Elisa
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ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a popular biochemistry assay used to detect the presence of a substance like an antigen in a liquid sample. It involves using at least one antibody with specificity for a particular antigen. In ELISA, a liquid sample is added to a solid phase and multiple liquid reagents are sequentially added and incubated followed by an optical change like color development that is measured to quantify the analyte. ELISA has been used as a diagnostic tool in medicine and other industries since the 1960s. It has four main types - indirect, direct, competitive, and multiple/portable - and applications like detecting antibodies, allergens, drugs, and diseases.
Elisa
- 1. ELISA BY: MUHAMMAD ADIL SALIM
- 2. INTRODUCTION Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) The ELISA has been used as a diagnostic tool in medicine and plant pathology, as well as a qualitycontrol check in various industries. ELISA is a popular format of a "wet-lab" type analytic biochemistry assay that is used to detect the presence of a substance, usually an antigen, in a liquid sample or wet sample.
- 4. Performing an ELISA involves at least one antibody with specificity for a particular antigen.
- 5. principle “In ELISA, a liquid sample is added onto a stationary solid phase with special binding properties and is followed by multiple liquid reagents that are sequentially added, incubated and washed followed by some optical change (e.g. color development by the product of an enzymatic reaction) in the final liquid in the well from which the quantity of the analyte is measured. The qualitative "reading" usually based on detection of intensity of transmitted light by spectrophotometry, which involves quantitation of transmission of some specific wavelength of light through the liquid”.
- 6. History 1960. Radioimmunoassay, 1966.Non-radio immunoassay (enzyme linked 1971. Methods to perform EIA/ELISA 2012 an ultrasensitive, enzyme-based ELISA test
- 7. Types of elisa: Four types Indirect elisa Direct elisa Competitive elisa Multiple and portable elisa
- 9. Direct elisa
- 13. Multiple and portable elisa
- 16. Applications it is a useful tool for determining serum antibody concentrations (such as with the HIV test[ or West Nile virus). It has also found applications in the food industry in detecting potential food allergens, such as milk, peanuts,walnuts, almonds, and eggs.
- 17. ELISA can also be used in toxicology as a rapid presumptive screen for certain classes of drugs. Dr Dennis E Bidwell and Alister Voller created the ELISA test to detect various kind of diseases, such as malaria, Chagas disease, andJohne's disease. ELISA tests also are used as in in vitro diagnostics in medical laboratories.
- 18. The other uses of ELISA include: detection of Mycobacterium antibodies in tuberculosis detection of rotavirus in feces detection of hepatitis B markers in serum detection of enterotoxin of E. coli in feces detection of HIV antibodies in blood samples.