Drought tolerance mechanism in plant
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This presentation outlines the mechanisms of drought tolerance in plants. It discusses how drought stress affects crop growth and yield, and the various tolerance mechanisms plants have evolved, including escape, avoidance, and tolerance. Drought stress can cause oxidative stress in plants through increased reactive oxygen species production. Plants have developed morphological, physiological and biochemical modifications to cope with drought, such as osmotic adjustment, antioxidant production, and hormonal signaling. Integrating molecular approaches with conventional breeding is recommended to develop new crop varieties with improved drought resistance and ensure future food security.
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Drought tolerance mechanism in plant
- 2. Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud Reg No. 10-03844 Department of Agronomy Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University
- 3. STUDY THE MECHANISM OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN PLANT
- 4. Presentation Outline Background Information Abiotic stress & Drought Drought effect on crop Stress tolerance mechanism Conclusion & Recommendations Q & A 4
- 5. Objectives Get an overview on abiotic stress induced drought stress Study plant responses to drought stress Discuss Drought effect on crop growth and yield Outline drought tolerance mechanism in plant To… 5
- 6. Background
- 8. 8
- 9. Stress? Unfavourable conditions that affects or blocks a plant’s metabolism, growth or development (gaspar et al., 2002) Adverse situation that create mental or emotional strain 9
- 10. Plant 10
- 11. Nutrient Imbalance Water stress Mechanical stress Temp. stress Pollutants Radiation (Light,UV)Heavy Metal Salinity Figure. Plant faces Abiotic Stresses Drought Abiotic Stress 11
- 12. Introduction
- 13. Drought Unavailability of water as required by plants due to physical or physiological reason Physical: insufficient rainfall, high temperature Physiological: salinity, ion imbalance, osmotic regulation 13
- 14. Drought: World Scenario Affects 35% of the world’s agricultural land Drought prone Approx. 26% of world arable land Limits >50% of world agricultural productivity (Comas et al. 2013) Due to drought and desertification each year 12 million hectares are lost, where 20 million tons of grain could have been grown (FAO, 2014) 14
- 15. Fig: world trends in Drought (20-21th C) (Sheffield et al, 2011) 15
- 16. Drought Types Meteorological Drought Rainfall < 25 % of the average of the region. (<50 %- severe drought) 16
- 17. Drought Types Agricultural Drought lack of rainfall result in insufficient moisture in the root zone 17
- 18. Drought Types Hydrological Drought • Extended dry period • Marked depletion of surface water • Drying up of reservoir, lacks ,streams, rivers etc. 18
- 20. Materials & Methods Materials Different crop species Methods Stress defense mechanism by plant Drought stress mechanism in plant Drought effect on plant Tolerance mechanism * Information collected from secondary sources ( Journals, Books, thesis, online, etc.) 20
- 21. ROS Reactive oxygen species (1O2, O2 -,OH-,H2O2) AOX Enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GPX, GR) Non-Enzymatic (AsA, GSH, GS SG, DHA) Balance Normal Plant Plant stress defense mechanism 21
- 22. What happens, while Plant got stressed ?? What is oxidative stress?? 22
- 24. Protein degradation ROS effects on plant Enzyme inactivation DNA damage Lipid peroxidation 24
- 25. Drought stress Mechanism Drought stress (reduced water availability) ABA signaling Stomatal closure Diminished CO2 influxROS Production Oxidative Stress Fig: Drought stress mechanism in plant 25
- 26. Effect of Drought on plant 1. Reduced seed germination & seedling development 2. Poor vegetative growth 3. Effect on Photosynthesis 4. Affect reproductive growth 5. Reduced plant height and leaf area 6. Severely reduce leaf weight 7. Reduce stomatal conductance 26
- 27. Drought effect on plant growth Drought stress (Reduced water availability) Impaired mitosis Limited cell division Obstructed cell elongation Loss of turgor Diminished growth Fig. Mechanisms of growth reduction under drought stress (Farooq et al., 2009) 27
- 28. Drought Effect on crop yield Crop Growth stage Yield reduction Barley Seed filling 49–57% Maize Grain filling 79-81% Maize Vegetative 25–60% Maize Reproductive 63–87% Rice Reproductive 24–84% Chickpea Reproductive 45–69% Pigeon pea Reproductive 40–55% Soybean Reproductive 46–71% Cowpea Reproductive 60–11% Table. 1 Economic yield reduction by drought stress in some representative field crops. (Farooq et al., 2009) 28
- 29. Drought Tolerance Mechanism Includes.. Morphological, physiological and biochemical modification in plant to cope with drought Escape Avoidance Tolerance 29
- 30. Drought Tolerance Mechanism Drought Escape Complete crop life-cycle before soil water depletion Form dormant seed before dry season commence 30
- 31. Drought Tolerance Mechanism Drought avoidance Maintain relative water balance despite low soil water Deeper root growth in the soil Stomatal control of transpiration Reduced surface by smaller and thicker leaves Figure: Drought Avoidance : Reduced surface by smaller and thicker leaves 31
- 32. Drought Tolerance Mechanism Drought tolerance withstand water deficit with low tissue water potential osmotic adjustment (a process which induces solute accumulation in cell) 32
- 33. Plant stress tolerance protectants Osmoregulators Proline Sucrose Trehalose Glycine betaine Alaninebetaine Prolinebetaine Phyto-hormones Auxin Cytokinins Abscisic acid Ethylene Gibberellins Salicylic acid Brassinosteroids Jasmonates Signaling molecules H2O2 Nitric oxides Antioxidants Ascorbic acid Glutathione α-Tocopherol Trace elements Micro-nutrients K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn,Mo, Cu, etc. Polyamines Arginine Ornithine Spermidine 33
- 35. Conclusion Global warming increasing drought effect on crop productivity To feed the increasing population stresses need to manage to ensure food security Integration of the molecular approaches, morpho- physiological analysis, and conventional breeding strategies will accelerate cultivating drought-resistant plants for agricultural production. 35
- 36. Recommendation The crop plant have involved certain resistance against drought stress We should identify these mechanism and traits Need to develop more drought tolerant varieties 36
- 37. Recommendation Non conventional approaches i.e. molecular breeding can play a significant role to built drought tolerance. Genomic regions carrying drought tolerant gene can contribute for abiotic stress tolerance. 37
- 38. Feed me to feed you……. 17th June World day to combat desertification