Emerging practices 2019 week 6 design analysis
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The document discusses the history and evolution of the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) initiative, which aimed to provide affordable laptop computers to children in developing countries. It traces OLPC's development of the $100 laptop from 2005 onward, and discusses both praise and criticism for its designs. While OLPC had ambitious goals of connecting children globally and changing education, it struggled with technical limitations, lack of teacher training, and questions around whether laptops were actually needed or useful for all students. After over a decade, OLPC programs have wound down in most countries as other technologies like smartphones became more prevalent.
Emerging practices 2019 week 6 design analysis
- 1. Emerging Practices 2019 #ctec702 Ricardo Sosa [email protected] designcomputing
- 4. An Electrifying Read / New electronic books making head-turners out of page turners Jamie Beckett, Chronicle Staff Writer Published 4:00 am PDT, Tuesday, September 22, 1998 https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/An-Electrifying-Read-New-electronic-books-2989846.php
- 15. One Laptop Per Child was formed about a year and a half ago. It's a nonprofit association. It raised about 20 million dollars to do the engineering to just get this built https://www.ted.com/talks/nicholas_negroponte_on_one_laptop_per_child/transcript
- 16. we all in this room learned how to walk, how to talk, not by being taught how to talk, or taught how to walk, but by interacting with the world https://www.ted.com/talks/nicholas_negroponte_on_one_laptop_per_child/transcript
- 17. Whereas at about the age six, we were told to stop learning that way, and that all learning from then on would happen through teaching https://www.ted.com/talks/nicholas_negroponte_on_one_laptop_per_child/transcript
- 18. Now once people start looking at this, they say, "Ah, this is a laptop project." Well, no, it's not a laptop project. It's an education project. https://www.ted.com/talks/nicholas_negroponte_on_one_laptop_per_child/transcript
- 19. Are we dreaming? Is this real? It actually is real. The only criticism, and people really don't want to criticize this, because it is a humanitarian effort, a nonprofit effort and to criticize it is a little bit stupid, actually. https://www.ted.com/talks/nicholas_negroponte_on_one_laptop_per_child/transcript
- 31. “Even though this wasn't the direction we went because the crank - - it really is stupid to have it on board, by the way. In spite of what some people in the press don't get it, didn't understand it, we didn't take it off because we didn't want to do -- having it on the laptop itself is really not what you want. You want a separate thing, like the AC adaptor. I didn't bring one with me, but they really work much better off-board.” https://www.ted.com/talks/nicholas_negroponte_on_one_laptop_per_child_two_years_on/transcript
- 34. http://news.cnet.com/2300-11386_3-10012657-7.html
- 50. http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/the-laptop-crusade/0 http://www.technologyreview.com/news/406141/powering-the-100-laptop/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dvdOoXfHwI Members of the OLPC team, working with product design firm Squid Labs, in Alameda, Calif., found that a small child, using her arms to power a hand crank, could produce only 5 to 10 watts for a few minutes before her arms got tired. It would take about 10 minutes of cranking out 5 W to power the machine for 20 minutes in its color graphics mode. The OLPC designers considered solar cells but rejected them as too expensive. They then turned to Squid Labs, which came up with an ingenious solution: a microgenerator powered by a pull string, similar to the assembly used to start a lawn mower.
- 53. when we deliver laptops to kids in the remotest and poorest parts of the world, they're connected. There's not just laptops. And so, we have to drop in satellite dishes. We put in generators. It's a lot of stuff that goes behind these. https://www.ted.com/talks/nicholas_negroponte_on_one_laptop_per_child_two_years_on/transcript
- 54. So I'm standing here telling you that sometime next year, we're going to make 20 percent of the world production. And if we do that, there are going to be a lot of lucky kids out there https://www.ted.com/talks/nicholas_negroponte_on_one_laptop_per_child_two_years_on/transcript
- 55. http://notebooks.com/2007/11/29/funny-olpc-comic/
- 58. http://boards.core77.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=12621 I believe feature-wise, and its purpose is bang on. However I tend to question the aesthetic. What I question is does it match the device's purpose?... Having been to areas where this is intended to be used the aesthetic doesn't match. For a lack of better word, it is over- stylized. Will something that looks "cool" become a beacon for theft? Functionally, there are 4 hinges (if you count each antenna "ear" as each having a hinge). Africa in particular is innundated with pervasive red dirt. The stuff gets EVERYWHERE. Tweet: jonwinebrenner you're absolutely correct, it appears to have no connection to its stated purpose. I think most of these designed items for the 3rd world, "bringing technology to the worlds kids", are design and media exercises for their creators. by pier » April 11th, 2007
- 59. http://boards.core77.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=12621 it's designerly aesthetic seems remarkably similar to this: except not as cool... i just want to see how the power crank works... twitter.com/madhero101 by yo » April 10th, 2007 Unless there is an armed guard these things are a beacon for theft. Tweet: jonwinebrenner I keep thinking of the Apple eMate circa 1997 by cg » April 11th, 2007 If this thing is durable, but looks like a toy, is that a good design decision? Tweet: jonwinebrenner
- 60. http://inhabitat.com/fuseprojects-award-winning-xo-laptop/ So my concern is more the design of the product. This thing is slick and very modern looking. It LOOKS better and more expensive than $130. Even if these devices get into children’s hands, is having them look the way they do going to attract more attention? I suppose 1M units going to Nigeria could effectively flood the market and make this point moot. But I still question the aesthetic of a product that looks like it should be sitting on my desk next to my iPod in the environment that it is going to. http://www.aialone.com/ you're absolutely correct, it appears to have no connection to its stated purpose. I think most of these designed items for the 3rd world, "bringing technology to the worlds kids", are design and media exercises for their creators. by pier » April 11th, 2007
- 65. http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/NussbaumOnDesign/archives/2007/09/its_time_to_call_one_laptop_per_child_a_failure.html http://www.hackeducation.com/2012/04/09/the-failure-of-olpc/ http://www.olpcnews.com/countries/peru/who_is_to_blame_for_olpc_peru.html “OLPC… broke the most important design rule from the very beginning of the project. Design from the bottom up, not top down. This was, almost in every way, a traditional top down product development”
- 68. https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/16/17233946/olpcs-100-laptop-education-where-is-it-now “Thirteen years ago, OLPC told the world that every child should get a laptop. It never stopped to prove that they needed one.” Adi Robertson Senior Reporter, The Verge
- 69. The Spectacular Failure of One Laptop Per Child by Martin Morse Wooster MAY 25, 2018 https://capitalresearch.org/article/the-spectacular-failure-of-one-laptop-per-child/
- 70. Even Apple is acknowledging that the “iPads in education” fad is coming to an end By Marta Cooper May 25, 2016 https://qz.com/691180/even-apple-is-acknowledging-that-the-ipads-in-education-fad-is-coming-to-an-end/
- 72. https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/08/18/536875865/15-years-later-how-did-it-go-with-maines-school-laptop-program “Yet, after a decade and a half, and at a cost of about $12 million annually (around 1 percent of the state's education budget), Maine has yet to see any measurable increases on statewide standardized test scores. That's part of why Maine's current governor, Paul LePage, has called the program a "massive failure".”
- 73. "If you're going to roll out a high-profile learning initiative statewide for 10 years, I don't think it's inappropriate to expect to see some effect on math and reading scores," he said. "In any long-term implementation, things start getting taken for granted," he said."I think every so often, it's good to stop and reflect." In Maine, statewide evidence of how laptops affect achievement is scarce… Between 2002 and 2011, the percentage of Maine’s eighth-graders scoring at or above proficient on the national reading test barely changed, rising from 38 to 39
- 76. Design Analysis
- 77. • A61H 3/02 . Crutches • A61H 2003/0205 . . {Crutches with no pivoting movement during use, e.g. tripods} • A61H 2003/0211 . . {with curved ground-engaging means, i.e. rockers} • A61H 2003/0216 . . {Crutches in which movement is limited to a pivoting in one plane, e.g. 2-point supports} • A61H 2003/0222 . . {with means for grasping or picking-up objects} • A61H 2003/0227 . . {convertible from armpit- into forearm-model} • A61H 2003/0233 . . {convertible from armpit crutch into cane} • A61H 2003/0238 . . {convertible from forearm crutch into cane} • A61H 3/0244 . . {Arrangements for storing or keeping upright when not in use} • A61H 2003/025 . . . {with devices for securing a pair of crutches together} • A61H 2003/0255 . . . {on a single crutch for being fixed on or supported by a wall, furniture or the like} • A61H 2003/0261 . . . {on walls or furniture for receiving single crutches} • A61H 2003/0266 . . . {with magnetic fixing} • A61H 2003/0272 . . . {on a single crutch allowing it to remain upright when not in use, e.g. retractable tripods (A61H 2003/0205 takes precedence)} • A61H 3/0277 . . {Shock absorbers therefor} • A61H 2003/0283 . . . {using elastomeric material} • A61H 3/0288 . . {Ferrules or tips therefor (for walking sticks or umbrellas A45B 9/04)} • A61H 2003/0294 . . . {comprising a ball-and-socket joint} • A61H 3/04 . Wheeled walking aids for disabled persons {(A61H 3/06 takes precedence)} • A61H 2003/043 . . {with a drive mechanism} • A61H 2003/046 . . {with braking means} • A61H 3/06 . Walking aids for blind persons (replacing direct visual perception by another kind of perception A61F 9/08) • A61H 3/061 . . {with electronic detecting or guiding means} • A61H 2003/063 . . . {with tactile perception} • A61H 2003/065 . . . . {in the form of braille} • A61H 3/066 . . {Installations on the floor, e.g. special surfaces, to guide blind persons} • A61H 3/068 . . {Sticks for blind persons} https://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/cpc/html/cpc-A61H.html
- 78. crutch krʌtʃ/ noun noun: crutch; plural noun: crutches 1.1. a long stick with a crosspiece at the top, used as a support under the armpit by a lame person. • a thing used for support or reassurance. "they use the Internet as a crutch for their loneliness" 2.2. the crotch of the body or a garment. "a black skirt that barely hid her crutch" Origin Old English crycc, cryc, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kruk and German Krücke .
- 81. http://www.thelivingcentre.co.uk/spring-loaded-crutches.html “If you expect to be using crutches for more than a week or so then you will certainly feel the benefit of this innovative product. This product has the following features: •Spring Assist Technology •Articulating Crutch Tips •Ergonomic Handles •Fully Molded Cuffs •Stylish black colour •Supports weight up to 350 lbs They are fully adjustable and suit users with heights between 5ft and 6ft 6inches. The crutches weigh 1.1kg each.”
- 86. https://iwalk-free.com/ Standard crutches hurt! Crutches are hard to walk in. Navigating stairs on crutches is dangerous. Underarms get bruised and rubbed raw. Crutches make your arms and shoulders fatigue. But most of all, crutches fall short because you can’t use your hands or your arms.
- 90. Design Analysis Why does this exist? What is it? How does it work? What does it solve? What does it mean? Who is this for?
- 91. https://www.flickr.com/photos/imageme/3299890190/
- 92. chopstick ˈtʃɒpstɪk/ noun noun: chopstick; plural noun: chopsticks 1.each of a pair of small, thin, tapered sticks of wood, ivory, or plastic, held together in one hand and used as eating utensils especially by the Chinese and the Japanese. late 17th century: pidgin English, from chop ‘quick’ + stick1, translating Chinese dialect kuàizi, literally ‘nimble ones’.
- 95. https://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/cpc/html/cpc-A47G.html#A47G21/103 A47G 21/00 Table-ware (crumb trays A47L 13/52; table knives B26B) A47G 21/001 . {Holders or wrappers as eating aids for fast food, e.g. hamburgers} A47G 2021/002 . {collapsible} A47G 21/004 . {Table-ware comprising food additives to be used with foodstuff (spoon-like infusers A47G 19/16; drinking straws A47G 21/183)} A47G 21/005 . {Devices for spreading butter (for corn cob holders A47G 19/303; apparatus or utensils for shaping butter or the like A47J 9/00)} A47G 21/007 . {with means for keeping food cool or hot} A47G 2021/008 . {with means for influencing or monitoring the temperature of the food} A47G 21/02 . Forks; Forks with ejectors; Combined forks and spoons; Salad servers A47G 21/023 . . {Forks; Forks with ejectors} A47G 21/026 . . . {comprising means for rotating the fork, e.g. rotating spaghetti forks} A47G 21/04 . Spoons; Pastry servers A47G 21/045 . . {Pastry servers} A47G 21/06 . Combined or separable sets of table-service utensils; Oyster knives with openers; Fish servers with means for removing bones (kitchen equipment A47J) A47G 21/061 . . {Oyster knives with openers; Shellfish openers (processing bivalves, e.g. oysters, A22C 29/04)} A47G 21/062 . . . {Oyster splitters working by forcing a knife or the like between shells (A47G 21/067 takes precedence)} A47G 21/063 . . . . {Separate oyster supports therefor} A47G 21/065 . . . . {Hand tools, e.g. shucking knives} A47G 21/066 . . . . . {electrically operated} A47G 21/067 . . . {Oyster punching devices for removing a part of its edge} A47G 21/068 . . . {Devices for piercing the upper shell of oysters; Muscle cutters for use therewith} A47G 21/08 . Serving devices for one-handed persons A47G 21/10 . Sugar tongs; Asparagus tongs; Other food tongs A47G 21/103 . . {Chop-sticks} A47G 21/106 . . {Tea bag squeezers} A47G 21/12 . Toothpick holders
- 97. “Japanese chopsticks are usually shorter than other chopsticks and taper to a fine point. They are traditionally made of bamboo or wood and are often lacquered. Japanese chopsticks also come in kid sizes and woman sizes which are even shorter than standard sizes. Bento sized chopsticks, which fit inside of bento boxes, can also be quite short and sometimes made of colorful plastic. In Korea, chopsticks are a medium length with a flat rectangular shape. They are traditionally made from brass or silver and are used simultaneously with a spoon. Chinese chopsticks are longer and thicker than both Japanese and Korean chopsticks. They have squared or rounded sides and end in blunt, flat tips. They can be made from many materials but are most commonly made from melamine plastic or lacquered bamboo.” https://www.tofugu.com/japan/chopsticks-in-japan/
- 100. Design Evaluation How good is this? How well does it work? Should this be this way? Is this solving anything? Is this the best it can be?
- 108. https://www.tofugu.com/japan/chopsticks-in-japan/
- 109. Design Δ-Synthesis How else could this be? Who else may need it? What else can this do?
- 117. “When people fail to follow these bizarre, secret rules, and the machine does the wrong thing, its operators are blamed for not understanding the machine, for not following its rigid specifications. With everyday objects, the result is frustration. With complex devices and commercial and industrial processes, the resulting difficulties can lead to accidents, injuries, and even deaths. It is time to reverse the situation: to cast the blame upon the machines and their design. It is the machine and its design that are at fault. It is the duty of machines and those who design them to understand people. It is not our duty to understand the arbitrary, meaningless dictates of machines” - Donald Norman, The Design of Everyday Things