Energy flow
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Energy exists in many forms and is transferred between organisms through food webs and chains. Autotrophs like plants capture energy from sunlight through photosynthesis and are eaten by herbivores, while carnivores eat other animals and omnivores eat both plants and animals. Energy and matter are recycled through ecosystems in cycles like the water, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles which transform molecules like carbon, water, nitrogen, and oxygen between living and nonliving matter.
Energy flow
- 2. Energy exists in many kinds of molecules It cannot be created or destroyed It simply transforms from one kind or energy to another through a variety of processes We’ll start with how energy flows through living organisms by food
- 3. Autotrophs – (producers) – capture energy from the sun or the environment and convert it into "food” Heterotrophs – (consumers) – must get their energy from other living things Herbivores: eat plants Carnivores: eat animals Omnivores: eat plants and/or animals Detritivores/decomposers: eat dead plant or animal material
- 4. Utilized by the autotrophs!
- 5. the flow of energy can be shown through food chain a single line of predators and their prey food web shows more complex interactions understanding that organisms don’t eat just one type of food food pyramid shows, in measurable quantities, how much energy is required to feed the next level
- 6. Each step in a chain or web is called a TROPHIC LEVEL Study the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary consumers
- 7. Autotrophs (producers) Heterotrophs (consumers) Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores
- 8. Some bacteria live in deep ocean vents, and make their food from chemicals in those vents
- 9. Autotrophs (producers) Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumers
- 10. Confused? Try this link…it explains it all!
- 11. Matter (solids, liquids, gasses) doesn’t stop existing when it gets to the top of the pyramid It gets naturally recycled through a series of cycles the molecules present in each part of the ecosystem do not get used up; they transform into other things Water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen Study the following cycles
- 12. Click here for a description of the water cycle The basics water falls as precipitation soaks into ground; used by living organisms evaporates or transpirates back into atmosphere condenses back into liquid and falls again
- 13. Click here for a description of the carbon cycle. The basics carbon from atmosphere gets transformed into food molecules through photosynthesis living things eat food molecules living things die and decompose decomposed material turns into fossil fuels burning fossil fuels or respiration returns carbon back to atmosphere
- 14. Link to description of the nitrogen cycle. The basics exists as a gas in the atmosphere must use bacteria to turn into solid form useable by plants animals eat plants plants and animals die returning nitrogen to the soil more bacteria turn nitrogen back into gas form in atmosphere
- 15. Link to the description of the oxygen cycle. The basics oxygen is produced through photosynthesis and released to atmosphere oxygen is used during respiration and decomposition of dead organic matter