ENC Msc 2a Unit Research Critique.pptx

CRITIQUING RESEARCH
Prof.Dr.Chinna Chadayan.N
RN.RM., B.Sc (N)., M.Sc (N)., Ph.D (N).,
Professor,
Adult and Elderly Health Nursing Department,
Enam Nursing College – Savar,
Bangladesh.
Unit 2a Critique 1

WHAT IS RESEARCH CRITIQUE?
• A critical evaluation / appraisal of a research report
Unit 2a Critique 2

RESEARCH CRITIQUE – DEFINITION
• “Systematic, unbiased, careful examination of all aspects
of a study to judge the merits, limitations, meaning and
significance based on previous research experience and
knowledge of the topic” - Burns, N. & Grove, S., 2005
Unit 2a Critique 3

RESEARCH CRITIQUE …
• Requires
 • critical thinking,
• appraisal &
• intellectual skill
Unit 2a Critique 4

Importance of research critique
 • To broaden understanding for use in practice.
 • For implementing an evidence-based nursing practice.
 • Encourages nurses to participate in clinical inquiry and
provide evidence for use in practice.
Unit 2a Critique 5

PURPOSES OF CRITIQUE
To assess students’ methodological and analytical skills
(identify limitations & strengths).
 Seasoned researcher to help journal editions
 Written critique is a guide to researcher
 To advance nursing knowledge & profession
Unit 2a Critique 6

APPROACHES FOR CRITIQUING
Principles
 Be objective: make comments specific to the work you
are reviewing
 Be constructive: Critique should be an advisory and
constructive nature
Unit 2a Critique 7

CRITIQUE PROCESS
Comprehension
Comparison
Analysis
Evaluation
Conceptual clustering
Unit 2a Critique 8

GENERAL GUIDELINES
Read & critique the entire study
Be objective & realistic
Comment on strengths and weakness
Give specific examples
Suggest alternatives
Unit 2a Critique 9

GENERAL GUIDELINES
Use positive terms whenever possible and say the positive
points first
Avoid vague generalizations of praise and fault findings
Be sensitive in handling negative comments
Evaluate substantive, ethical, methodologic, interpretative
& presentational dimensions
Unit 2a Critique 10

INITIAL CRITIQUE
  What type of study was conducted?
 What was the setting?
  Were the steps clearly identified?
 Was there a logical flow?
Unit 2a Critique 11

ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH CRITIQUE
  Substantive & theoretical dimensions
  Methodologic dimensions
  Ethical dimensions
  Interpretive dimensions
  Presentation / stylistic dimensions
Unit 2a Critique 12

CRITERIA: INTRODUCTION
o  Is the purpose of the study presented?
o  Is the significance (importance) of the problem
discussed?
o  Does the investigator provide a sense of what he or
she is doing and why?
Unit 2a Critique 13

Critique: PROBLEM STATEMENT
  Is the problem statement clear?
 Does the investigator identify key research questions
and variables to be examined?
  Does the study have the potential to help solve a
problem that is currently faced in clinical practice?
Unit 2a Critique 14

Critique: LITERATURE REVIEW
  Does literature review follow a logical sequence
leading to a critical review of supporting and conflicting
prior work?
  Is the relationship of the study to previous research
clear?
  Does the investigator describe gaps in the literature
and support the necessity of the present study?
Unit 2a Critique 15

Critique: Theoretical/Conceptual Framework:
•  Check if conceptual framework described?
•  If not, does it detract from the research?
•  Are the concepts to be studied identified and defined?
•  Are measures for each of the concepts identified and
described?
•  Does the research problem flow naturally from the
conceptual framework?
Unit 2a Critique 16

Critique:
RESEARCH QUESTIONS/HYPOTHESES
 Are research questions or hypotheses formally stated?
 Do the research questions and hypotheses naturally flow from
the research problem and theoretical framework?
 Does each research question or hypothesis contain at least two
variables?
Are the research questions or hypotheses worded clearly and
objectively?
Unit 2a Critique 17

Critique: METHODOLOGY
  Are the relevant variables and concepts clearly and operationally
defined?
  Is the design appropriate for the research questions or hypotheses?
  Are methods of data collection sufficiently described?
  What are the identified and potential threats to internal and
external validity that were present in the study?
  If there was more than one data collector, was the inter-rater
reliability adequate?
Unit 2a Critique 18

Critique: SAMPLE
Are the subjects and sampling methods described?
Is the sample of sufficient size for the study, given the
number of variables and design?
Is there adequate assurance that the rights of human
subjects were protected?
Unit 2a Critique 19

Critique: INSTRUMENTS
Are appropriate instruments for data collection used?
 Are reliability and validity of the instruments adequate?
Unit 2a Critique 20

Critique: DATAANALYSIS
Are the statistical tests used identified and the values
reported?
Are appropriate statistics used, according to level of
measurement, sample size, sampling method, and
hypotheses / research questions?
Unit 2a Critique 21

Critique: RESULTS
 Are the results for each hypothesis clearly and objectively
presented?
 Do the figures and tables illuminate the presentation of results?
 Are results described in light of the theoretical framework and
supporting literature?
Unit 2a Critique 22

Critique:
Conclusions / discussion
 Are conclusions based on the results and related to the
hypotheses?
Are study limitations identified?
 Are generalizations made within the scope of the
findings?
Are implications of findings discussed (i.e., for practice,
education and research)?
 Are recommendations for further research stated?
Unit 2a Critique 23

Critique:
RESEARCH UTILIZATION IMPLICATIONS
 Is the study of sufficient quality to meet the criterion of
scientific merit?
 Does the study meet the criterion of replicability?
 Is the study of relevance to practice?
 Is the study feasible for nurses to implement?
 Do the benefits of the study outweigh the risks?
Unit 2a Critique 24

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH EVALUATION
Unit 2a Critique 25

STATEMENT OF THE
PHENOMENON OF INTEREST
 Is the phenomenon of interest clearly identified?
 Has the researcher identified why the phenomenon
requires a qualitative format?
 Has the research described the philosophic
underpinnings of the research?
Unit 2a Critique 26

PURPOSE
  Has the research made explicit the purpose of
conducting the research?
 Does the researcher describe the projected significance
of the work to nursing?
Unit 2a Critique 27

METHOD
  Is the method used to collect data compatible with the
purpose of the research?
 Is the method adequate to address the phenomenon of
interest?
  If a particular approach is used to guide the inquiry,
does the researcher complete the study according to the
processes described?
Unit 2a Critique 28

SAMPLING
  Does the researcher describe the selection of
participants? Is purposive sampling used?
 Are the informants who were chosen appropriate for
research?
Unit 2a Critique 29

DATA COLLECTION
 Is data collection focused on human experience?
 Does the researcher describe data collection strategies
(i.e. interview, observation, field notes)?
 Is protection of human participants addressed?
 Is saturation of the data described?
 Has the researcher made explicit the procedures for
collecting data ?
Unit 2a Critique 30

DATAANALYSIS
  Does the researcher describe the strategies used to
analyze the data?
  Has the researcher remained true to the data?
  Does the reader understand the procedures used to
analyze the data?
 Does researcher address the credibility, auditability,
and fittingness of the data?
Unit 2a Critique 31

DATAANALYSIS
 Credibility
  Do the participants recognize the experience as their own?
 Auditability
 Can the reader follow the researcher’s thinking?
 Does the researcher document the research process?
 Fittingness
 Can the findings be applicable outside the study situation?
 Are the results meaningful to individuals not involved in the research?
 Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the
study?
Unit 2a Critique 32

FINDINGS
  Are the findings presented within a context?
  Is the reader able to grasp the essence of the
experience from the report of the findings?
  Are the researcher’s conceptualization true to the
data?  Does the researcher place the report in the
context of what already is known about the
phenomenon?
Unit 2a Critique 33

CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION &
RECOMMENDATIONS
  Do the conclusions, implications and recommendations
give the reader a context in which to use the findings?
  Do the conclusions reflect the study findings?
  Does the researcher offer recommendations for future
study?
  Has the researcher made explicit the significance of the
study to nursing?
Unit 2a Critique 34

STYLES IN WRITING
More formal, impersonal fashion and use passive voice
Make concluding evaluation statement as to the overall worth and
relevance of the study
Research is the best possible means of answering many questions, no
single study can provide conclusive evidence
Evidence is accumulated through the conduct & evaluation of several
studies
 Reader who can do reflective and thorough critiques of research
reports play a role in advancing nursing knowledge
Unit 2a Critique 35

IN CONCLUSION…..
A word about your style:
let your presentation be well reasoned and objective.
If you passionately disagree (or agree) with the
author, let your passion inspire you to new heights of
thorough research and reasoned argument.
Unit 2a Critique 36

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