RNA has to complement the DNA. • So, if I still had that original portion of DNA here, what would the complementary RNA bases here be? • So, in this portion, reading in the direction shown on this image, we would have these RNA bases. • Notice the answer is like the last answer, but there are uracil bases here instead of thymine. • The answer: • So, remember it is asking for RNA. No thymine here; it’s uracil instead. Apples under helps you remember A with U. • Car in the garage helps you remember C with G.
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  https://microbenotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Differences-between-DNA-and-RNA-800x420.png
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  • References • https://i.imgur.com/rvYBypI.jpg •https://microbenotes.com/wp- content/uploads/2018/07/Differences-between-DNA-and-RNA- 800x420.png • https://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/nucleotides66742250831 28094915.png • https://youtu.be/JQByjprj_mA