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Effective teaching
Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik discusses the key skills required for effective teaching. These include introduction skills like engaging students and linking new topics to prior knowledge, presentation skills like explaining concepts, questioning techniques, and using teaching aids, as well as evaluation skills like formative and summative assessment. The document outlines techniques for each skill area and emphasizes the importance of teaching methods that are participatory, varied in their use of stimulus, and provide feedback to students and teachers.
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Effective teaching
- 1. TEACHING EFFECTIVELY Prof. RamakantaMohalik Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar India
- 2. Points to beDiscussed • Concept and nature of Teaching • Basic Teaching Skills • Introduction Skills • Presentation Skills • Evaluation Skills 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 3. Concept of Teaching •Interaction between teacher, students and subject matter. • Teaching is causing to learn • It involves selecting and orchestrating those teaching behaviors that are appropriate to the context and the teachers goal. 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 4. Principles of Teaching •Three phage: Pre-active, Interactive and Post-active. • Teaching should be pre-planned • Teaching should be based on students • Teaching should be participatory and interactive • It should provide variety of learning experience. 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 5. Requirements for EffectiveTeaching • L Shulman (1987) has identified seven elements that a good teacher should know • -Academic Subject • -General Teaching Strategy: Questioning, Using Blackboard, Managing Class etc • -Curriculum Material and Programmes 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 6. Requirements for EffectiveTeaching • Subject Specific Knowledge: Special way to teach a particular topic/group of students etc • Characteristics and cultural background of learner • Setting in which students learn-Pairs, small groups, teams, class • Goals and Purpose of teaching 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 7. Introducing Lesson • Thefirst 3-5 minutes activity is for introducing the topic. It is required to Test previous knowledge, Develop interest/motivation, Seek attention, Relate present topic to past and Make students ready to learn. 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 8. Means of IntroducingTopics: • Stating the Goals of Lesson, • Stating Major points to be covered, • Using Historical Material, • Using an Analogous situation, • Reviewing requisite knowledge, • Giving reason for studying the topic, • and presenting problem situation. 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 9. Techniques: • Questioning, • Demonstration, •Experiment • Story Telling • Role Play 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 10. Presentation Skills • Explaining •Questioning • Lecturing • Black/White board writing • Stimulus variation • Classroom Management • Reinforcement • Teaching aids 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 11. Skill of Explaining •The main purpose is to make students understand the concept/principles. • It is going deep into the matter with suitable example, logically organised, using non-verbal gestures and cues. • Explanation is of three types: Interpretative (what) , Descriptive (how) and Reason giving (why) 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 12. Features of GoodExplanation • Related to topic • Interesting and participatory • Involve appropriate pause • Write key points on BB • Personal or friendly reference to students • Involve task oriented • Involve signpost • Explaining links • Beginning and concluding statement • Involve summary and conclusion 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 13. Preparing good explanation •Decide what to explain • Find out hidden variable/ words and its relationship • State the Key points: definition, examples • State the major limitations • Summaries main points 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 14. Skill of Lecturing •It is oral method of giving information, generating understanding and creating interest. • A lecture is a set of key points with associated examples, illustrations, elaborations and qualification 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 15. Steps of preparinglecture • Deciding topics/subsequent questions • Write down anything coming to your mind relating to topics/questions-free association • Read and write down relevant text from books • Organise on line of questions • Write down lecture on note form: with indication of section, examples, key points 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 16. Skill of ChalkBoard writing • Legibility of Hand writing: Every letter should be distinct, Spacing between letters, Size of the Letter and Thickness of line • Neatness of Board: Write in parallel to the base of the board, Do not overwrite and Write relevant matters • Appropriateness of Board work: Continuity in writing, Draw attention and9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 17. Skill of StimulusVariation • The main purpose is to secure and sustain attention of students through out the class. • Movement • Gesture • Speech pattern • Focusing • Changing interaction style • Pausing • Oral-visual switching9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 18. Skill of ClassroomManagement • Good classroom management is key to effective teaching • Verbal Techniques: Questioning, Appealing to students, Humor • Non-Verbal: Proximity, Pause, Eye contact, Ignorance 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 19. Skill of Reinforcement •The purpose of reinforcement is enhance performance of students. • Positive reinforcement: Saying Good/Excellent, Head nodding • Negative reinforcement: Say Bad, Not correct, With drawing benefit 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 20. Skill of usingteaching aids • Teaching aids helps teacher to teach effectively and students to understand easily. • Visual-Poster, Photo, Model etc • Audio-Radio/Tape recorder • Audio-Visual-TV, Computer 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 21. It Consists of •Development of Teaching Aid • Using Teaching Aid • Storing Teaching Aid • Use of Multimedia projector, Slide Projector, Net Working etc 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 22. Skill of Evaluation •The main purpose of evaluation is to enhance quality of learning by giving feed back to both teacher and students. • Evaluation can be done along with teaching (Formative) and at end of teaching (Summative). • Evaluation can be both oral and written 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 23. Skill of Questioning •Questioning has three Elements: Structuring Question, Delivery and Distribution of Question and Managing Students Response. • Structuring Question: Relevant to topic, Grammatically correct, avoid is/are question, ask WH questions, • Delivery and Distribution of Questions: Speed, Audibility, Pause, All parts of the classroom, Volunteer and Non-Volunteer 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 24. Managing Students Response: •No/Wrong/ Partially correct response: Hints/clue • Correct but poorly structure/ inappropriate language: Redirect • Correct Response: Redirect/Critical awareness 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 25. Conclusion • All theseskills helps a teacher to systematise teaching, in turn it helps students to understand easily and teacher to teach effectively. • Besides this, teacher should develop skill in using group methods such as cooperative learning, peer learning, self learning, project learning. 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.
- 26. THANKS VERY MUCH •THANKS VERY MUCH 9/21/2020 Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik, RIE (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, India.