Emotions
Download as PPTX, PDF15 likes1,433 views
The document discusses emotions from several perspectives. It defines emotions and explores the physiological components of emotions as well as theories about how emotions originate from stimuli. The James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Two-Factor theories are described, which propose different relationships between physiological arousal and emotional experience. Disorders of emotion are also reviewed, looking at abnormalities in expression, arousal, and social context evaluation. Primary emotions like joy, fear and anger are identified along with the roles of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex in processing emotion.
Emotions
- 1. Emotion DR GANESH INGOLE RESIDENT PSYCHIATRY 1
- 2. • Introduction • Physiology • Theories of Emotion • Disorders of Emotion 2
- 3. Definition • Complex feeling state with psychic, somatic and behavioral components. 3Benjamin James Sadock, Virginia Alcott Sadock, Pedro Ruiz,2007,Glossary,Synopsis of Psychiatry,11th edition,1411
- 4. What are the Functions of Emotions? 1. They are a source of information 2. They prepare us for action 3. They help us communicate with others, e.g. facial expressions and attachment 4. They regulate social behaviour 5. They can create cognitive bias and maintain self-esteem 4Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,305-338
- 5. Primary Emotions • Excitement • Joy • Surprise • Sadness • Disgust • Shame • Anger • Fear Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,311 5
- 6. The Brain and Emotion • The amygdala – Responsible for assessing threat. – Damage to the amygdala results in abnormality to process fear. • Left prefrontal cortex – Involved in motivation to approach others. – Damage to this area results in loss of joy. • Right prefrontal cortex – Involved in withdrawal and escape. – Damage to the area results in excessive mania and euphoria. 6Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,317
- 7. Hormones • Epinephrine (adrenaline): released from adrenal gland, increase heart rate, constricts blood vessels • Cortisol: released from adrenal gland, mobilizes sugar 7Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,315
- 8. Biology of Emotions: The Autonomic Nervous System During an emotional experience, our autonomic nervous system mobilizes energy in the body that arouses us. 8Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,315
- 9. James-Lange Theory William James and Carl Lange proposed an idea that was diametrically opposed to the common-sense view. The James-Lange Theory proposes that physiological activity precedes the emotional experience. 1842-1910 1834 - 1900 9Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,330
- 10. Cannon-Bard Theory Walter B. Cannon and Phillip Bard questioned the James- Lange Theory and proposed that an emotion-triggering stimulus and the body's arousal take place simultaneously. 1871-1945 1898-1977 10Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,330-331
- 11. HYPOTHALA MUS STIMULUS Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) PHYSIOLOGIC AL REACTION Cerebral Cortex AWARENESS OF EMOTIONS THE CANNON-BARD THEORY 11Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,330-331
- 12. Two-Factor Theory Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed yet another theory which suggests our physiology and cognitions create emotions. Emotions have two factors– physical arousal and cognitive label. 1922-1977 12Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,331-332
- 13. SCHATwo-Factor TheoryCHTER-SINGER THEORY Formulated by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer, this theory emphasized that we express emotions through a combination of physiological arousal and environmental cues. We experience emotion based on the physiological arousal and our assessment on our current situation 13 STIMULUS THALAMU S OBSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CUES PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL IDENTIFYING EMOTIONS Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,331-332
- 14. Comparison of the Theories of Emotion Theory Initial reaction Secondary reaction James–Lange Physical reaction Emotion occurs Cannon–Bard Emotion occurs at the same time as the physical response Schachter–Singer Physical and Situation–search emotional environment reactions occur at the same time 14Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,330
- 15. Disorders of Emotions Abnormalities of basic emotions • Intensity • Duration • Expression • Appropriateness 15Femi Oyebode,2008,Affect and emotional disorders, Sims’ Symptoms in the Mind 4th edition,318-328
- 16. Disorders of Emotions Abnormalities of Physiological arousal • Alexithymia-Difficulties in the capacity to verbalize affect and elaborate fantasies • Somatization- Selective perception and focus on the somatic manifestations of the disorder with denial of the affective and cognitive changes 16Femi Oyebode,2008,Affect and emotional disorders, Sims’ Symptoms in the Mind 4th edition,327
- 17. Disorders of Emotions Abnormalities of Evaluation of Social Context • Prosopoaffective Agnosia-Selective deficiency in appreciating the emotional expressions displayed in the face of others • Receptive Vocal Dysprosody-selective deficit in recognizing the emotional tone in speech. 17Femi Oyebode,2008,Affect and emotional disorders, Sims’ Symptoms in the Mind 4th edition,328
- 18. Reference • Femi Oyebode,2008,Affect and emotional disorders, Sims’ Symptoms in the Mind 4th edition,315-339 • Clifford T. Morgan, Richard A. King, John R Weisz, John Schopler,1993,Emotion and stress, Introduction To Psychology, 7th edition,305-338 • Benjamin James Sadock, Virginia Alcott Sadock, Pedro Ruiz,2007,Glossary,Synopsis of Psychiatry,11th edition,1411 • Patricia Casey,Brendan Kelly,1985,Disorders of Emotio,Fish’sclinicalpsychopathology,3rd edition,65-74 18
- 19. THANK YOU 19