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Electric Power Distribution Reliability 2nd Edition
Richard E. Brown Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Richard E. Brown
ISBN(s): 9780849375675, 0849375673
Edition: 2
File Details: PDF, 7.06 MB
Year: 2008
Language: english

Electric Power
Distribution Reliability
Second Edition
7567_FM.indd 1 7/29/08 10:36:16 AM
© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

POWER ENGINEERING
Series Editor
H. Lee Willis
Quanta Technology
Raleigh, North Carolina
Advisory Editor
Muhammad H. Rashid
University of West Florida
Pensacola, Florida
1. Power Distribution Planning Reference Book, H. Lee Willis
2. Transmission Network Protection: Theory and Practice,
Y. G. Paithankar
3. Electrical Insulation in Power Systems, N. H. Malik,
A. A. Al-Arainy, and M. I. Qureshi
4. Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing,
Paul Gill
5. Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications,
Second Edition, J. Lewis Blackburn
6. Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Regulation,
Lorrin Philipson and H. Lee Willis
7. Electrical Power Cable Engineering, William A. Thue
8. Electric Systems, Dynamics, and Stability with Artificial
Intelligence Applications, James A. Momoh
and Mohamed E. El-Hawary
9. Insulation Coordination for Power Systems,
Andrew R. Hileman
10. Distributed Power Generation: Planning and Evaluation,
H. Lee Willis and Walter G. Scott
11. Electric Power System Applications of Optimization,
James A. Momoh
12. Aging Power Delivery Infrastructures, H. Lee Willis,
Gregory V. Welch, and Randall R. Schrieber
13. Restructured Electrical Power Systems: Operation, Trading,
and Volatility, Mohammad Shahidehpour
and Muwaffaq Alomoush
14. Electric Power Distribution Reliability, Richard E. Brown
15. Computer-Aided Power System Analysis,
Ramasamy Natarajan
7567_FM.indd 2 7/29/08 10:36:17 AM

16. Power System Analysis: Short-Circuit Load Flow
and Harmonics, J. C. Das
17. Power Transformers: Principles and Applications,
John J. Winders, Jr.
18. Spatial Electric Load Forecasting: Second Edition,
Revised and Expanded, H. Lee Willis
19. Dielectrics in Electric Fields, Gorur G. Raju
20. Protection Devices and Systems for High-Voltage
Applications, Vladimir Gurevich
21. Electrical Power Cable Engineering, Second Edition,
William Thue
22. Vehicular Electric Power Systems: Land, Sea, Air,
and Space Vehicles, Ali Emadi, Mehrdad Ehsani,
and John Miller
23. Power Distribution Planning Reference Book,
Second Edition, H. Lee Willis
24. Power System State Estimation: Theory and
Implementation, Ali Abur
25. Transformer Engineering: Design and Practice,
S.V. Kulkarni and S. A. Khaparde
26. Power System Capacitors, Ramasamy Natarajan
27. Understanding Electric Utilities and De-regulation:
Second Edition, Lorrin Philipson and H. Lee Willis
28. Control and Automation of Electric Power Distribution
Systems, James Northcote-Green and Robert G. Wilson
29. Protective Relaying for Power Generation Systems,
Donald Reimert
30. Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications,
Third Edition, J. Lewis Blackburn and Thomas J. Domin
31. Electric Power Distribution Reliability, Second Edition,
Richard E. Brown
7567_FM.indd 3 7/29/08 10:36:17 AM

Electric Power
Distribution
Reliability
Second Edition
Richard E. Brown
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Boca Raton London New York
7567_FM.indd 5 7/29/08 10:36:17 AM

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7567_FM.indd 6 7/29/08 10:36:17 AM

vii
Contents
Series Introduction xi
Preface xiii
Author xvii
1. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 1
1.1. Generation, Transmission, and Distribution 1
1.2. Distribution Substations 8
1.3. Primary Distribution Systems 15
1.4. Secondary Distribution Systems 26
1.5. Load Characteristics 28
1.6. Distribution Operations 33
1.7. Study Questions 38
References 38
2. RELIABILITY METRICS AND INDICES 41
2.1. Power Quality, Reliability, and Availability 41
2.2. Reliability Indices 51
2.3. Customer Cost of Reliability 82
2.4. Reliability Targets 90
2.5. History of Reliability Indices 97
References 102

viii Contents
3. INTERRUPTION CAUSES 107
3.1. Equipment Failures 107
3.2. Animals 127
3.3. Severe Weather 133
3.4. Trees 150
3.5. Human Factors 155
3.6. Most Common Causes 157
References 159
4. COMPONENT MODELING 163
4.1. Component Reliability Parameters 163
4.2. Failure Rates and Bathtub Curves 165
4.3. Probability Distribution Functions 167
4.4. Fitting Curves to Measured Data 176
4.5. Component Reliability Data 182
References 188
5. SYSTEM MODELING 191
5.1. System Events and System States 192
5.2. Event Independence 195
5.3. Network Modeling 196
5.4. Markov Modeling 200
5.5. Analytical Simulation for Radial Systems 206
5.6. Analytical Simulation for Network Systems 232
5.7. Monte Carlo Simulation 241
5.8. Other Methodologies 258
References 262
6. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 265
6.1. Model Reduction 265
6.2. System Calibration 272
6.3. System Analysis 277
6.4. Improving Reliability 285
6.5. Storm Hardening 301
6.6. Conversion of Overhead to Underground 307
6.7. Economic Analysis 317
6.8. Marginal Benefit-to-Cost Analysis 325
6.9. Comprehensive Example 333
References 357

Contents ix
7. SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION 361
7.1. Overview of Optimization 361
7.2. Discrete Optimization Methods 371
7.3. Knowledge-Based Systems 385
7.4. Optimization Applications 392
7.5. Final Thoughts on Optimization 418
References 422
8. AGING INFRASTRUCTURE 425
8.1. Equipment Aging 425
8.2. Equipment Age Profiles 426
8.3. Population Aging Behavior 428
8.4. Age and Increasing Failure Rates 432
8.5. Inspection, Repair, and Replacement 438
8.6. State of the Industry 441
8.7. Final Thoughts 450
References 452

xi
Series Introduction
Power engineering is the oldest and most traditional of the various areas within
electrical engineering, yet no other facet of modern technology is currently un-
dergoing a more dramatic revolution in technology or business structure. Perhaps
the most fundamental change taking place in the electric utility industry is the
move toward a quantitative basis for the management of service reliability. Tra-
ditionally, electric utilities achieved satisfactory customer service quality through
the use of more or less “one size fits all situations” standards and criteria that
experience had shown would lead to no more than an acceptable level of trouble
on their system. Tried and true, these methods succeeded in achieving acceptable
service quality.
But evolving industry requirements changed the relevance of these methods
in two ways. First, the needs of modern electric energy consumers changed.
Even into the early 1980s, very short (less than 10 second) interruptions of
power had minimal impact on most consumers. Then, utilities routinely per-
formed field switching of feeders in the early morning hours, creating 10-second
interruptions of power flow that most consumers would not even notice. But
where the synchronous-motor alarm clocks of the 1960s and 1970s would just
fall a few seconds behind during such interruptions, modern digital clocks, mi-
croelectronic equipment and computers cease working altogether. Homeowners
of the 1970s woke up the next morning—not even knowing or caring—that their
alarm clocks were a few seconds behind. Homeowners today wake up minutes or
hours late, to blinking digital displays throughout their home. In this and in many

Series Introduction
xii
other ways, the widespread use of digital equipment and automated processes
has redefined the term “acceptable service quality” and has particularly in-
creased the importance of interruption frequency as a measure of utility perform-
ance.
Second, while the traditional standards-driven paradigm did achieve satisfac-
tory service quality in most cases, it did not do so at the lowest possible cost. In
addition, it had no mechanism for achieving reliability targets in a demonstrated
least-cost manner. As a result, in the late 20th
century, electric utility manage-
ment, public utility regulators, and energy consumers alike realized there had to
be a more economically effective way to achieve satisfactory reliability levels of
electric service. This was to engineer the system to provide the type of reliability
needed at the lowest possible cost, creating a need for rigorous, quantitative reli-
ability analysis and engineering methods—techniques capable of “engineering
reliability into a system” in the same way that capacity or voltage regulation tar-
gets had traditionally been targeted and designed to.
Many people throughout the industry contributed to the development of what
are today the accepted methods of reliability analysis and predictive design. But
none contributed as much to either theory, or practice, as Richard Brown. His
work is the foundation of modern power distribution reliability engineering. It is
therefore with great pride that I welcome this book as the newest addition to the
CRC Press series on Power Engineering. This is all the more rewarding to me
because for the past decade Richard Brown has been one of my most trusted co-
workers and research collaborators, and a good friend.
Dr. Brown’s book lays out the rules and structure for modern power distribu-
tion reliability engineering in a rigorous yet accessible manner. While scrupu-
lously correct in theory and mathematics, his book provides a wealth of practical
experience and useful knowledge that can be applied by any electric power engi-
neer to improve power distribution reliability performance. Thus, Electric Power
Distribution Reliability fits particularly well into the theme of the Power Engi-
neering series, which focuses on providing modern power technology in a con-
text of proven, practical application—books useful as references as well as for
self-study and classroom use. I have no doubt that this book will be the reference
in power delivery reliability engineering for years to come.
Good work, Richard.
H. Lee Willis

xiii
Preface
Distribution reliability is one of the most important topics in the electric power
industry due to its high impact on the cost of electricity and its high correlation
with customer satisfaction. The breadth and depth of issues relating to this sub-
ject span nearly every distribution company department including procurement,
operations, engineering, planning, rate making, customer relations, and regula-
tory. Due in large part to its all-encompassing nature, distribution reliability has
been difficult for utilities to address in a holistic manner. Most departments, if
they address reliability at all, do so in isolation without considering how their
actions may relate to those in different parts of the company—an understandable
situation since there has been no single reference that covers all related issues
and explains their interrelationships. This book is an attempt to fill this void by
serving as a comprehensive tutorial and reference book covering all major topics
related to distribution reliability. Each subject has been extensively researched
and referenced with the intent of presenting a balance of theory, practical knowl-
edge, and practical applications. After reading this book, readers will have a
basic understanding of distribution reliability issues and will know how these
issues have affected typical utilities in the past. Further, readers will be knowl-
edgeable about techniques capable of addressing reliability issues and will have
a basic feel for the results that can be expected from their proper application.
Electric Power Distribution Reliability is intended for engineering profes-
sionals interested in the topic described by its title. Utility distribution planners

Preface
xiv
and reliability engineers will find it of greatest use, but it also contains valuable
information for design engineers, dispatchers, operations personnel, and mainte-
nance personnel. Because of its breadth, this book may also find use with
distribution company directors and executives, as well as with state regulatory
authorities. It is intended to be a scholarly work and is suitable for use with sen-
ior or graduate level instruction as well as for self-instruction.
This book is divided into eight chapters. Although each is a self-contained
topic, the book is written so that each chapter builds upon the knowledge of prior
chapters. As such, this book should be read through sequentially upon first en-
counter. Terminology and context introduced in prior chapters are required
knowledge to fully comprehend and assimilate subsequent topics. After an initial
reading, this book will serve well as a refresher and reference volume and has a
detailed index to facilitate the quick location of specific material.
The first chapter, “Distribution Systems,” presents fundamental concepts,
terminology, and symbology that serve as a foundation of knowledge for reliabil-
ity-specific topics. It begins by describing the function of distribution systems in
the overall electric power system. It continues by describing the component and
system characteristics of substations, feeders, and secondary systems. The chap-
ter concludes by discussing issues associated with load characteristics and
distribution operations.
The second chapter, “Reliability Metrics and Indices,” discusses the various
aspects of distribution reliability and defines terms that are frequently used later
in the book. It begins at a high level by discussing power quality and its relation-
ship to reliability. Standard reliability indices are then presented along with
benchmark data and a discussion of their benefits and drawbacks. The chapter
continues by discussing reliability from the customer perspective including the
customer cost of interrupted electrical service and the customer surveys used to
obtain this information. The chapter ends with a discussion of reliability targets
and the industry trend towards performance-based rates, reliability guarantees,
and customer choice.
Remembering that reliability problems are caused by real events, Chapter 3
provides a comprehensive discussion of all major causes of customer interrup-
tions. It begins by describing the most common types of equipment failures and
their associated failure modes, incipient failure detection possibilities, and fail-
ure prevention strategies. It then discusses reliability issues associated with
animals, presents animal data associated with reliability, and offers recommenda-
tions to mitigate and prevent animal problems. The chapter continues by
discussing severe weather including wind, lightning, ice storms, heat storms,
earthquakes, and fires. Human causes are the last interruption category ad-
dressed, including operating errors, vehicular accidents, dig-ins, and vandalism.

Preface xv
To place all of this information in perspective, the chapter concludes by discuss-
ing the most common interruption causes experienced by typical utilities.
The analytical section of this book begins in Chapter 4, “Component Model-
ing.” The chapter starts by defining the component reliability parameters that
form the basis of all reliability models. It then discusses basic modeling concepts
such as hazard functions, probability distribution functions, and statistics. It ends
by providing component reliability data for a wide variety of distribution equip-
ment, which can be used both as a benchmark for custom data or as generic data
in lieu of custom data.
The topic of component reliability modeling leads naturally into the next
chapter, “System Modeling.” This chapter begins with a tutorial on basic system
analysis concepts such as states, Venn diagrams, network modeling, and Markov
modeling. The bulk of the chapter focuses on analytical and Monte Carlo simula-
tion methods, which are the recommended approaches for most distribution
system reliability assessment needs. Algorithms are presented with detail suffi-
cient for the reader to implement models in computer software, and reflect all of
the major system issues associated with distribution reliability. For complete-
ness, the chapter concludes by presenting reliability analysis techniques
commonly used in other fields and discusses their applicability to distribution
systems.
The sixth chapter, “System Analysis,” focuses on how to use the modeling
concepts developed in the previous two chapters to improve system reliability. It
begins with the practical issues of actually creating a system model, populating it
with default data and calibrating it to historical data. It then presents techniques
to analyze the system model including visualization, risk analysis, sensitivity
analyses, root-cause analysis, and loading analysis. One of the most important
topics of the book comes next: strategies to improve reliability and how to quan-
tify their impact by incorporating them into component and system models. This
includes the nontraditional topics of underground conversion and storm harden-
ing. The chapter then discusses how to view reliability improvement projects
from a value perspective by presenting the basics of economic analysis and the
prioritization method of marginal benefit-to-cost analysis. The chapter concludes
with a comprehensive example that shows how system analysis techniques can
be applied to improve the reliability of an actual distribution system.
Since most distribution companies would like to optimize the reliability of
their distribution system, this book continues with a chapter on system optimiza-
tion. It begins by discussing common misconceptions about optimization and
continues by showing how to properly formulate an optimization problem. It
then presents several optimization methods that are particularly suitable for dis-
tribution system reliability. Finally, the chapter presents several practical
applications of reliability optimization and discusses potential barriers that might

Preface
xvi
be encountered when attempting to implement a reliability optimization initiative
that spans many distribution company departments and budgets.
This book concludes with a chapter on aging infrastructure and the impact of
aging infrastructure on reliability. It begins by discussing equipment and popula-
tion aging, and when age can be used as a reasonable proxy for equipment
condition. The chapter continues by discussing how failure rates increase as a
function of age. This includes techniques to develop age-versus-failure models
using data available at most utilities. The book concludes by presenting the state
of the industry in terms of equipment age; US distribution systems are surpris-
ingly old, are getting older, and will become less reliability as a result. As such,
the topics covered in this book will become increasingly important in the next
decade. Utilities will have to spend increasingly more money just to keep reli-
ability from getting worse. Using the techniques described in this book, utilities
can ensure that this reliability spending is done so that the highest level of reli-
ability can be attained for the lowest possible cost.
The second edition of Electric Power Distribution Reliability is the product
of approximately fifteen years of effort in various aspects of electric power dis-
tribution reliability. I would like to thank the following people for teaching,
collaborating, and supporting me during this time. In the academic world, I
would like to thank Dr. Mani Venkata, Dr. Richard Christie, and Dr. Anil Pahwa
for their insight, guidance and support. In industry, I would like to acknowledge
the contributions and suggestions of my co-workers at with special thanks to Dr.
Damir Novosel, Mr. Lee Willis, and Mr. Jim Burke, all IEEE Fellows. Last, I
would like to offer special thanks to my wife Christelle and to our four children
for providing the inspiration and support without which this book would not be
possible.
Richard E. Brown

xvii
Author
Richard E. Brown is the Vice President of Operations and co-founder for Quanta
Technology, a firm specializing in technical and management consulting for
electric utilities. He has previously worked at Jacobs Engineering, ABB, and
KEMA. During his career, Dr. Brown has developed several generations of reli-
ability assessment software programs, has provided consulting services to most
major utilities in the United States and many around the world, and has pub-
lished more than 90 technical papers. In 2007, Dr. Brown was made an IEEE
Fellow for “contributions to distribution system reliability and risk assessment.”
He earned his BSEE, MSEE, and PhD degrees from the University of Washing-
ton in Seattle, and his MBA from the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill. He is a registered professional engineer.
Dr. Brown lives in Cary, North Carolina with his wife and four children.

1
1
Distribution Systems
Since distribution systems account for up to 90% of all customer reliability prob-
lems, improving distribution reliability is the key to improving customer
reliability. To make effective improvements, a basic understanding of distribu-
tion system functions, subsystems, equipment, and operation is required. This
chapter presents fundamental concepts, terminology, and symbology that serve
as a foundation of knowledge for reliability-specific topics. Careful reading will
magnify the clarity and utility of the rest of this book.
1.1 GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION
Electricity, produced and delivered to customers through generation, transmis-
sion and distribution systems, constitutes one of the largest consumer markets in
the world. Electric energy purchases are 3% of the US gross domestic product
and are increasing faster than the US rate of economic growth (see Figure 1.1).
Numbers vary for individual utilities, but the cost of electricity is approximately
50% fuel, 20% generation, 5% transmission, and 25% distribution.
Reliable electric power systems serve customer loads without interruptions
in supply voltage. Generation facilities must produce enough power to meet cus-
tomer demand. Transmission systems must transport bulk power over long
distances without overheating or jeopardizing system stability. Distribution sys-
tems must deliver electricity to each customer’s service entrance. In the context
of reliability, generation, transmission, and distribution are referred to as func-
tional zones.1

2 Chapter 1
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
5
4
3
2
1
Population
Electricity Sales
Gross Domestic Product
Figure 1.1. Growth of electricity sales in the US as compared to growth in gross domestic product
and population (normalized to 1960 values). Electricity sales growth consistently outpaces popula-
tion growth and GDP. Absolute energy usage is increasing as well as per-capita energy usage.
Each functional zone is made up of several subsystems. Generation consists
of generation plants and generation substations. Transmission consists of trans-
mission lines, transmission switching stations, transmission substations, and
subtransmission systems. Distribution systems consist of distribution substations,
primary distribution systems, distribution transformers, and secondary distribu-
tion systems. A simplified drawing of an overall power system and its
subsystems is shown in Figure 1.2.
Generation Subsystems
Generation Plants produce electrical energy from another form of energy
such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, or hydropower. Typically, a prime mover
turns an alternator that generates voltage between 11 kV and 30 kV.
Generation Substations connect generation plants to transmission lines
through a step-up transformer that increases voltage to transmission levels.
Transmission Subsystems
Transmission Systems transport electricity over long distances from gen-
eration substations to transmission or distribution substations. Typical US
voltage levels include 69 kV, 115 kV, 138 kV, 161 kV, 230 kV, 345 kV,
500 kV, 765 kV, and 1100 kV.
Transmission Switching Stations serve as nodes in the transmission sys-
tem that allow transmission line connections to be reconfigured.
Transmission Substations are transmission switching stations with trans-
formers that step down voltage to subtransmission levels.
Subtransmission Systems transport electricity from transmission substa-
tions to distribution substations. Typical US voltage levels include 34.5 kV,
46 kV, 69 kV, 115 kV, 138 kV, 161 kV, and 230 kV.

Distribution Systems 3
Generation
Plant
Generation
Substation
Transmission System
Transmission
Substation
Subtransmission System
Distribution
Substation
Primary
Distribution System
Distribution
Transformer
Secondary
Distribution
System
Meter
Customer
Figure 1.2. Electric power systems consist of many subsystems. Reliability depends upon generat-
ing enough electric power and delivering it to customers without any interruptions in supply voltage.
A majority of interruptions in developed nations result from problems occurring between customer
meters and distribution substations.

4 Chapter 1
Distribution Subsystems
Distribution Substations are nodes for terminating and reconfiguring sub-
transmission lines plus transformers that step down voltage to primary
distribution levels.
Primary Distribution Systems deliver electricity from distribution substa-
tions to distribution transformers. Voltages range from 4.16 kV to 34.5 kV
with the most common being 15-kV class (e.g., 12.47 kV, 13.8 kV).
Distribution Transformers convert primary distribution voltages to utiliza-
tion voltages. Typical sizes range from 5 kVA to 2500 kVA.
Secondary Distribution Systems deliver electricity from distribution trans-
formers to customer service entrances. Voltages are typically 120/240V
single phase, 120/208V three phase, or 277/480V three phase.
1.1.1 Generation
Generation plants consist of one or more generating units that convert mechani-
cal energy into electricity by turning a prime mover coupled to an electric
generator. Most prime movers are driven by steam produced in a boiler fired by
coal, oil, natural gas, or nuclear fuel. Others may be driven by nonthermal
sources such as hydroelectric dams and wind farms. Generators produce line-to-
line voltages between 11 kV and 30 kV.2
The ability of generation plants to supply all of the power demanded by cus-
tomers is referred to as system adequacy. Three conditions must be met to ensure
system adequacy. First, available generation capacity must be greater than de-
manded load plus system losses. Second, the system must be able to transport
demanded power to customers without overloading equipment. Third, customers
must be served within an acceptable voltage range.
System adequacy assessment is probabilistic in nature.3
Each generator has a
probability of being available, a probability of being available with a reduced
capacity, and a probability of being unavailable. This allows the probability of
all generator state combinations to be computed. To perform an adequacy as-
sessment, each generation state combination is compared to hourly system loads
for an entire year. If available generation cannot supply demanded load or con-
straints are violated, the system is inadequate and load must be curtailed.
Generation adequacy assessments produce the following information for
each load bus: (1) the combinations of generation and loading that require load
curtailment, and (2) the probability of being in each of these inadequate state
combinations. From this information, it is simple to compute the expected num-
ber of interruptions, interruption minutes, and unserved energy for each load bus.
Load bus results can then be easily aggregated to produce the following system
indices:

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Tony had slipped out of the room, and Lady Gale crossed over to
Maradick by the window.
“How quickly,” she said, “we get to know each other in a place
like this. We have only been here a week and I am going to be quite
confidential already.”
“Confidential?” said Maradick.
“Yes, and I hope you won’t mind. You mustn’t mind, because it’s
my way. It always has been. If one is going to know people properly
then I resent all the wasted time that comes first. Besides,
preliminaries aren’t necessary with people as old as you and I. We
ought to understand by this time. Then we really can’t wait.”
He looked into her face, and knew that here at least there would
be absolute honesty and an explanation of some kind.
“Forgive me, Lady Gale,” he said, “but I’m afraid I don’t
understand. I’ve been in the dark and perhaps you’ll explain. Before
I came down here I’d been living to myself almost entirely—a man of
my age and occupations generally does—and now suddenly I’m
caught into other people’s affairs, and it’s bewildering.”
“Well, it’s all very simple,” she answered. “Of course it’s about
Tony. Everyone’s interested in Tony. He’s just at the interesting age,
and he’s quite exciting enough to make his people wonder what he’ll
turn into. It’s the chrysalis into the—well, that just depends. And
then, of course, I care a great deal more than the rest. Tony has
been different to me from the rest. I suppose every mother’s like
that, but I don’t think most of them have been such chums with
their sons as I’ve been with Tony. We were alone in the country
together for a long time and there was nobody else. And then the
time came that I had prepared for and knew that I must face, the
time when he had things that he didn’t tell me. Every boy’s like that,
but I trusted him enough not to want to know, and he often told me

just because I didn’t ask. Then he cared for all the right things and
always ran straight; he never bent his brain to proving that black’s
white and indeed rather whiter than most whites are, as so many
people do. But just lately I’ve been a little anxious—we have all been
—all of us who’re watching him. He ought to have settled down to
something or some one by this time and one doesn’t quite know
why he hasn’t; and he hasn’t been himself for the last six months.
Things ought to have come to a head here. I don’t know what he’s
been up to this week, but none of us have seen anything of him,
and I can see that his thoughts are elsewhere all the time. It isn’t in
the least that I doubt him or am unhappy, it is only that I would like
some one to be there to give him a hand if he wants one. A woman
wouldn’t do; it must be a man, and——”
“You think I’m the person,” said Maradick.
“Well, he likes you. He’s taken to you enormously. That’s always
been a difficulty, because he takes to people so quickly and doesn’t
seem to mind very much whom it is; but you are exactly the right
man, the man I have wanted him to care for. You would help him,
you could help him, and I think you will.”
Maradick was silent.
“You mustn’t, please, think that I mean you to spy in any way,”
she continued. “I don’t want you to tell me anything. I shall never
ask you, and you need never say anything to me about it. It is only
that I shall know that there is some one there if he gets into a mess
and I shall know that he’s all right.” She paused again, and then
went on gently—
“You mustn’t think it funny of me to speak to you like this when I
know you so slightly. At my age one judges people quickly, and I
don’t want to waste time. I’m asking a good deal of you, perhaps; I
don’t know, but I think it would have happened in any case whether
I had spoken or no. And then you will gain something, you know. No
one can be with Tony—get to know him and be a friend of his—
without gaining. He’s a very magical person.”
Maradick looked down on the ground. He knew quite well that he
would have done whatever Lady Gale had asked him to do. She had
seemed to him since he had first seen her something very beautiful

and even wonderful, and he felt proud and grateful that she had
trusted him like that.
“It’s very good of you, Lady Gale,” he said; “I will certainly be a
friend of Tony’s, if that is what you want me to do. He is a delightful
fellow, much too delightful, I am afraid, to have anything much to do
with a dull, middle-aged duffer like myself. I must wake up and
shake some of the dust off.”
She smiled. “Thank you; you don’t know how grateful I am to
you for taking an interest in him. I shall feel ever so much safer.”
And then the door opened and Tony came in. He crossed over to
her and said eagerly, “Mother, the Lesters are here. Came this
afternoon. They’re coming up in a minute; isn’t it splendid!”
“Oh, I am glad—not too loud, Tony, you’ll disturb the bridge. How
splendid they’re coming; Mildred said something in town about
possibly coming down in the car.”
“He’s the author-fellow, you know,” said Tony, turning round to
Maradick. “You were reading ‘To Paradise’ yesterday; I saw you with
it. His books are better than himself. But she’s simply ripping; the
best fun you ever saw in your life.”
That Maradick should feel any interest in meeting a novelist was
a new experience. He had formerly considered them, as a class,
untidy both in morals and dress, and had decidedly preferred City
men. But he liked the book.
“Yes. I was reading ‘To Paradise this afternoon,’ he said. “It’s very
good. I don’t read novels much, and it’s very seldom that I read a
new one, but there was something unusual——”
Then the door opened and the Lesters came in. She was not
pretty exactly, but striking—even, perhaps, he thought afterwards,
exciting. He often tried on later days to call back the first impression
that he had had of her, but he knew that it had not been
indifference. In the shaded half-lights of the room, the grey blue
shadows that the curtains flung on to the dark green carpet made
her dress of light yellow stand out vividly; it had the color of
primroses against the soft, uncertain outlines of the walls and
hidden corners. There was a large black hat that hid her face and
forehead, but beneath it there shone and sparkled two dark eyes

that flung the heightened colour of her cheeks into relief. But the
impression that he had was something most brilliantly alive; not
alive in quite Tony’s way—that was a vitality as natural as the force
of streams and torrents and infinite seas; this had something of
opposition in it, as though some battle had created it. Her husband,
a dark, plain man, a little tired and perhaps a little indifferent, was in
the background. He did not seem to count at the moment.
“Oh, Mildred, how delightful!” Lady Gale went forward to her.
“Tony’s just told me. I had really no idea that you were coming; of
course with a car one can do anything and get anywhere, but I
thought it would have been abroad!”
“So it ought to have been,” said Mrs. Lester. “Fred couldn’t get on
with the new book, and suddenly at breakfast, in the way he does,
you know, said that we must be in Timbuctoo that evening. So we
packed. Then we wondered who it was that we wanted to see, and
of course it was you; and then we wondered where we wanted to
go, and of course it was Treliss, and then when we found that you
and Treliss were together of course the thing was done. So here we
are, and it’s horribly hot. I only looked in to see you for a second
because I’m going to have a bath immediately and change my
things.”
She crossed for a moment to the card-table and spoke to Sir
Richard. “No, don’t get up, Sir Richard, I wouldn’t stop the bridge for
the world. Just a shake of the fingers and I’m off. How are you? Fit?
I’m as right as a trivet, thanks. Hullo, Alice! I heard you were here!
Splendid! I’ll be down later.”
Her husband had shaken hands with Lady Gale and talked to her
for a moment, then they were gone.
“That’s just like Mildred,” said Lady Gale, laughing. “In for a
moment and out again, never still. When she and Tony are together
things move, I can tell you. Well, I must go up to my room, any
amount of letters to write before dinner. Good-bye, Mr. Maradick, for
the moment. Thank you for the chat.”
When they were left alone Tony said, “Come out. It’s much cooler
now. It will be ripping by the sea. You’ve been in all the afternoon.”
“Yes,” said Maradick, “I’ll come.”

He realised, as he left the room, that he and his wife had
scarcely met since that first evening. There had always been other
people, at meals, outside, after dinner; he knew that he had not
been thinking of her very much, but he suddenly wondered whether
she had not been a little lonely. These people had not accepted her
in quite the same way that they had accepted him, and that was
rather surprising, because at Epsom and in town it had always been
the other way about. He had been the one whom people had
thought a bore; everyone knew that she was delightful. Of course
the explanation was that Tony had, as it were, taken him up. All
these people were interested in Tony, and had, therefore, included
Maradick. He could help a little in the interpretation or rather the
development of Tony, and therefore he was of some importance. For
a moment there was a feeling of irritation at the position, and then
he remembered that it was scarcely likely that anyone was going to
be interested in him for himself, and the next best thing was to be
liked because of Tony. But it must, of course, be a puzzle to his wife.
He had caught, once or twice, a look, something that showed that
she was wondering, and that, too, was new; until now she had
never thought about him at all.
Tony chattered all the way down to the hall.
“The Lesters are ripping. We’ve known Milly Lester ever since the
beginning of time. She’s not much older than me, you know, and we
lived next door to each other in Carrington Gardens. Our prams
always went out and round the Square together, and we used to say
goo-goo to each other. Then later on I used to make up stories for
her. She was always awfully keen on stories and I was rather a nailer
at them; then we used to fight, and I slapped her face and she
pinched me. Then we went to the panto together, and used to dance
with each other at Christmas parties. I was never in love with her,
you know: she was just a jolly good sort whom I liked to be with.
She’s always up to a rag; he thinks it’s a little too often. He’s a
solemn sort of beggar and jolly serious, lives more in his books than
out of them, which doesn’t make for sociability. Rather hard luck on
her.”
“What was his attraction for her?” asked Maradick.

“Oh, I don’t know,” said Tony; “she admired his books awfully
and made the mistake of thinking that the man was like them. So he
is, in a way; it’s as if you’d married the books, you know, and there
wasn’t anything else there except the leather.”
They were silent for a little time, and then Tony said, “On a day
like this one’s afraid—‘Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes,’ you know—
it’s all too beautiful and wonderful and makes such a splendid
background for the adventure that we’re on the edge of.”
“Adventure?” said Maradick.
“Yes; you haven’t forgotten the other night, have you? I’ve been
waiting for you to speak to me about it. And then this afternoon I
saw it was all right. My asking you to come out was a kind of test,
only I knew you’d say yes. I knew that mother had been talking to
you about it. About me and whether you’d help me? Wasn’t it?”
“That’s between your mother and myself,” said Maradick.
“Well, it was, all the same. And you said yes. And it’s ripping, it’s
just what I so especially wanted. They’ve all been wondering what
I’m up to. Of course they could see that something was up; and
they’re simply longing to know all about it, the others out of curiosity
and mother because she cares. It isn’t a bit curiosity with her, you
know, it’s only that she wants to know that I’m safe, and now that
she’s stuck you, whom she so obviously trusts, as a kind of
bodyguard over me she’ll be comfortable and won’t worry any more.
It’s simply splendid—that she won’t worry and that you said yes.”
He paused and stood in the path, looking at Maradick.
“Because, you know,” he went on, with that charming, rather
crooked little smile that he had, “I do most awfully want you for a
friend quite apart from its making mother comfortable. You’re just
the chap to carry it through; I’m right about it’s being settled, aren’t
I?”
Maradick held out his hand.
“I expect I’m a fool,” he said, “at my age to meddle in things that
don’t concern me, but anyhow, there’s my hand on it. I like you. I
want waking up a bit and turning round, and you’ll do it. So it’s a
bargain.”

They shook hands very solemnly and walked on silently down the
path. They struck off to the right instead of turning to the left
through the town. They crossed a stile, and were soon threading a
narrow, tumbling little path between two walls of waving corn. In
between the stems poppies were hiding and overhead a lark was
singing. For a moment he came down towards them and his song
filled their ears, then he circled up and far above their heads until he
hung, a tiny speck, against a sky of marble blue.
“You might tell me.” said Maradick, “what the adventure really is.
I myself, you know, have quite the vaguest idea, and as I’m so
immediately concerned I think I ought to know something about it.”
“Why? I told you the other night,” said Tony; “and things really
haven’t gone very much further. I haven’t seen her again, nor has
Punch, and he has been about the beach such a lot that he’d have
been sure to if she’d been down there. But the next step has to be
taken with you.”
“What is it?” said Maradick a little apprehensively.
“To call on that man who gave us his card the other night. He’s
got a lot to do with her, I know, and it’s the very best of luck that we
should have met him as we did.”
“I must say I didn’t like him for some quite unexplained reason.
But why not go and call without me? He doesn’t want to see me; it
was you he gave the card to.”
“No, you must come. I should be afraid to go alone. Besides, he
might show you things in Treliss that you’d like to see, although I
suppose you’ve explored it pretty well for yourself by this time. But,
by the way, wherever have you been this week? I’ve never seen you
about the place or with people.”
“No,” said Maradick. “I discovered rather a jolly room up in the
top of the house somewhere, a little, old, deserted place with an
old-fashioned gallery and a gorgeous view. I grew rather fond of the
place and have been there a good deal.”
“You must show it me. We ought to have struck the place by
now. Oh, there it is, to the right.”
They had arrived at the edge of the cliff, and were looking for a
path that would take them down to the beach. Below them was a

little beach shut in on three sides by cliff. Its sand was very smooth
and very golden, and the sea came with the very tiniest ripple to the
edge of it and passed away again with a little sigh. Everything was
perfectly still. Then suddenly there was a bark of a dog and a man
appeared on the lower rocks, sharply outlined against the sky.
“What luck!” cried Tony. “It’s Punch. I wanted you to meet him,
and he may have a message for me.”
The man saw them and stepped down from the rocks on to the
beach and came towards them, the dog after him. A little crooked
path brought them to him, and Maradick was introduced. It was
hard not to smile. The man was small and square; his legs were very
short, but his chest was enormous, and his arms and shoulders
looked as though they ought to have belonged to a much bigger
man. His mouth and ears were very large, his nose and eyes small;
he was wearing a peaked velvet cap, a velveteen jacket and
velveteen knickerbockers. Maradick, thinking of him afterwards, said
of him that he “twinkled;” that was the first impression of him. His
legs, his eyes, his nose, his mouth stretched in an enormous smile,
had that “dancing” effect; they said, “We are here now and we are
jolly pleased to see you, but oh! my word! we may be off at any
minute, you know!”
The dog, a white-haired mongrel, somewhat of the pug order,
was a little like its master; its face was curiously similar, with a little
nose and tiny eyes and an enormous mouth.
“Let me introduce you,” said Tony. “Punch, this is a friend of
mine, Mr. Maradick. Maradick, this is my friend and counsellor,
Punch; and, oh, yes, there’s Toby. Let me introduce you, Toby. Mr.
Maradick—Toby. Toby—Mr. Maradick!”
The little man held out an enormous hand, the dog gravely
extended a paw. Maradick shook both.
“I’m very pleased to meet you,” he said. “Tony has told me about
you.”
“Thank you, sir, I’m sure,” the man answered; “I’m very pleased
to meet you, sir.”
There was a pause, and they sat down on the sand with their
backs against the rocks.

“Well, Punch,” said Tony, “how’s the show? I haven’t seen you
since Thursday.”
“Oh, the show’s all right,” he answered. “There’s never no fear
about that. My public’s safe enough as long as there’s children and
babies, which, nature being what it is, there’ll always be. It’s a
mighty pleasant thing having a public that’s always going on, and it
ain’t as if there was any chance of their tastes changing either.
Puppies and babies and kittens like the same things year in and year
out, bless their little hearts.”
“You have a Punch and Judy show, haven’t you?” said Maradick a
little stiffly. He was disgusted at his stiffness, but he felt awkward
and shy. This wasn’t the kind of fellow that he’d ever had anything
to do with before; he could have put his hand into his pocket and
given him a shilling and been pleasant enough about it, but this
equality was embarrassing. Tony obviously didn’t feel it like that, but
then Tony was young.
“Yes, sir; Punch and Judy shows are getting scarce, what with
yer cinematographs and pierrots and things. But there’s always
customers for ’em and always will be. And it’s more than babies like
’em really. Many’s the time I’ve seen old gentlemen and fine ladies
stop and watch when they think no one’s lookin’ at ’em, and the light
comes into their eyes and the colour into their cheeks, and then they
think that some one sees ’em and they creep away. It’s natural to
like Punch; it’s the banging, knock-me-down kind of humour that’s
the only genuine sort. And then the moral’s tip-top. He’s always up
again, Punch is, never knows when he’s beat, and always smiling.”
“Yes,” said Maradick, but he knew that he would have been one
of those people who would have crept away.
“And there’s another thing,” said the man; “the babies know right
away that it’s the thing they want. It’s my belief that they’re told
before they come here that there’s Punch waiting for them,
otherwise they’d never come at all. If you gave ’em Punch right
away there wouldn’t be any howling at all; a Punch in every nursery,
I say. You’d be surprised, sir, to see the knowin’ looks the first time
they see Punch, you’d think they’d seen it all their lives. There’s
nothing new about it; some babies are quite blasé over it.”

“And then there are the nursemaids,” said Tony.
“Yes,” said Punch, “they’re an easy-goin’ class, nursemaids. Give
them a Punch and Judy or the military and there’s nothing they
wouldn’t do for you. I’ve a pretty complete knowledge of
nursemaids.”
“I suppose you travel about?” said Maradick; “or do you stay
more or less in one part of the country?”
“Stay! Lord bless you, sir! I never stay anywhere; I’m up and
down all the time. It’s easy enough to travel. The show packs up
small, and then there’s just me and Toby. Winter time I’m in London
a good bit. Christmas and a bit after. London loves Punch and always
will. You’d think that these music-halls and pantomimes would knock
it out, but not a bit of it. They’ve a real warm feeling for it in
London. And they aren’t the sort of crowd who stand and watch it
and laugh and smack their thighs, and then when the cap comes
round start slipping off and pretendin’ they’ve business to get to, not
a bit of it. They’d be ashamed not to pay their little bit.”
“And then in the summer?” said Maradick.
“Oh! Cumberland for a bit and then Yorkshire, and then down
here in Cornwall. All round, you know. There are babies everywhere,
and some are better than others. Now the Cumberland babies beat
all the rest. Give me a Cumberland baby for a real laugh. They’re
right enough down here, but they’re a bit on their dignity and afraid
of doing the wrong thing. But I’ve got good and bad babies all over
the place. I reckon I know more about babies than anyone in the
land. And you see I always see them at their best—smiling and
crowing—which is good for a man’s ’ealth.”
The sun was sinking towards the sea, and there was perfect
silence save for the very gentle ripple of the waves. It was so still
that a small and slightly ruffled sparrow hopped down to the edge of
the water and looked about it. Toby saw him, but only lazily flapped
an ear. The sparrow watched the dog for a moment apprehensively,
then decided that there was no possible danger and resumed its
contemplation of the sea.
The waves were so lazy that they could barely drag their way up
the sand. They clung to the tiny yellow grains as though they would

like to stay and never go back again; then they fell back reluctantly
with a little song about their sorrow at having to go.
A great peace was in Maradick’s heart. This was the world at its
most absolute best. When things were like this there were no
problems nor questions at all; Epsom was an impossible myth and
money-making game for fools.
Tony broke the silence:
“I say, Punch, have you any message for me?”
“Well, sir, not exactly a message, but I’ve found out something.
Not from the young lady herself, you understand. She hasn’t been
down again—not when I’ve been there. But I’ve found out about her
father.”
“Her father?” said Tony excitedly; and Toby also sat up at
attention as though he were interested.
“Yes; he’s the little man in brown you spoke of. Well known about
here, it seems. They say he’s been here as long as anyone can
remember, and always the same. No one knows him—keeps ’imself
to ’imself; a bit lonely for the girl.”
“That man!” cried Tony. “And he’s asked me to call! Why, it’s
fate!”
He grasped Maradick’s arm excitedly.
“He’s her father! her father!” he cried. “And he’s asked us to call!
Her father, and we’re to call!”
“You’re to call!” corrected Maradick. “He never said anything
about me; he doesn’t want me.”
“Oh, of course you’re to come. ’Pon my word, Punch, you’re a
brick. Is there anything else?”
“Well, yes,” said Punch slowly. “He came and spoke to me
yesterday after the show. Said he liked it and was very pleasant. But
I don’t like ’im all the same. I agree with that gentleman; there’s
something queer there, and everyone says so.”
“Oh, that’s all right,” said Tony. “Never mind about the man. He’s
her father, that’s the point. My word, what luck!”
But Punch shook his head dubiously.
“What do they say against him, then?” said Tony. “What reasons
have they?”

“Ah! that’s just it,” said Punch; “they haven’t got no reasons. The
man ’asn’t a ’istory at all, which is always an un’ealthy sign. Nobody
knows where ’e comes from nor what ’e’s doing ’ere. ’E isn’t Cornish,
that’s certain. ’E’s got sharp lips and pointed ears. I don’t like ’im
and Toby doesn’t either, and ’e’s a knowing dog if ever there was
one.”
“Well, I’m not to be daunted,” said Tony; “the thing’s plainly
arranged by Providence.”
But Maradick, looking at Punch, thought that he knew more than
he confessed to. There was silence again, and they watched a
gossamer mist, pearl-grey with the blue of the sea and sky shining
through, come stealing towards them. The sky-line was red with the
light of the sinking sun, and a very faint rose colour touched with
gold skimmed the crests of tiny waves that a little breeze had
wakened.
The ripples that ran up the beach broke into white foam as they
rose.
“Well, I must be getting on, Mr. Tony,” said Punch, rising. “I am at
Mother Shipton’s to-night. Good-bye, sir,” he shook hands with
Maradick, “I am pleased to ’ave met you.”
Tony walked a little way down the beach with him, arm in arm.
They stopped, and Punch put his hand on the boy’s shoulder and
said something that Maradick did not catch; but he was speaking
very seriously. Then, with the dog at his heels, he disappeared over
the bend of the rocks.
“We’d better be getting along too,” said Tony. “Let’s go back to
the beach. There’ll be a glorious view!”
“He seems a nice fellow,” said Maradick.
“Oh, Punch! He’s simply ripping! He’s one of the people whose
simplicity seems so easy until you try it, and then it’s the hardest
thing in the world. I met him in town last winter giving a show
somewhere round Leicester Square way, and he was pretty upset
because Toby the dog was ill. I don’t know what he’d do if that dog
were to die. He hasn’t got anyone else properly attached to him. Of
course, there are lots of people all over the country who are very

fond of him, and babies, simply any amount, and children and dogs
—anything young—but they don’t really belong to him.”
But Maradick felt that, honestly, he wasn’t very attracted. The
man was a vagabond, after all, and would be much better earning
his living at some decent trade; a strong, healthy man like that
ought to be keeping a wife and family and doing his country some
service instead of wandering about the land with a dog; it was
picturesque, but improper. But he didn’t say anything to Tony about
his opinions—also he knew that the man didn’t annoy him as he
would have done a week ago.
As they turned the bend of the cliffs the tower suddenly rose in
front of them like a dark cloud. It stood out sharply, rising to a peak
biting into the pale blue sky, and vaguely hinting at buildings and
gabled roofs; before it the sand stretched, pale gold.
Tony put his arm through Maradick’s.
At first they were not sure; it might be imagination. In the misty
and uncertain light figures seemed to rise out of the pale yellow
sands and to vanish into the dusky blue of the sea. But at the same
moment they realised that there was some one there and that he
was waiting for them; they recognised the brown jacket, the cloth
cap, the square, prosperous figure. The really curious thing was that
Maradick had had his eyes fixed on the sand in front of him, but he
had seen no one coming. The figure had suddenly materialised, as it
were, out of the yellow evening dusk. It was beyond doubt Mr.
Andreas Morelli.
He was the same as he had been a week ago. There was no
reason why he should have changed, but Maradick felt as though he
had been always, from the beginning, the same. It was not strange
that he had not changed since last week, but it was strange that he
had not changed, as Maradick felt to be the case, since the very
beginning of time; he had always been like that.
He greeted Tony now with that beautiful smile that Maradick had
noticed before; it had in it something curiously intimate, as though
he were referring to things that they both had known and perhaps
done. Tony’s greeting was eager and, as usual with him,
enthusiastic.

Morelli turned to Maradick and gravely shook hands. “I am very
pleased to see you again, sir,” he said. “It is a most wonderful
evening to be taking a stroll. It has been a wonderful day.”
“It has been too good to be true,” said Tony; “I don’t think one
ought ever to go indoors when the weather is like this. Are you
coming back to the town, Mr. Morelli, or were you going farther
along the beach?”
“I should be very glad to turn back with you, if I may,” he said. “I
promised to be back by half-past seven and it is nearly that now.
You have never fulfilled your promise of coming to see me,” he said
reproachfully.
“Well,” said Tony, “to tell you the truth I was a little shy; so many
people are so kind and invite one to come, but it is rather another
thing, taking them at their word and invading their houses, you
know.”
“I can assure you I meant it,” said Morelli gravely. “There are
various things that would interest you. I have quite a good collection
of old armour and a good many odds and ends picked up at different
times.” Then he added, “There’s no time like the present; why not
come back and have supper with us now? That is if you don’t mind
taking pot-luck.”
Tony flushed with pleasure. “I think we should be delighted,
shouldn’t we, Maradick? They’re quite used to our not coming back
at the hotel.”
“Thank you very much,” said Maradick. “It’s certainly good of
you.”
He noticed that what Punch had said was true; the ears were
pointed and the lips sharp and thin.
The dusk had swept down on them. The lights of the town rose
in glittering lines one above the other in front of them; it was early
dusk for an August evening, but the dark came quickly at Treliss.
The sea was a trembling shadow lit now and again with the white
gleam of a crested wave. On the horizon there still lingered the last
pale rose of the setting sun and across the sky trembling bars of
faint gold were swiftly vanishing before the oncoming stars.

Morelli talked delightfully. He had been everywhere, it appeared,
and spoke intimately of little obscure places in Germany and Italy
that Tony had discovered in earlier years. Maradick was silent; they
seemed to have forgotten him.
They entered the town and passed through the market-place.
Maradick looked for a moment at the old tower, standing out black
and desolate and very lonely.
In the hotel the dusk would be creeping into the little room of
the minstrels. There would be no lights there, only the dust and the
old chairs and the green table; from the open window you would see
the last light of the setting sun, and there would be a scent of
flowers, roses and pinks, from the garden below.
They had stopped outside the old dark house with the curious
carving. Morelli felt for the key.
“I don’t know what my daughter will have prepared,” he said
apologetically, “I gave her no warning.”

CHAPTER VI
SUPPER WITH JANET MORELLI
The little hall was lit by a single lamp that glimmered redly in the
background. Small though the hall was, its darkness gave it space
and depth. It appeared to be hung with many strange and curious
objects—weapons of various kinds, stuffed heads of wild animals,
coloured silks and cloths of foreign countries and peoples. The walls
themselves were of oak, and from this dark background these things
gleamed and shone and twisted under the red light of the lamp in an
alarming manner. An old grandfather clock tick-tocked solemnly in
the darkness.
Morelli led them up the stairs, with a pause every now and again
to point out things of interest.
“The house is, you know,” he said almost apologetically,
“something of a museum. I have collected a good deal one way and
another. Everything has its story.”
Maradick thought, as his host said this, that he must know a
great many stories, some of them perhaps scarcely creditable ones.
The things that he saw had in his eyes a sinister effect. There could
be nothing very pleasant about those leering animals and rustling,
whispering skins; it gave the house, too, a stuffy, choked-up air,
something a little too full, and full, too, of not quite the pleasantest
things.
The staircase was charming. A broad window with diamond-
shaped panes faced them as they turned the stair and gave a
pleasant, cheerful light to the walls and roof. A silver crescent moon
with glittering stars attending it shone at the window against an
evening sky of the faintest blue; a glow that belonged to the
vanished sun, and was so intangible that it had no definite form of
colour, hung in the air and passed through the window down the

stairs into the dark recesses of the hall. The walls were painted a
dark red that had something very cheerful and homely about it.
Suddenly from the landing above them came voices.
“No, Miss Minns, I’m going to wait. I don’t care; father said he’d
be back. Oh! I hear him.”
A figure came to the head of the stairs.
“Father, do hurry up; Miss Minns is so impatient at having to wait,
and I said I wouldn’t begin till you came, and the potatoes are black,
black, black.”
Maradick looked up and saw a girl standing at the head of the
stairs. In her hand she held a small silver lamp that flung a pale
circle of yellow behind and around her; she held it a little above her
head in order that she might see who it was that mounted the stairs.
He thought she was the most beautiful girl that he had ever
seen; her face was that of a child, and there was still in it a faint
look of wonderment and surprise, as though she had very recently
broken from some other golden dream and discovered, with a cry,
the world.
Her mouth was small, and curved delicately like the petals of a
very young rose that turn and open at the first touch of the sun’s
glow. Her eyes were so blue that there seemed no end at all to the
depth, and one gazed into them as into a well on a night of stars;
there were signs and visions in them of so many things that a man
might gaze for a year of days and still find secrets hidden there. Her
hair was dark gold and was piled high in a great crown, and not so
tightly that a few curls did not escape and toss about her ears and
over her eyes. She wore a gown of very pale blue that fell in a single
piece from her shoulders to her feet; her arms to the elbow and her
neck were bare, and her dress was bound at the waist by a broad
piece of old gold embroidered cloth.
Her colouring was so perfect that it might have seemed insipid
were it not for the character in her mouth and eyes and brow. She
was smiling now, but in a moment her face could change, the mouth
would grow stiff, her eyes would flash; there was character in every
part of her.

She was tall and very straight, and her head was poised
perfectly. There was dignity and pride there, but humour and
tenderness in the eyes and mouth; above all, she was very, very
young. That look of surprise, and a little perhaps of one on her
guard against a world that she did not quite understand, showed
that. There was no fear there, but something a little wild and
undisciplined, as though she would fight to the very last for her
perfect, unfettered liberty: this was Janet Morelli.
She had thought that her father was alone, but now she realised
that some one was with him.
She stepped back and blushed.
“I beg your pardon. I didn’t know——”
“Let me introduce you,” said Morelli. “Janet, this is Mr. Maradick
and this Mr. Gale. They have come to have supper with us.”
She put the lamp down on the little round table behind her and
shook hands with them. “How do you do?” she said. “I hope you’re
not in the least bit hungry, because there’s nothing whatever to eat
except black potatoes, and they’re not nice at all.”
She was quite without embarrassment and smiled at Maradick.
She put her arm on her father’s shoulder for a moment by way of
greeting, and then they walked into the room opposite the staircase.
This was in strong contrast to the hall, being wide and spacious,
with but little furniture. At one end was a bow-window with old-
fashioned lozenge-shaped panes; in this a table laid for three had
been placed. The walls were painted a very pale blue, and half-way
up, all the way round, ran a narrow oaken shelf on which were
ranged large blue and white plates of old china, whereon there ran
riot a fantastic multitude of mandarins, curiously twisted castles, and
trembling bridges spanning furious torrents. There were no pictures,
but an open blue-tiled fireplace, the mantelpiece of which was of
dark oak most curiously carved. There were some chairs, two little
round tables, and a sofa piled high with blue cushions. There were
lamps on the tables, but they were dim and the curtains were not
drawn, so that through the misty panes the lights of the town were
twinkling in furious rivalry with the lights of the dancing stars.

By the table was waiting a little woman in a stiff black dress.
There was nothing whatever remarkable about her. There was a little
pretentiousness, a little pathos, a little beauty even; it was the figure
of some one who had been left a very long time ago, and was at last
growing accustomed to the truth of it—there was no longer very
much hope or expectation of anything, but simply a kind of fairy-tale
wonder as to the possibility of the pumpkin’s being after all a golden
coach and the rats some most elegant coachmen.
“Miss Minns,” said Morelli, “let me introduce you. These are two
gentlemen who will have supper with us. Mr. Maradick and Mr. Gale.”
“I am very pleased to meet you,” said Miss Minns a little gloomily.
There was a servant of the name of Lucy, who laid two more
places clumsily and with some noise. Janet had disappeared into the
kitchen and Morelli maintained the conversation.
There was, however, a feeling of constraint. Maradick had never
known Tony so silent. He stood by the fireplace, awkwardly shifting
from one leg to the other, and looking continually at the door. He
was evidently in a state of the greatest excitement, and he seemed
to pay no attention to anyone in the room. Miss Minns was perfectly
silent, and stood there gravely waiting. Morelli talked courteously
and intelligently, but Maradick felt that he himself was being used
merely as a background to the rest of the play. His first feeling on
seeing Janet had been that Tony was indeed justified in all his
enthusiasm; his second, that he himself was in for rather a terrible
time.
He had not in the least expected her to be so amazingly young.
He had, quite without reason or justification, expected her to be
older, a great deal older, than Tony, and that chiefly, perhaps,
because he couldn’t, by any stretch of imagination, believe her to be
younger. Tony was so young in every way—in his credibility, his
enthusiasm, his impatience, his quite startling simplicity. With this in
front of him, Maradick had looked to the lady as an accomplice; she
would help, he had thought, to teach Tony discretion.
And now, with that vision of her on the stairs, he saw that she
was, so to speak, “younger than ever,” as young as anyone possibly
could be. That seemed to give the whole business a new turn

altogether; it suddenly placed him, James Maradick, a person of
unimaginative and sober middle age, in a romantic and difficult
position of guardian to a couple of babies, and, moreover, babies
charged to the full with excitement and love of hurried adventure.
Why, he thought desperately, as he listened politely to Morelli’s
conversation, had he been made the centre of all this business?
What did he or could he know of young people and their love
affairs?
“I am afraid,” he said politely, “I know nothing whatever about
swords.”
“Ah,” said Morelli heartily, “I must show you some after supper.”
Janet entered with chops and potatoes, followed by Lucy with
the coffee. Tony went forward to help her. “No, thank you,” she said,
laughing. “You shan’t carry the potatoes because then you’ll see how
black they are. I hope you don’t mind coffee at the beginning like
this; and there’s only brown bread.” She placed the things on the
table and helped the chops. Tony looked at his plate and was silent.
It was, at first, a difficult meal, and everyone was very subdued;
then suddenly the ice was broken. Maradick had said that he lived in
London. Miss Minns sat up a little straighter in her chair, smoothed
her cuffs nervously, and said with a good deal of excitement—
“I lived a year in London with my brother Charles. We lived in
Little Worsted Street, No. 95, near the Aquarium: a little house with
green blinds; perhaps, sir, you know it. I believe it is still standing; I
loved London. Charles was a curate at St. Michael’s, the grey church
at the corner of Merritt Street; Mr. Roper was rector at the time. I
remember seeing our late beloved Queen pass in her carriage. I
have a distinct recollection of her black bonnet and gracious bow. I
was very much moved.”
Maradick had, very fortunately, touched on the only topic that
could possibly be said to make Miss Minns loquacious. Everyone
became interested and animated.
“Oh! I should so love London!” Janet said, looking through the
window at the stars outside. “People! Processions! Omnibuses!
Father has told me about it sometimes—Dick Whittington, you know,

and the cat. I suppose you’re not called Dick?” she said, looking
anxiously at Tony.
“No,” said Tony, “I’m afraid I’m not. But I will be if you like.”
“It is scarcely polite, Janet,” said Morelli, “to ask a gentleman his
name when you’ve only known him five minutes.”
“I wasn’t,” she answered. “Only I do want to know a Dick so very
badly, and there aren’t any down here; but I expect London’s full of
them.”
“It’s full of everything,” said Tony, “and that’s why I like this place
so awfully. London chokes you, there’s such a lot going on; you have
to stop, you know. Here you can go full tilt. May I have another
chop, please? They’re most awfully good.”
Tony was rapidly becoming his usual self. He was still a little
nervous, but he was talking nonsense as fluently as ever.
“You really must come up to London though, Miss Morelli. There
are pantomimes and circuses and policemen and lots of funny
things. And you can do just what you like because there’s no one to
see.”
“Oh! theatres!” She clapped her hands. “I should simply love a
theatre. Father took me once here; it was called ‘The Murdered Heir,’
and it was most frightfully exciting; but that’s the only one I’ve ever
seen, and I don’t suppose there’ll be another here for ages. They
have them in Truro, but I’ve never been to Truro. I’m glad you like
the chops, I was afraid they were rather dry.”
“They are,” said Morelli. “It’s only Mr. Gale’s politeness that
makes him say they’re all right. They’re dreadfully dry.”
“Well, you were late,” she answered; “it was your fault.”
She was excited. Her eyes were shining, her hands trembled a
little, and her cheeks were flushed. Maradick fancied that there was
surprise in her glance at her father. Miss Minns also was a little
astonished at something. It was possibly unusual for Morelli to invite
anyone into the house, and they were wondering why he had done
it.
Morelli was a great puzzle. He seemed changed since they had
sat down at the table. He seemed, for one thing, considerably
younger. Outside the house he had been middle-aged; now the lines

in his forehead seemed to disappear, the wrinkles under his eyes
were no longer there. He laughed continually.
It was, in fact, becoming very rapidly a merry meal. The chops
had vanished and there was cheese and fruit. They were all rather
excited, and a wave of what Maradick was inclined to call “spirited
childishness” swept over the party. He himself and Miss Minns were
most decidedly out of it.
It was significant of the change that Morelli now paid much more
attention to Tony. The three of them burst into roars of laughter
about nothing; Tony imitated various animals, the drawing of a cork,
and a motor-omnibus running into a policeman, with enormous
success. Miss Minns made no attempt to join in the merriment; but
sat in the shadow gravely silent. Maradick tried and was for a time a
miserable failure, but afterwards he too was influenced. Morelli told
a story that seemed to him extraordinarily funny. It was about an old
bachelor who always lived alone, and some one climbed up a
chimney and stuck there. He could not afterwards remember the
point of the story, but he knew that it seemed delightfully amusing
to him at the time. He began to laugh and then lost all control of
himself; he laughed and laughed till the tears ran down his cheeks.
He stopped for a moment and then started again; he grew red in the
face and purple—he took out his handkerchief and wiped his eyes.
“Oh, dear!” he said, gasping, “that’s a funny story. I don’t know
when I’ve laughed like that before. It’s awfully funny.” He still shook
at the thought of it. It was a very gay meal indeed.
“You have been at the University, I suppose, Mr. Gale?” said
Morelli.
“Yes, Oxford,” said Tony. “But please don’t call me Mr.; nobody
calls me Mr., you know. You have to have a house, a wife and a
profession if you’re Mr. anybody, and I haven’t got anything—nothing
whatever.”
“Oh, I wonder,” said Janet, “if you’d mind opening the door for
me. We’ll clear the table and get it out of the way. Saturday is Lucy’s
night out, so I’m going to do it.”
“Oh, let me help,” said Tony, jumping up and nearly knocking the
table over in his eagerness. “I’m awfully good at washing things up.”

“You won’t have to wash anything up,” she answered. “We’ll
leave that for Lucy when she comes back; but if you wouldn’t mind
helping me to carry the plates and things into the other room I’d be
very grateful.”
She looked very charming, Maradick thought, as she stood piling
the plates on top of one another with most anxious care lest they
should break. Several curls had escaped and were falling over her
eyes and she raised her hand to push them back; the plates nearly
slipped. Maradick, watching her, caught suddenly something that
seemed very like terror in her eyes; she was looking across the table
at her father. He followed her glance, but Morelli did not seem to
have noticed anything. Maradick forgot the incident at the time, but
afterwards he wondered whether it had been imagination.
“Do be careful and not drop things,” she said, laughing gaily, to
Tony. “You seem to have got a great many there; there’s plenty of
time, you know.”
She was delightful to watch, she was so entirely unconscious of
any pose or affectation. She passed into the kitchen singing and
Tony followed her laden with plates.
“Do you smoke, Mr. Maradick?” said Morelli. “Cigar? Cigarette?
Pipe?—Pipe! Good! much the best thing. Come and sit over here.”
They drew up their chairs by the window and watched the stars;
Miss Minns sat under the lamp sewing.
Maradick was a little ashamed of his merriment at dinner; he
really didn’t know the man well enough, and a little of his first
impression of cautious dislike returned. But Morelli was very
entertaining and an excellent talker, and Maradick reproached
himself for being unnecessarily suspicious.
“You know,” said Morelli, “it’s a great thing to have a home like
this. I’ve been a wanderer all my days—been everywhere, you might
say—but now I’ve always got this to come back to, and it’s a great
thing to feel that it’s there. I’m Italian, you know, on my father’s
side, and hence my name; and so it seems a bit funny, perhaps,
settling down here. But one country’s the same to me as another,
and my wife was English.”

He paused for a moment and looked out of the window; then he
went on—
“We don’t see many people here; when you’ve got a girl to bring
up you’ve got to be careful, and they don’t like me here, that’s the
truth.”
He paused again, as though he expected Maradick to deny it. He
had spoken it almost as an interrogation, as though he wanted to
know whether Maradick had heard anything, but Maradick was
silent. He felt strongly again, as he had felt at the time of their first
meeting, that they were hostile to one another. Polite though Morelli
was, Maradick knew that it was because of Tony, and not in the least
because of himself. Morelli probably felt that he was an unnecessary
bore, and resented his being there. It was Tony that he cared about.
“That is a very delightful boy,” Morelli said, nodding in the
direction of the kitchen. “Have you known him a long while? Quite
one of the most delightful people——”
“Oh, no,” said Maradick a little stiffly. “We are quite new
acquaintances. We have only known each other about a week. Yes,
he is an enormously popular person. Everyone seems to like him
wherever he goes. He wakes people up.”
Morelli laughed.
“Yes, there’s wonderful vitality there. I hope he’ll keep it. I hope
that I shall see something of him while he is here. There isn’t much
that we can offer you, but you will be doing both my daughter and
myself a very real kindness if you will come and see us sometimes.”
“Thank you,” said Maradick.
“Oh! I promised to show you those swords of mine. Come and
see them now. I think there are really some that may interest you.”
They got up and left the room. In a moment the door was
opened again and Janet and Tony returned.
“Let’s sit in front of the window,” Janet said, “and talk. Father’s
showing your friend his swords and things, I expect, and he always
takes an enormous time over that, and I want to talk most
frightfully.”
She sat forward with her hands round her knees and her eyes
gazing out of the window at the stars. Tony will always remember

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