E-Waste | Electronic Waste PPT
60 likes•52,433 views
Electronic waste (e-waste) is rapidly increasing globally, with an estimated 50 million tons produced annually, posing significant environmental and health threats due to toxic materials. Major e-waste dumping sites like Guiyu, China, showcase severe pollution and health issues, particularly among children exposed to lead and other hazardous substances. Effective e-waste management requires collaboration among governments, industries, and citizens to promote recycling, sustainable product design, and reduce waste generation.
E-Waste | Electronic Waste PPT
- 1. E-WASTE Created by: Anup Mahato
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Electronic waste or e-waste is any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance. • E-waste includes computers, entertainment electronics, mobile phones and other items that have been discarded by their original users.
- 3. CAUSES • E-waste is the most rapidly growing waste problem in the world. • It is a crisis of not quantity alone but also a crisis born from toxics ingredients, posing a threat to the occupational health as well as the environment. • Rapid technology change, changes in media (tapes, software, MP3), falling prices, low initial cost, high obsolescence rate have resulted in a fast growing problem around the globe.
- 4. A GLOBAL CHALLENGE • • An estimated 50 million tons of E-waste are produced each year. • The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that only 15-20% of ewaste is recycled, the rest of these electronics go directly into landfills and incinerators • the amount of e-waste being produced - including mobile phones and computers - could rise by as much as 500 percent over the next decade in some countries, such as India. • The United States is the world leader in producing electronic waste, tossing away about 3 million tons each year. • China already produces about 2.3 million tons (2010 estimate) domestically, second only to the United States. And, despite having banned e-waste imports, China remains a major e-waste dumping ground for developed The USA discards 30 million computers each year and 100 million phones are disposed of in Europe each year.
- 6. TOXIC SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN E-WASTE Hazardou s Americium Lead Mercury Sulphur Cadmium Beryllium oxide NonHazardous Aluminum Copper Germanium Gold Iron Lithium Nickel Silicon Tin Zinc
- 7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC WASTE • Mercury: Found in fluorescent tubes causes environmental effects in animals include death, reduced fertility, slower growth and development. • Sulphur: Found in lead-acid batteries. Health effects include liver damage, kidney damage, heart damage, eye and throat irritation. When released into the environment, it can create sulphuric acid. • Lead: Found in Solder, CRT monitor glass, lead-acid batteries, some formulations of PVC. Adverse effects of lead exposure include impaired cognitive function, behavioral disturbances, attention deficits, hyperactivity, conduct problems and lower IQ. • There is also evidence of DNA breaks which can increase the likelihood of developing cancer. • Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels can cause damage to cell structures.
- 8. ELECTRONIC WASTE DUMP OF THE WORLD: GUIYU, CHINA • It is often referred to as the “e-waste capital of the world.” • The city employs over 150,000 e-waste workers that work through 16hour days disassembling old computers and recapturing whatever metals and parts they can reuse or sell. • Soaring levels of toxic heavy metals and organic contaminants in the soil. • 82% of the Guiyu children had blood/lead levels of more than 100. • The highest concentrations of lead were found in the children of parents whose workshop dealt with circuit boards and the lowest was among those who recycled plastic.
- 9. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS IN GUIYU, CHINA • Airborne dioxins – one type found at 100 times levels previously measured. • Levels of carcinogens in duck ponds and rice paddies exceeded international standards for agricultural areas and cadmium, copper, nickel, and lead levels in rice paddies were above international standards. • Heavy metals found in road dust – lead over 300 times that of a control village’s road dust and copper over 100 times
- 10. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT In industries management of e-waste should begin at the point of generation. This can be done by waste minimization techniques and by sustainable product design. Waste minimization in industries involves adopting: • inventory management, • production-process modification, • volume reduction, • recovery and reuse.
- 11. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT • Proper control over the materials used in the manufacturing process is an important way to reduce waste generation. • By reducing both the quantity of hazardous materials used in the process and the amount of excess raw materials in stock, the quantity of waste generated can be reduced. • This can be done in two ways i.e. establishing material-purchase review and control procedures and inventory tracking system. • Ensure that only the needed quantity of a material is ordered.
- 12. PRODUCTION-PROCESS MODIFICATION • Changes can be made in the production process, which will reduce waste generation. • Improvements in the operation and maintenance of process equipment can result in significant waste reduction. • Hazardous materials used in either a product formulation or a production process may be replaced with a less hazardous or nonhazardous material. • Installing more efficient process equipment or modifying existing equipment to take advantage of better production techniques can significantly reduce waste generation.
- 13. VOLUME REDUCTION • Volume reduction includes those techniques that remove the hazardous portion of a waste from a non-hazardous portion. • These techniques are usually to reduce the volume, and thus the cost of disposing of a waste material. • For example, an electronic component manufacturer can use compaction equipment to reduce volume of waste cathode ray-tube.
- 14. RECOVERY AND REUSE • This technique could eliminate waste disposal costs, reduce raw material costs and provide income from a salable waste. • Waste can be recovered on-site, or at an off-site recovery facility, or through inter industry exchange. • For example, a printed-circuit board manufacturer can use electrolytic recovery to reclaim metals from copper and tin-lead plating bath.
- 15. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT • Governments should set up regulatory agencies in each state, which are vested with the responsibility of coordinating and consolidating the regulatory functions of the various government authorities regarding hazardous substances. • Governments must encourage research into the development and standard of hazardous waste management, environmental monitoring and the regulation of hazardous waste-disposal. • Governments should enforce strict regulations and heavy fines levied on industries, which do not practice waste prevention and recovery in the production facilities. • Governments should enforce strict regulations against dumping e-waste in the country by outsiders. • Governments should explore opportunities to partner with manufacturers and retailers to provide recycling services.
- 16. RESPONSIBILITY AND ROLE OF INDUSTRIES • Use label materials to assist in recycling (particularly plastics). • Standardize components for easy disassembly. • Re-evaluate 'cheap products' use, make product cycle 'cheap' and so that it • has no inherent value that would encourage a recycling infrastructure. • Create computer components and peripherals of biodegradable materials. • Utilize technology sharing particularly for manufacturing and de manufacturing. • Encourage / promote / require green procurement for corporate buyers.
- 17. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CITIZEN • Recycling raw materials from end-of-life electronics is the most effective solution to the growing e-waste problem. • E-wastes should never be disposed with garbage and other household wastes. This should be segregated at the site and sold or donated to various organizations. • Reuse, in addition to being an environmentally preferable alternative, also benefits society. By donating used electronics, schools, non-profit organizations, and lowerincome families can afford to use equipment that they otherwise could not afford. • Gather any unwanted chargers, accessories or batteries to recycle –find national recycling center of the company
- 18. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN • Minimization of hazardous wastes should be at product design stage itself keeping in mind the following factors • Rethink the product design • Use of renewable materials and energy(e.g. use of Biobased plastics) • Use of non-renewable materials that are safer (ensure the product is built for re-use, repair and/or upgradeability)
- 20. REFERENCES • Centre for Ecological Sciences, IISc, Bangalore http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in) • United Nations Environment Programme - http://www.unep.org • http:// wikipedia.org • http://www.greenpeace.org/ • http://www.dosomething.org/