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76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to
POW camps in the Philippines.POW camps in the Philippines.
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to
POW camps in the Philippines.POW camps in the Philippines.
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End of world war ii
The Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 to January 1945 was the largest land battle of World War II in Western Europe involving over 1 million soldiers from the US, Germany, and Britain. It resulted in over 81,000 US casualties including 19,000 killed. The defeat of German forces in this battle was a major turning point that led to the Allied victory in Europe several months later.
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End of world war ii
- 1. End of WorldWar II
- 2. European Theater ofOperations
- 3. The Battle ofthe Bulge which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28,The Battle of the Bulge which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28, 1945 was the1945 was the largest landlargest land battle of World War II in which thebattle of World War II in which the United StatesUnited States participated. More than a million men fought in this battle including someparticipated. More than a million men fought in this battle including some 600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British.600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British. The Battle of the Bulge which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28,The Battle of the Bulge which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28, 1945 was the1945 was the largest landlargest land battle of World War II in which thebattle of World War II in which the United StatesUnited States participated. More than a million men fought in this battle including someparticipated. More than a million men fought in this battle including some 600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British.600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British.
- 4. Battle of theBulgeBattle of the Bulge At the conclusion of the battle the casualties were as follows: 81,000At the conclusion of the battle the casualties were as follows: 81,000 U.S. with 19,000 killed, 1400 British with 200 killed, and 100,000U.S. with 19,000 killed, 1400 British with 200 killed, and 100,000 Germans killed, wounded or captured.Germans killed, wounded or captured. At the conclusion of the battle the casualties were as follows: 81,000At the conclusion of the battle the casualties were as follows: 81,000 U.S. with 19,000 killed, 1400 British with 200 killed, and 100,000U.S. with 19,000 killed, 1400 British with 200 killed, and 100,000 Germans killed, wounded or captured.Germans killed, wounded or captured.
- 5. In February 1945the leaders of the Allied powers, known as the Big Three, met at Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula to discuss Allied military strategy in the final months of World War II In February 1945 the leaders of the Allied powers, known as the Big Three, met at Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula to discuss Allied military strategy in the final months of World War II The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference
- 6. The Battle ofBerlin •By April 1, 1945, the Russians were outside Berlin. They built up for two weeks, knowing that Berlin would be heavily contested. •Berlin’s fate was sealed, but the resistance continued. The Soviets sustained 305,000 dead; the Germans sustained as many as 325,000, including civilians. •By April 1, 1945, the Russians were outside Berlin. They built up for two weeks, knowing that Berlin would be heavily contested. •Berlin’s fate was sealed, but the resistance continued. The Soviets sustained 305,000 dead; the Germans sustained as many as 325,000, including civilians.
- 7. Hitler Commits Suicide April30, 1945 The FThe Füührer’shrer’s BunkerBunker Film Clip On April 30, Adolf Hitler married Eva Braun, took cyanide and shot himself. On April 30, Adolf Hitler married Eva Braun, took cyanide and shot himself.
- 8. Berlin surrendered onMay 2. Soviet soldiers ransacked the city, raping 100,000 German women of all ages and looting anything of value. Berlin surrendered on May 2. Soviet soldiers ransacked the city, raping 100,000 German women of all ages and looting anything of value. Film ClipFilm Clip
- 9. The Battle ofBerlin was over, and with it went the Third Reich. The thousand- year Reich had lasted for twelve years, and 50 million people were dead. The German surrender was signed on May 7 in Rheims, France. The Battle of Berlin
- 10. VE Day marksthe day of the Allies’ victory in Europe during World War II. After 3½ years of war, Nazi Germany surrendered unconditionally in 1945. VE Day marks the day of the Allies’ victory in Europe during World War II. After 3½ years of war, Nazi Germany surrendered unconditionally in 1945.
- 11. Pacific Theater ofOperations - Seized Hong Kong and Malaya - Conquered Singapore and the Dutch East Indies (islands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and Celebes) - Took Burma (between China and India) - Captured the Philippines - Seized Hong Kong and Malaya - Conquered Singapore and the Dutch East Indies (islands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and Celebes) - Took Burma (between China and India) - Captured the Philippines Japan had conquered more than 1 million square miles of land with about 150 million people.
- 12. U.S. Surrenders atCorregidor, the Philippines [March, 1942]
- 13. Bataan Death March:April, 1942 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to POW camps in the Philippines.POW camps in the Philippines. 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles to POW camps in the Philippines.POW camps in the Philippines. Film Clip 2:41- 7:00
- 14. The marchers madethe trek in intense heat and were subjected to harsh treatment by Japanese guards. Thousands perished in what became known as the Bataan Death The marchers made the trek in intense heat and were subjected to harsh treatment by Japanese guards. Thousands perished in what became known as the Bataan Death Bataan Death March: April, 1942
- 15. Island Hopping inthe Pacific!Island Hopping in the Pacific!
- 16. Island Hopping StrategySuccessfulIsland Hopping Strategy Successful Led by Douglas McArthur, the United States began an island-hopping campaign to push the Japanese back to Japan. Midway, 1942 Iwo Jima, 1944-45 Guadalcanal, 1942-43 Philippines, 1944 Okinawa, 1945
- 17. Turning Point: MidwayTurningPoint: Midway The Battle of Midway was a victory for American forces and marked a turning point in the Pacific theater during World War II. The Battle of Midway was a victory for American forces and marked a turning point in the Pacific theater during World War II.
- 18. Turning Point: Midway:TurningPoint: Midway: June 4-6, 1942June 4-6, 1942 The Japanese lost four aircraft carriers, two cruisers, and three destroyers. The U.S. lost the aircraft carrier Yorktown and one destroyer. The Japanese lost four aircraft carriers, two cruisers, and three destroyers. The U.S. lost the aircraft carrier Yorktown and one destroyer.
- 19. A Voice FromThe PastA Voice From The Past “Hell was furry red spiders as big as your fist, giant lizards as long as your leg, leeches falling from trees to suck blood, armies of white ants with bites of fire, scurrying scorpions inflaming any flesh they touched, enormous rats and bats everywhere, and rivers with waiting crocodiles. Hell was the sour, foul smell of the squishy jungle, humidity that rotted a body within hours…Hell was an enemy…so fanatic that it used its own dead as booby traps.”
- 20. Gen. MacArthur “Returns”to the Philippines! [1944]
- 21. Leyte GulfLeyte Gulf Americanground troops continued to push toward the Philippines, landing at Leyte Island in October 1944. The Japanese used nearly their entire fleet against MacArthur’s troops, making this the largest naval engagement in history. American ground troops continued to push toward the Philippines, landing at Leyte Island in October 1944. The Japanese used nearly their entire fleet against MacArthur’s troops, making this the largest naval engagement in history.
- 22. MacARTHUR’S PROCLAMATION “IHAVERETURNED” Despitethe impressive showing by the Japanese, ________________Despite the impressive showing by the Japanese, ________________Despite the impressive showing by the Japanese, ________________Despite the impressive showing by the Japanese, ________________the Allied forcesthe Allied forces prevailed.prevailed.
- 23. Victory With ASteep PriceVictory With A Steep Price Such victories in the Pacific did not come easy. While theSuch victories in the Pacific did not come easy. While the Allies captured the key city of Manila in March, 1945,Allies captured the key city of Manila in March, 1945, fierce Japanese resistance prevented them from fullyfierce Japanese resistance prevented them from fully conquering the islands until July, at the horrific cost ofconquering the islands until July, at the horrific cost of 60,000 American lives.60,000 American lives. Even as the Japanese suffered defeat aftercrushing defeat,Even as the Japanese suffered defeat aftercrushing defeat, the imperial forces seemed only to increase theirresistance.the imperial forces seemed only to increase theirresistance.
- 24. Japanese Kamikaze Planes: TheScourge of the South Pacific Kamikaze PilotsKamikaze Pilots SuicideSuicide BombersBombers Kamikaze pilots, sacrificing theirlives in a last-ditch effort to stop the American advance, sank about 40 U.S. ships.
- 25. US Marines onMt. Surbachi, Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]
- 26. Battle of IwoJimaBattle of Iwo Jima In March of 1945, American marines gained control of the tiny, but strategically located, island of Iwo Jima. Iwo Jima is just 660 miles from Tokyo. This victory came after losing more than 20,000 more soldiers than they had ever lost in a single battle. In March of 1945, American marines gained control of the tiny, but strategically located, island of Iwo Jima. Iwo Jima is just 660 miles from Tokyo. This victory came after losing more than 20,000 more soldiers than they had ever lost in a single battle.
- 27. On August 6,1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a Japanese city and military center. The blast destroyed 68 percent of the city. An estimated 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed and thousands more were made homeless. On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a Japanese city and military center. The blast destroyed 68 percent of the city. An estimated 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed and thousands more were made homeless. Atomic Bomb
- 28. NagasakiNagasaki Three days later,on August 9th , a second bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. Over 40,000 people died instantly. In the successive weeks, thousands more Japanese died from the after effects of the _______________ exposure of the blast. Three days later, on August 9th , a second bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. Over 40,000 people died instantly. In the successive weeks, thousands more Japanese died from the after effects of the _______________ exposure of the blast. radiation
- 29. VJ-Day: The Waris Over!VJ-Day: The War is Over! Japanese officials formally surrendered to the Allies on September 2, 1945, aboard the United States battleship Missouri. Japan's surrender brought an end to World War II (1939-1945). Japanese officials formally surrendered to the Allies on September 2, 1945, aboard the United States battleship Missouri. Japan's surrender brought an end to World War II (1939-1945).
- 30. VJ-Day: The Waris Over!VJ-Day: The War is Over!
- 31. The Manhattan ProjectTheManhattan Project Dr. RobertDr. Robert OppenheimerOppenheimer I am become death, the shatterer of worlds! Film Clip President HarryPresident Harry TrumanTruman 1. How should President Truman end the war? What are his options? 2. What are the objections toward using the atomic bomb? 1. How should President Truman end the war? What are his options? 2. What are the objections toward using the atomic bomb?
- 32. Reasons and Motivations •Extreme nationalism and militarism of Japanese • Military who refused to surrender. • Kamikaze pilots were killing American soldiers and causing damage to U.S. ships. •Risk of Land invasion – Americans calculated over 1 million American and Japanese casualties •Need to end war before Stalin and Soviet Union could arrive to help.
- 33. Method and Strategy LittleBoy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man Used the crew of the Enola Gay to drop first bomb on Hiroshima
- 34. Hiroshima – August6, 1945Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 © 70,000 killed70,000 killed immediately.immediately. © 48,000 buildings.48,000 buildings. destroyed.destroyed. © 100,000s died of100,000s died of radiation poisoning &radiation poisoning & cancer later.cancer later. Aftermath and Impact
- 35. © 40,000 killed40,000killed immediately.immediately. © 60,000 injured.60,000 injured. © 100,000s died of100,000s died of radiation poisoningradiation poisoning & cancer later.& cancer later. Nagasaki August 9, 1945 Nagasaki August 9, 1945 Aftermath and Impact
- 36.
- 37.
- 38. Costs of theWarCosts of the War • Mass DestructionMass Destruction • 40 Million dead – 25 million wounded40 Million dead – 25 million wounded • Europe, USSR, North Africa, East Africa wereEurope, USSR, North Africa, East Africa were destroyeddestroyed • Major cities in ruins – Berlin, Paris, London, TokyoMajor cities in ruins – Berlin, Paris, London, Tokyo • Holocaust and Atomic Bomb – Civilian casualtiesHolocaust and Atomic Bomb – Civilian casualties
- 39. Creation and Restructuringof New NationsCreation and Restructuring of New Nations • Germany Split:Germany Split: East – controlledEast – controlled by USSRby USSR West – USA,West – USA, France, BritainFrance, Britain • Japan occupied byJapan occupied by the U.S. – Led bythe U.S. – Led by MacArthur -MacArthur - Created aCreated a constitution andconstitution and democracydemocracy • Israel Declared aIsrael Declared a sovereign nationsovereign nation • DecolonizationDecolonization begins in India andbegins in India and AfricaAfrica
- 40. Development of SuperpowersDevelopmentof Superpowers • U.S. and USSR become world SuperpowersU.S. and USSR become world Superpowers • US – Democracy and CapitalismUS – Democracy and Capitalism • USSR – Totalitarian and CommunismUSSR – Totalitarian and Communism • Yalta Conference – Division of Europe led toYalta Conference – Division of Europe led to USSR control of Eastern Europe and the “IronUSSR control of Eastern Europe and the “Iron Curtain”Curtain”
- 41. New TechnologyNew Technology •Atomic BombsAtomic Bombs • Improved tanks, planes, submarines, weaponsImproved tanks, planes, submarines, weapons • Aircraft Carrier, walkie talkie, Radar, SonarAircraft Carrier, walkie talkie, Radar, Sonar • Leads to arms race and space race between USALeads to arms race and space race between USA and USSRand USSR
- 42. United NationsUnited Nations •1945 - Replaces1945 - Replaces League of NationsLeague of Nations • Goal – MaintainGoal – Maintain peace, promotepeace, promote cooperation betweencooperation between nations, fight worldnations, fight world hunger, disease,hunger, disease, ignoranceignorance • Most nations joined –Most nations joined – General AssemblyGeneral Assembly • Security Council –Security Council – USA, USSR, Britain,USA, USSR, Britain, France, ChinaFrance, China