Electronics Microcontrollers for IoT applications
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The document discusses microcontrollers and their applications in IoT, highlighting different types such as Arduino and ESP processors. It details microcontroller functionality, including signal types, memory architecture, and communication protocols. Additionally, it presents examples of IoT projects utilizing various microcontroller boards.
Electronics Microcontrollers for IoT applications
- 1. Electronics Microcontrollers for IoT Applications Leopoldo Armesto Senior Lecturer Universitat Politècnica de València 1
- 2. Outline Microcontroller Signals Memory Architecture Alternatives Electronics for IoT ESP Processors Examples 2
- 3. Microcontroller signals Digital vs. Analog: A digital signal varies between two possible states HIGH or LOW, while an signal that can take any value within a range of voltages. Digital Input: An external device controls the voltage and the microcontroller ‘monitor’ its changes, so we can read it as HIGH or LOW. Digital Output: The microcontroller can set a HIGH or LOW voltage. Analog Input: An internal ADC converts the analog value into a decimal number (typically discrete values with 10-bit to 16 bit resolution). 3
- 4. Microcontroller signals PWM (Pulse modulated width): A periodic signal with variable HIGH/LOW times. Typically used to control transistors, generate frequencies, etc... They can be seen as ‘analog’ signals for components with slow dynamics, such as motors or analog filters. Interrupts: Special signals that will interrupt the current program flow so that a higher priority task can be executed. External: External signals can generate an interrupt on specific pins. Timers: Most microcontrollers include timers to measure time or to execute tasks periodically. 4
- 5. Microcontroller signals Bus signals: Used to transmit digital data between the microcontroller and another external device. UART: Serial communication with two lines (RX and TX) between two devices. I2C: Serial communication with two lines (SDA and SCK). Master-slave architecture. SPI: Serial full-duplex communication with four lines (CLK, MOSI, MISO,SS). Master-slave architecture. 5
- 6. Microcontroller memory Programmemory(Flashmemory): Where we store our code, non-volatile. Large, compared to data memory, because is cheap. Datamemory: RAM (SRAM): Where we store variables that we use in our code. It is deleted on start-up (volatile). Special Function Registers (SFR) are connected to specific peripherals such as de ADC or Timers. ROM (EEPROM): Where we store long-term variables. Usually is even shorter than SRAM, because is expensive. 6
- 7. Microcontroller architecture MCUClock Program Memory Data Memory GPIO Bus Peripherals Timers Interrupts ADC 7
- 8. Microcontroller alternatives Microcontroller • Simple to use • Low consumption Microprocessor • OS • Computational Power • Compatible with many external devices DSP • Similar to uC, but specialized for signal processing • Requires advanced knowledge. FPGA • Very fast • Need to think as a circuit designer. • Deployment is much slower. 8 Arduino Uno WiFi Rev.2 Raspberry Pi 3B+ TI DSP Alhambra board
- 9. Electronics for IoT Arduino Uno WiFi • Easy to use. • Expensive compared to other alternatives. ESP8266 • Cheap • Programmed with Arduino IDE • WiFi ESP32 • Cheap • Programmed with Arduino IDE • WiFi • Faster than ESP8266 Raspberry Pi 3 B+ • More expensive than Raspberry Pi Zero W • Ethernet connection. • SC Card • Camera Raspberry Pi ZeroW • Quite cheap. • WiFi & Bluetooth. • SD Card. • Camera 9
- 10. ESP8266 ESP-01 : Very-low cost Wi-Fi module Can extend Wi-Fi capabilities of Arduino Uno (and similar) through UART connection. 4 GPIO available. ESP-12E: 17 GPIO available (13 in NodeMCU) 1 analog input (0V~1.6V) 10 ESP-01 NodeMCU ESP-12E ESP8266MOD
- 11. Wemos D1 R2 A development board using ESP8266 compatible with Arduino Shields. Characteristics: WiFi 802.11 13 GPIO. 1 analog input (3.3V max). 4Mb Flash Memory 80Mhz/160Mhz clock speed Micro USB (programming and serial communication). Power jack, 9~24V. 11 Wemos D1 R2
- 12. ESP32 Wi-Fi & bluetooth (BLE) 32 GPIO available 18 Analog inputs channels (12 bits) 10 Touch inputs 2 DACs 4 SPI, 2 I2C and 3 UART interfaces SD controller, Ethernet, CAN, IR, Motor PWM, LED PWM 12 ESP32-WROOM-32
- 13. Wemos D1 R32 A development board using ES32 compatible with Arduino Shields. Characteristics: WiFi 802.11 Bluetooth: v4.2 BR/EDR BLE 18 GPIO & 6analog input (3.3V max). 4Mb Flash Memory. 520KB RAM 240Mhz clock speed Micro USB (programming and serial communication).13 Wemos D1 R32
- 14. Examples Relay remote control using ESP-01 Requires an external USB-UART interface for programming Ideal for simple home automation projects 14
- 15. Examples Weather station: Measures: Temperature & Humidity DHT11/22, Pressure, Altitude & Temperature BMP180, Light intensity LDR; Rain value (Rain sensor). IoT Cloud server for logging data. 15
- 16. Examples Starter kit for IoT: Basic I/O: 2 push buttons, 2 LEDs, 1 RGB LED, 1 Potentiometer Sensors: Humidity & Temperature Sensor (DHT11), Analog Temperature Sensor (LM35), Light sensor (LDR) IR communications Buzzer. OLED Screen: 128x64 pixels 16 Wemos D1 R32 Multi-sensor shield OLED screen 128x64
- 17. Electronics Microcontrollers for IoT Applications Leopoldo Armesto Senior Lecturer Universitat Politècnica de València 17