Draw and explain the architecture of general purpose microprocessor
- 1. WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION Topics: Draw and explain the architecture of general purpose microprocessor Name: xxxx ID: xxxxxx
- 2. What is a Microprocessor? • The microprocessor is the central unit of a computer system that performs arithmetic and logic operations, which generally include adding, subtracting, transferring numbers from one area to another, and comparing two numbers. It's often known simply as a processor, a central processing unit, or as a logic chip. It's essentially the engine or the brain of the computer that goes into motion when the computer is switched on. It's a programmable, multipurpose device that incorporates the functions of a CPU (central processing unit) on a single IC (integrated circuit).
- 3. How Does a Microprocessor Work? A microprocessor accepts binary data as input, processes that data, and then provides output based on the instructions stored in the memory. The data is processed using the microprocessor's ALU (arithmetical and logical unit), control unit, and a register array. The register array processes the data via a number of registers that act as temporary fast access memory locations. The flow of instructions and data through the system is managed by the control unit.
- 4. Benefits of a Microprocessor? • computer systems aren't the only devices that use microprocessors. Everything from smartphones to household appliances to cars use microprocessors these days. Here are a few reasons why microprocessors are so widely used: • They don't cost a lot - Due to their use of IC technology, microprocessors don't cost much to produce. This means that the use of microprocessors can greatly reduce the cost of the system it's used in. • They are fast - The technology used to produce modern microprocessors has allowed them to operate at incredibly high speeds--today's microprocessors can execute millions of instructions per second. • They consume little power - Power consumption is much lower than other types of processors since microprocessors are manufactured using metal oxide semiconductor technology. This makes devices equipped with microprocessors much more energy efficient.
- 5. Common Terms Used • Word Length • Word length refers to the number of bits in the processor's internal data bus--or the number of bits that a processor can process at any given time. For example, an 8-bit processor will have 8-bit registers, an 8-bit data bus, and will perform 8-bit processing at a time. • Instruction Set • The instruction set is the series of commands that a microprocessor can understand. Essentially, it's the interface between the hardware and the software. • Cache Memory • The cache memory is used to store data or instructions that the software or program frequently references during operation. Basically, it helps to increase the operation's overall speed by allowing the processor to access data more quickly than from a regular RAM.
- 6. Block diagram of microprocessor The microprocessor is a semiconductor device (Integrated Circuit) manufactured by the VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) technique. It includes the ALU, register arrays and control circuit on a single chip. A system designed using a microprocessor as its CPU is called a microcomputer. The Microprocessor based system (single board microcomputer) consists of microprocessor as CPU, semiconductor memories like EPROM and RAM, input device, output device and interfacing devices. The memories, input device, output device and interfacing devices are called peripherals. The popular input devices are keyboard and floppy disk and the output devices are printer, LED/LCD displays, CRT monitor, etc.