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MENSTRUAL HEALTH & HYGIENE PPT DR SUJIT KUMR MD
- 1. SCIENTIFIC PAPER PRESENTATION PARULINSTITUTE OF AYURVEDA PRESENTED BY- DR. SUJIT KUMAR PG SCHOLAR KRIYA SHARIRA DEPT. GUIDED BY – DR.VAIDEHI V. RAOLE ( PROF.) DR.SUNIL NIKHATE (HOD & ASSO. PROF.) MENSTRUAL HEALTH – MENARCHE TO MENOPAUSE DEPARTMENT OF KRIYA SHARIRA
- 3. OUT LINE: Introduction Definition Characteristics ofnormal menstruation T h e hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis Ovarian cycle Menstrual cycle Menstrual health and Hygiene Management
- 5. INTRODUCTION Typically, awoman of childbearing age or reproductive age (15-45) should menstruate every 28 days or so unless she's pregnant or moving into menopause. But numerous things can wrong with the normal menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle is essential for the production of eggs, and for the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy.
- 6. DEFINITION Menstruation meanscyclic uterine bleeding caused by shedding of progestational endometrium, it occurs between menarche and menopause. Menstruation (also called menstrual bleeding or menses).
- 7. CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMALMENSTRUATION Menarche: 11-16 years. average 13 years. Duration: 2-7 days (<2 days is hypomenorrheaand >7 days is menorrhagia ). Amount: 30-80 ml., uses 3 napkins per day, (>80 ml. is menorrhagia and < 30 ml., is hypomenorrhea.
- 8. THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-OVARIAN AXIS: There Aretwo main components of the menstrual cycle, the changes that happen in the ovaries in response to pituitary hormones (i.e. the ovarian cycle) And the variations that take place in the uterus,but it is important to remember that both cycles work together simultaneously to produce the menstrual cycle. Changes in cervical mucus also take place during the course of the menstrual cycle.
- 10. OVARIAN CYCLE: The ovariancycle refers to Periodic changes that occur in the ovary every month during the ♀ reproductive life. Cyclical changes is occur in response to, two anterior pituitary hormones: Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH). Luteinizing hormone (LH).
- 11. The changes thatoccur in the ovary during each cycle can be divided into three phases: 1) Follicular phase (day 1-13 ) 2) Ovulatory phase(day 13-15) 3) The luteal phase (day 15-28). These phases run in parallel with the phases of the uterine cycle and together comprise the menstrual cycle.
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- 13. EACH MENSTRUALCYCLE, THE HYPOTHALAMUS SECRETES -----< GNRH, IN A PULSATILE MANNER TO STIMULATE ----< ANT. PIT. GLAND TO SECRETES ------< FSH & LH. F S H is responsible for the growth of Several primary follicle. The follicular phase is controlled by FSH, encompasses days 1 to 13 of a 28-day cycle.
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- 15. The estrogenpeak stimulates secretion of LH The LH peak leads to :- The follicle to burst open, releasing the mature process ovum into the abdominal cavity, called (ovulation). and corpus luteum formation. Ovulation occurs on day 14 of a 28-day cycle.
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- 17. After ovulation, LHlevels remain elevated and cause the remnants of the follicle to develop into a yellow body called the corpus luteum. In addition to producing oestrogen, the corpus luteum secretes a hormone called progesterone.
- 18. when progesterone reachesa high level it inhibits the secretion of LH leads degeneration of the corpous luteum (If fertilization does not take place) then, oestrogen and progesterone drop & separation of the endometrium (menstruation) & stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete more GnRH, a new cycle is started.
- 20. II -UTERINE CYCLE: T h e uterine cycle refers to the changes that are found in the uterine lining of the uterus. These changes come about in response to the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. There are 4 four phases to this cycle: 1. Menstrual, 2.proliferative, 3.secretory 4.ischemic.
- 24. MENSTRUAL HEALTH ANDHYGIENE MANAGEMENT
- 25. CARE COMFORT MEASURESDURING MENSTRUATION Menstrual hygiene: 1 - Sanitary pads and tampons: Wash hands before & after giving self-perinealcare. Washing or wiping the perineum should be always done from front to back. Reduce use of tampons by substituting sanitarypads especially at night. Us e tampon only for heavymenstrual flow.
- 26. 2 - Vaginalspray and douching: Spray should be used externally only not withpads. Should not be applied with broken irritated or itched skin. Douching washes away the natural mucus and upsets the vaginal ecology, thus make it liable to infection.
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