DNS_Presentation.pptx
- 1. TCP/IP and Upper Layer Protocols
- 2. Define DNS • The Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses. • For example, • when a Web address (URL) is typed into a browser, DNS servers return the IP address of the Web server associated with that name. • DNS converts the URL www.company.com into the IP address 204.0.8.51.
- 3. Why is DNS important? • DNS is like a phone book for the Internet. • If you know a person’s name but don’t know their telephone number, you can simply look it up in a phone book. • DNS provides this same service to the Internet. • When you visit http://yahoo.com in a browser, • your computer uses DNS to retrieve the website’s IP address of 204.13.248.115.
- 4. How DNS Works • DNS is a client/server network communication systems: • DNS clients send requests to and receive responses from DNS servers. • Requests containing an IP address and resulting in a name, called reverse DNS lookups.
- 5. IP Addresses and Domain Names • An IP address, or Internet Protocol address, is a complex string of numbers that acts as a binary identifier for devices across the Internet. • In short, an IP address is the address that computers, servers and other devices use to identify one another online. • The vast majority of IP addresses are arranged into four sets of digits - i.e., 12.34.56.78.
- 6. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) • It is compony that provides the internet access to the home and business users. • They provide different types of internet planes and packages for the users, • The user can select the desired plane according to their requirement. • PTCL, World call, wi-tribe are popular ISPS in Pakistan.
- 7. TYPES OF DOMAIN GENERIC DOMAIN COUNTRY DOMAIN
- 8. GENERIC DOMAIN • A domain name is the sequence of labels from a node to the root, separated by dots (“.”s), read left to right • Domain names are limited to 255 characters in length n o m in u m m e t a in f o c o m b e r k e le y n w u e d u g o v a r m y m il n e t o r g " "
- 9. There are also country code top-level domain names for every nation, like: • .pk, Pakistan • .ae, Arab Emirates • .us, United States • .mx, Mexico • .uk, United Kingdom etc. These are called “country code” top-level domains (ccTLDs). Country Domain
- 10. Top Level Domains • A Top Level Domain refers to the part of a domain name that comes after the period. • there's a comparatively static number of Top Level Domains; • .com, .edu,.gov,.info and .org are just a few key examples.
- 11. Registrars sell domain names • For most generic TLDs there are many registrars and a competitive registration market place: • http://www.name.com • http://www.godaddy.com • http://www.hostgator.com • http://www.justhost.com etc.
- 12. Registering a domain – check for availability
- 13. Larrypress.com was taken, but these are available and for sale
- 14. Getting a Web Page • Converting the domain name (URL) in a Web browser into an IP address takes numerous queries.
- 15. DNS SERVER • There are different types of DNS SERVER available we can install any of them as per our requirement. • It`s Types, • Primary: Locally stored files exists on the name server data base. • Secondary: Gets data called a zone transfer from another server that is the zone authority. • No special hardware necessary
- 16. Types of Name Servers • An Authoritative name server is one that is configured from an original source • e.g., the • system administrator for the given domain • Two forms of authoritative name servers • master– where the original records are stored • slave– obtains its information from masters but can still be authoritative as long as they are up to date.
- 17. DNS TOOLS • There are several tools for monitoring DNS information: •whois – tells you the owner and primary DNS servers associated with a domain • e.g. whois of yahoo.com https://www.whois.com/whois/yahoo.com
- 18. DNS Queries • A DNS query packet is formed at the application layer. • DNS is unique, as it can utilize either UDP/IP or TCP/IP to send a message.
- 19. DNS NAME SPACE • The name space is the structure of the DNS database • An inverted tree with the root node at the top • Each node has a label • The root node has a null label, written as “ ”
- 20. DNS Components There are 3 components: • Name Space: Specifications for a structured name space and data associated with the names • Resolvers: Client programs that extract information from Name Servers. • Name Servers: Server programs which hold information about the structure and the names.
- 21. Subdomains One domain is a subdomain of another if its top node is a descendant of the other’s top node More simply, one domain is a subdomain of another if its domain name ends in the other’s domain name • So • purchase.tradus.com is a subdomain of • tradus.com
- 22. Loads On DNS • DNS root servers get approximately 3000 queries per second.
- 23. Zones • it represents an area of the Internet that is in one administered space • The zone statement defines the characteristics of a given zone (subdomain) • the zone name is extended to the domain name, • zone options are largely but also include • allow-transfer – which slaves can obtain info • allow-update – the masters which can update this DNS
- 24. Name Servers and Zones 10.0.0.6 cub.ac.pk 20.1.1.1 10.0.0.5 Name Servers cu.com Zones 10.0.0.6 serves data for both central university ofbihar.ac.in and cub.org zones 10.0.0.5 serves data for cub.ac.in zone only 20.1.1.1 serves data for cu.com zone only
- 25. Dividing a Domain into Zones nominum.com domain nominum.com zone ams.nominum.com zone rwc.nominum.com zone .arpa acmebw molokai skye rwc www ftp gouda cheddar ams nominum netsol .com .edu ""
- 26. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) • ICANN’s role: to oversee the management of Internet resources including • Addresses • Delegating blocks of addresses to the regional registries • Protocol identifiers and parameters • Allocating port numbers, etc. • Names • Administration of the root zone file • Oversee the operation of the root name servers