2. SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
(6ET4 )
UNIT-I :
Discrete time signals and system: Classification of signals, singularity function,
amplitude and phase spectra, simple manipulation, Classification of systems,
representations of systems, analog to digital conversion of signal. (10)
UNIT-II:
Z- transform: mapping of s-plane to Z-plane, Region of Conversion and its
properties, Properties of Z-transform, evaluation of inverse Z-transform using long
division method, PFE method and residue method, difference equation and its
relation with system function, impulse response and frequency response . (9)
UNIT-III:
Discrete and Fast Fourier Transform: Discrete convolution, Discrete Time Fourier
Transforms (DTFT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Computing an Inverse DFT by
Doing a Direct DFT. Fast convolution, correlation. (9)
3. SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
UNIT-IV:
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters: Magnitude and Phase response of digital
filter, Frequency Response of linear phase FIR filter, Design techniques for FIR
filter: Fourier series method, windowing method using Rectangular window,
Half band digital filter. Realization of basic structure FIR system: Direct form,
Cascade, linear phase. (8)
UNIT-V:
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters: IIR filter design by approximation of
derivatives, impulse invariant method, Bilinear transformation method,
Butterworth filter and Chebyshev filter. Realization of basic structure IIR
system: Direct form I, Direct form II, Cascade and parallel. (8)
UNIT-VI:
Multirate Digital Signal Processing: Sampling, Sampling rate conversion, signal
flow graph, filter structure, polyphase decomposition, digital filter design,
multilevel filter bank. Overview and architecture of DSP processor
TMS320C54XX. (8 )
4. SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
TEXT BOOKS :
1.S. Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj, “Digital Signal Processing”, Tata
McGraw-Hill Education, 2001.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1.Oppenheim & Schafer, “Discrete time Processing”, PHI.
2. Proakis & Manolakis D.G., “Digital Signal Processing”, PHI.
3. Mitra S.K., “Digital Signal Processing”, TMH.
4. Roman Kuc, “Digital Signal Processing”, MGH.
5. Ifeacher E.C., Jervis B. W., “Digital Signal Processing”, Addison
Wesley.
6. P. P. Vaidyanathan, “DSP and Multirate Systems”, PHI.
5. SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
Introduction to DSP’s
• DSP’s process signals
• Signal – a detectable physical quantity or
impulse (as a voltage, current, or
magnetic field strength) by which
messages or information can be
transmitted (Webster Dictionary)
6. SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
• Signal Characteristics:
– Signals are Physical Quantities:
– Signals are Measurable
– Signals are Analog
– Signals Contain Information.
• Examples:
– Temperature [o
C]
– Pressure [Newtons/m2
] or [Pa]
– Mass [kg]
– Speed [m/s]
– Acceleration [m/s2
]
– Torque [Newton*m]
– Voltage [Volts]
– Current [Amps]
– Power [Watts]
• In this class, analog signals are electrical.
– Sensors: are devices that convert other physical quantities (temperature,
pressure, etc.) to electrical signals.
7. SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
• DSP process digital signals:
– Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
• Binary representation of the analog signal
– Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
• Digital representation of the signal is converted to continuous
analog signal.
• Analog Continuous
10. Why Processing Signals?
• Extraction of Information
– Amplitude
– Phase
– Frequency
– Spectral Content
• Transform the Signal
– FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple
Access)
– TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
– CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
• Compress Data
– ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse
Code Modulation)
– CELP (Code Excited Linear Prediction)
– MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)
– HDTV (High Definition TV)
• Generate Feedback Control Signal
– Robotics (ASIMOV)
– Vehicle Manufacturing
– Process Control
• Extraction of Signal in Noise
– Filtering
– Autocorrelation
– Convolution
• Store Signals in Digital Format for
Analysis
– FFT
– …
SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & TC
11. Typical Architecture of a DSP System
Sensor
ADC
Analog Signal
Conditioning
Digital Signal
Conditioning
DSP DAC
Analog Signal Processing
Digital Signal Processing
SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & TC
12. SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
Signal Processing
Humans are the most advanced signal processors
speech and pattern recognition, speech synthesis,…
We encounter many types of signals in various applications
Electrical signals: voltage, current, magnetic and electric fields,
…
Mechanical signals: velocity, force, displacement,…
Acoustic signals: sound, vibration,…
Other signals: pressure, temperature,…
Most real-world signals are analog
They are continuous in time and amplitude
Convert to voltage or currents using sensors and transducers
Analog circuits process these signals using
Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Amplifiers,…
Analog signal processing examples
Audio processing in FM radios
Video processing in traditional TV sets
13. SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
Limitations of Analog Signal Processing
• Accuracy limitations due to
– Component tolerances
– Undesired nonlinearities
• Limited repeatability due to
– Tolerances
– Changes in environmental conditions
• Temperature
• Vibration
• Sensitivity to electrical noise
• Limited dynamic range for voltage and currents
• Inflexibility to changes
• Difficulty of implementing certain operations
– Nonlinear operations
– Time-varying operations
• Difficulty of storing information
14. SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
Digital Signal Processing
• Represent signals by a sequence of numbers
– Sampling or analog-to-digital conversions
• Perform processing on these numbers with a digital processor
– Digital signal processing
• Reconstruct analog signal from processed numbers
– Reconstruction or
A/D DSP D/A
analog
signal
analog
signal
digital
signal
digital
signal
• Analog input – analog output
– Digital recording of music
• Analog input – digital output
– Touch tone phone dialing
• Digital input – analog output
– Text to speech
• Digital input – digital output
– Compression of a file on computer
15. SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
DSP is Everywhere
• Sound applications
– Compression, special effects, synthesis, recognition, echo cancellation,…
– Cell Phones, MP3 Players, Movies, Dictation, Text-to-speech,…
• Communication
– Modulation, coding, detection, equalization, echo cancellation,…
– Cell Phones, dial-up modem, DSL modem, Satellite Receiver,…
• Automotive
– ABS, GPS, Active Noise Cancellation, Cruise Control, Parking,…
• Medical
– Magnetic Resonance, Tomography, Electrocardiogram,…
• Military
– Radar, Sonar, Space photographs, remote sensing,…
• Image and Video Applications
– DVD, JPEG, Movie special effects, video conferencing,…
• Mechanical
– Motor control, process control, oil and mineral prospecting,…
![SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & T
• Signal Characteristics:
– Signals are Physical Quantities:
– Signals are Measurable
– Signals are Analog
– Signals Contain Information.
• Examples:
– Temperature [o
C]
– Pressure [Newtons/m2
] or [Pa]
– Mass [kg]
– Speed [m/s]
– Acceleration [m/s2
]
– Torque [Newton*m]
– Voltage [Volts]
– Current [Amps]
– Power [Watts]
• In this class, analog signals are electrical.
– Sensors: are devices that convert other physical quantities (temperature,
pressure, etc.) to electrical signals.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dspunit-i-250705062618-dafb338c/85/DSP_Unit-I-ppt-Unit-1-notes-for-JNTUHs-6-320.jpg)
![ADC
x(t) Analog
Low-pass
Filter
Sample
and
Hold
fs
b) Amplitude Quantized Signal
xa(nT)
x[n]
Quantizer DSP
c) Amplitude & Time Quantized – Digital Signal
a) Continuous Signal
SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & TC
Dept. of E & T](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dspunit-i-250705062618-dafb338c/85/DSP_Unit-I-ppt-Unit-1-notes-for-JNTUHs-8-320.jpg)
![DAC
DSP Digital
to
Analog
Conver
ter
Analog
Low-
pass
Filter
y[n]
y(t)
ya(nT)
c) Continuous Low-pass filtered Signal
b) Analog Signal
a) Digital Output Signal
SSGMCE
Shegaon
Prof. V. N. Bhonge Dept. of E & TC](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dspunit-i-250705062618-dafb338c/85/DSP_Unit-I-ppt-Unit-1-notes-for-JNTUHs-9-320.jpg)
