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Ecology and evolution of maple tree invasion
- 1. York University November 27th, 2013 Ecology and Evolution of Invasive Maple Tree Species Laurent J. Lamarque PhD oral examination Advisors: Chris Lortie and Sylvain Delzon
- 2. Context Biological invasions: a worldwide phenomenon Argentine ant in South Africa Spiny water flea in North America Cane toad in Australia Marine invasive species (Moles et al. 2008 FEE)
- 3. Context With important ecological and economic impacts - Major driver of the decline of biodiversity worldwide - Cost of control amounts to $120 billion/year in the USA Gurevitch et al. 2011 Ecol. Lett.
- 4. Context Invasive plants have been well studied Pysek et al. 2008 Trends Ecol. Evol.
- 5. Context But invasive trees are understudied Centaurea stoebe Tamarix spp Invasive plants NOT trees Invasive trees Number of studies (ISI WoS) 1,535 222 Most intensively studied invasive species (Pysek et al. 2008 Trends. Ecol. Evol.) 14 2
- 6. State of art Biological invasions are complex processes Propagule pressure Resource availability Competitive ability Disturbance Enemy release Facilitation Allelopathy
- 7. State of art Biological invasions are complex processes Resource availability Competitive ability Disturbance Enemy release Facilitation Allelopathy
- 8. State of art Biological invasions are complex processes Are tree invaders different?
- 9. Material Invasive maple trees = good candidates Acer negundo L. Acer platanoides L.
- 10. Method Common gardens to study genetic differences
- 11. Method Many single common garden studies
- 12. Method Many single common garden studies
- 13. Recent advances Leading to pitfalls of data interpretation Williams et al. 2008 Oecologia
- 14. Recent advances Appropriate test for genetic differentiation among invaders: reciprocal common gardens
- 15. Recent advances Few reciprocal common garden studies None on invasive trees
- 16. Recent advances Evolution vs. pre-adaptation of plasticity
- 17. Recent advances Evolution vs. pre-adaptation of plasticity
- 18. Objective: ecological and evolutionary processes of tree invasions Are tree invaders different? I. Population demography II. Traits promoting invasiveness III. Genetic and environmental determinism of traits
- 19. I. Population demography Importance of biogeography to study invasions Hierro et al. 2005 J. Ecol.
- 20. I. Population demography Acer negundo: higher abundance in its introduced range Lamarque et al. 2012 Ecography
- 21. I. Population demography This is not true for Acer platanoides Lamarque et al. 2012 Ecography
- 22. I. Population demography And this is not a universal pattern Parker et al. 2013 Ecology
- 23. I. Population demography And this is not a universal pattern Interactions traits*environment Parker et al. 2013 Ecology
- 24. II. Traits promoting invasiveness Research on species traits tells us a lot Interspecific comparisons across resource availability gradients Meta-analysis on trait differences between native and invasive trees
- 25. II. Traits promoting invasiveness Research on species traits tells us a lot Interspecific comparisons across resource availability gradients Meta-analysis on trait differences between native and invasive trees
- 26. II. Traits promoting invasiveness Acer negundo: increased plasticity to nutrient Porté, Lamarque et al. 2011 BMC Ecology
- 27. II. Traits promoting invasiveness Acer negundo: and higher trait values Porté, Lamarque et al. 2011 BMC Ecology
- 28. II. Traits promoting invasiveness Is it a global pattern? Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Invasions
- 29. II. Traits promoting invasiveness Traits: good determinants of tree invasiveness Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Invasions
- 30. II. Traits promoting invasiveness Reproduction may also be important Hawkes 2007 Am. Nat. Hawkes 2007 Am. Nat.
- 31. III. Determinism of traits Genetic and environmental determinism? Porté, Lamarque et al. 2011 BMC Ecology
- 32. III. Determinism of traits Genetic and environmental determinism? Reciprocal common gardens in species’ native and introduced ranges Intraspecific comparison across a resource availability gradient
- 33. Common Garden in Canada Koffler Scientific Reserve at Joker’s Hill, King City, ON Common Garden in France INRA Pierroton research station, Cestas, Gironde
- 34. III. Determinism of traits Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE Genetic differentiation within garden Traits Populations X Populations Y Garden 1
- 35. III. Determinism of traits Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE Genetic differentiation within garden Traits Populations X Populations Y Garden 1 Garden 2 No VG
- 36. III. Determinism of traits Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE Genetic differentiation within garden Populations X Populations Y *** Garden 1 Garden 2 Traits *** Garden 1 Garden 2 No VG VG
- 37. III. Determinism of traits Phenotypic variability: VP = VG + VE + VGXE Phenotypic plasticity between gardens Populations X Populations Y Populations X Populations Y Trait Populations X Populations Y Garden 1 Garden 2 VG, no VE Garden 1 Garden 2 VG, VE Garden 1 Garden 2 VG, VE, VGXE
- 38. III. Determinism of traits Genetic differentiation within garden (VG) Expected Populations X Populations Y Observed Invasive populations Native populations Acer negundo Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
- 39. III. Determinism of traits Genetic differentiation within garden (VG) Expected Populations X Populations Y Observed Invasive populations Native populations Acer negundo Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
- 40. III. Determinism of traits Genetic differentiation within garden (VG) Expected Populations X Populations Y Observed Invasive populations Native populations Acer platanoides Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
- 41. III. Determinism of traits Genetic differentiation within garden (VG) Expected Populations X Populations Y Observed Invasive populations Native populations Acer platanoides Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
- 42. III. Determinism of traits Different plasticity for only two traits (VGXE) Observed Trait Expected Populations X Populations Y Invasive populations Native populations Acer negundo Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
- 43. III. Determinism of traits Different plasticity for only two traits (VGXE) Observed Trait Expected Populations X Populations Y Invasive populations Native populations Acer negundo Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
- 44. III. Determinism of traits Pre-adapted plasticity to nutrient availability Expected Observed Invasive populations Native populations Acer negundo Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
- 45. III. Determinism of traits Genetic and environmental determinism? Expected Observed Invasiveness might be promoted by evolution to higher trait values than by evolved trait plasticity Invasive populations Native populations Acer negundo Lamarque et al. 2013 Plos One, Lamarque et al. submitted
- 46. III. Determinism of traits But more common gardens needed for VGXE VG *** VE *** VGXE *** VG *** VE *** VGXE *** VGXE2 *** Zenni, Lamy, Lamarque and Porté. Biol. Inv. in press
- 47. Conclusion Are tree invaders different? Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.
- 48. Conclusion No they aren’t Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.
- 49. Conclusion No they aren’t Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.
- 50. Conclusion Invasiveness and invasibility contribute equally Lamarque et al. 2011 Biol. Inv.
- 52. A. Porté Chris Lortie and Sylvain Delzon
- 54. York University November 27th, 2013 Ecology and Evolution of Invasive Maple Tree Species Laurent J. Lamarque PhD oral examination Advisors: Chris Lortie and Sylvain Delzon