Study on Basic structure of a Loom/Weaving machine .pdf
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The document discusses the basic structure and functions of a weaving loom. It describes the major components of a loom including the warp beam, heddles, harnesses, shuttle, reed, and cloth roller. It explains the primary motions of shedding, picking, and beating-up that are required to produce fabric. Secondary motions like take-up and let-off are also discussed. The document provides diagrams of loom parts and motions to illustrate how yarns are interlaced to form woven fabric on the machine.
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Study on Basic structure of a Loom/Weaving machine .pdf
- 1. 1 BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT) Course Title: Fabric Manufacturing Engineering-ll (lab) Course code: TEX3104 Experiment No: 01 Experiment Name: Study on Basic structure of a Loom/Weaving machine. Group: 06 Sec-2A Lab Report Submitted to: Submitted by: Ms. Taslima Ahmed Tamanna Id: 191-093-801, Lecturer, BUFT 191-267-801, Department of TE 191-285-801, Date: 04/04/2021 191-383-801
- 2. 2 Experiment Name: Study on Basic structure of a Loom/ Weaving machine. Introduction: Weaving is done on a machine called a loom. Loom is a machine which used to manufacture woven fabric. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same. Loom are driven by two ways. These are manual system and automatic system. Objectives: 1. To know about basic structure of a Loom/ Weaving machine 2. To know about how to produce fabric by loom without any damage. 3. To know about different parts of a loom and their functions. 4. To know about different types of loom and how they work. 5. To know about different motions which are used in loom. Apparatus: 1. Loom/ Weaving machine 2. Weft yarn 3. Warp yarn 4. Cloth beam 5. Weavers beam 6. Shuttle
- 3. 3 Description: In the loom, yarn processing includes shedding, picking, battening and taking-up operations. A weaving loom forms yarns into fabric by controlling the warp let-off and fabric take-up, the patterning of the yarns, the insertion of the filling or picks, and the beating-up of the filling yarn into the fabric. A loom contains different parts. Every part has individual function. The major components of the loom are the warp beam, heddles, harnesses or shafts (as few as two, four is common, sixteen not unheard of), shuttle, reed and take up roll. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same. Warp yarns are held taut within the loom, and weft yarns are inserted and pushed into place to make the fabric. The conversion of warp sheet into fabric by interlacing with weft yarn requires the basic operations to be carried out on loom in a specific order. It involves the primary motions, secondary motions and the stop motions. Loom motion controls the fabric production. By using these motion weavers can produce different types of fabrics.
- 4. 4 Images: Basic motions and essential parts of loom
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- 6. 6 Introduce different parts: Warp beam The warp beam, which holds the lengthwise yarns, is located at the back of the machine and is controlled so that it releases yarns to the weaving area of the loom as needed. Whip roll This is guide roller which directs the warp threads on their way to the lease rods and heddles. Lease rods Another guiding device it is for the warp yarns. These are two sorts of wooden or glass rods set between the whip rolls and the heddles. Alternating warp threads can be kept separate by passing over and under these rods. Heddles/Healds A heddle is a wire with a hole or eye in its center through which a warp yarn is threaded. There are as many heddles as there are warp yarns in the cloth, and the heddles are held in two or more harness. Harness A harness is a frame to hold the heddles. The harness position, the number of harness, and the warp yarns that are controlled by each harness determine the weave pattern or interlacing. Bobbin and Shuttle The filling thread is wound on a bobbin which sets into a shuttle or bobbin container. As the shuttle passes back and forth through the warp shed, it releases thread from the bobbin and so forms the filling cloth. Reed This is inevitably a combination made up of steel wire rods set vertically in a frame. The spaces between the wires are known as splits or dents and are kept even and parallel. This is the first function of reed. Its second function is to feed the filling thread into position. To do this it has to move in a back and forth motion.
- 7. 7 Breast beam The bar his is, at the front of the loom over which the cloth passes on its way to the cloth roller. Temples They divide at the edges of the cloth which supports to maintain fixed dimension in width. Main function of every parts during weaving and for motions of a loom: Functions of different parts of loom during weaving: Warp Beam: The warp beam, which holds the warp yarns, is located at the back of the machine and is controlled so that it releases warp yarns to the weaving area of the loom as needed. This beam is produced by warping. Healds Shaft: It is a frame which contain more amount of wire. Every wire contains a hole or eye in its center through which a warp yarn is threaded. Healds control the warp yarn to produce shed by the tappet, dobby, or jacquard mechanisms. Shuttle: Shuttle is the device used in weaving to carry the weft warn. The picking is completed by shuttle at shuttle loom. The filling thread is wound on a bobbin which sets into the shuttle or bobbin container. As the shuttle passes back and forth through the warp shed, it releases thread from the bobbin and so forms the filling cloth. Reed: This is inevitably a combination made up of steel wire rods set vertically in a frame. The spaces between the wires are known as splits or dents and are kept even and parallel. This is the first function of reed. Its second function is to feed the filling thread into position. To do this it has to move in a back and forth motion. It attaches the pick with fell of the cloth.
- 8. 8 Cloth Roller: The cloth beam, which holds the fabrics , is located at the front of the machine. The produced fabric is wind on this beam by take up motion. Picker: It is a parts which attach with a spindle. It’s get motion from picking arm and this motion help the shuttle to passing one side to another side. It made by plastics. Picking Stick or Arm: It is a wooden arm or stick which give motion on the picker. Temple: The parts at the edges of the cloth which supports to maintain fixed dimension in width. Lease Rod: Another guiding device it is for the warp yarns. These are two sorts of wooden or glass rods set between the whip rolls and the heddles. Alternating warp threads can be kept separate by passing over and under these rods. Loom Motions: Primary, Secondary and Stop Motions of Loom Loom has three types of motion: A. Primary motion B. Secondary motion C. Tertiary motion or Stop motion Primary motions These are the motion which are most necessary in any loom to produce the fabric without these motions weaving is not possible. These are the fundamental motions of a loom that is why these are called as primary motions. There are three primary motions of loom 1. Shedding 2. Picking 3. Beat-up
- 9. 9 Shedding: In this motion the word warp sheet is divided in two layers to form a tunnel known as shed that is the shuttle can pass through this shed. It can be formed by using tappet dobby or Jacquard shedding. Picking: In this motion a pick of weft passes through the shed from one side to another by the help of a shuttle. Shuttle is not used for picking in case of shuttle less loom. So picking is the process in which a weft is pass through the shed. Beat up: Beat up is the process in which the reed beats -up the last pick of weft up to the cloth fell position. Secondary motions These motions are next in importance to the primary motions. For continuous weaving these secondary motions are necessary. So these motion are call as secondary motions. There are two secondary motions 1.Take-up motion 2. Let-off motion Objectives of secondary motions 1. To provide facility for take up and let off motion. 2. It releases the warp from the back beam. 3. To take up the women cloth pick by pick. Take up motion In this motion the the cloth roller take up the fabric pick by pick as weaving take place. In this motion 5 wheel and 7 wheel are use.
- 10. 10 It is of two types 1. 5- wheel take up motion 2. 7- wheel take up motion Let off motion In this motion warp yarn are released from the weaver’s beam so that is weaving can take place. Let-off motion and take up motion works simultaneously. Let-off motion is of two types 1.Positive let of motion 2.Negative let off motion Auxiliary motions These motions are optional and not necessary but to get high productivity and good quality of fabric these are very useful motion. There are three auxiliary motions 1. Warp stop motion 2. Weft stop motion 3. Warp protector motion 1. Warp stop motion In this motion when there is a warp break due to any reason, the loom stops automatically and prevent the defect to take place. The warp stop motion is of two types
- 11. 11 a) Electrical warp stop motion b) Mechanical warp stop motion 2. Weft Stop motion This motion stops the loom, if the weft is not present in the shuttle or there is a missing Weft. It is a very important motion and helps to improve the quality of fabric. This motion is of two types a) Side weft fork motion b) Centre weft fork motion 3. Warp protector motion This motion is used in shuttle loom. This motion stops the loom when the shuttle gets trapped into the shed and the reed comes forward for beat up This motion protects the reed and warp yarns from being damage by the shuttle. It is of two types 1. Loose Reed motion 2. Fast reed motion Conclusion: In this experiment we get a clear idea about the basic structure of a Loom/ Weaving machine, Use of loom, how to produce fabric by loom without any damage, different parts of a loom and their functions, different types of loom and how they work, different motions which are used in loom. Loom motion controls the fabric production. By using these motion weavers can produce different types of fabrics. The purpose of loom is to hold the warp yarns so that weaving can take place properly. Loom give the facility to produce the desired design on any fabric. It would be much better if we could see the machine in in real life. It will have a great impact when we will see it in real life. This will help us in the upcoming experiment of this course and it will also helpful for future professional life.ar
- 12. 12 Reference: 1. https://textilelearner.net/how-to-improve-productivity-and-efficiency-in-weaving-mill/ 2.https://textilelearner.net/primary-secondary-and-stop-motions-of- loom/#:~:text=The%20conversion%20of%20warp%20sheet,Secondary%20motion 3.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom#:~:text=A%20loom%20is%20a%20device,basic%20functi on%20is%20the%20same. 4. https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/3759/facts-about-weaving-loom-types 5. https://textilehelp.org/objective-and-motions-of-loom/