Energy modeling 101 (public)

Begin With the End In Mind
ENERGY MODELING 101

OVERVIEW
 Introduction to Modeling
– Who, What, When, Where, How?
– Types of Models – What do they tell us?
– Cost/Payback
 5-10 Sample Model Simulation
– Critical Inputs
 Case Studies/Lessons Learned

TERMINOLOGY
 R-value (or “U-factor”) – thermal resistance
 SHGC or solar heat gain coefficient – heat from the sun, typically thru windows or skylights
 Schedule – when something is on or off, also used when the building is occupied. Usually
used as a percentage of fully “on” or occupied.
 Building Mass – “thermal inertia” or the ability (rate) of a building to absorb and retain heat.
The higher the building mass, the more heat energy is retained in the building over time.
 Plug or Process Loads – Typically loads that are plugged in. An example would be a desk
lamp or computer.
 HVAC – Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning
 Economizer – typically refers to scheduling an HVAC system to blow air without the
heaters and chillers (refrigerant) being used/on.

BUILDING EUI
ALL BUILDINGS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL

COMMON MISUNDERSTANDINGS
 Energy modeling isn’t for me. Isn’t a big firm, big
project need?
 Energy modeling is too detailed. Can’t we get what
we need to know without it?
 Will energy modeling detract from my other design
goals?
 I’m worried that energy considerations and integrated
design teams will limit design decisions.
 Energy modeling takes time and resources. Can our
firm afford to do it?

BASIC METHODOLOGY
1. Providing Inputs to the Energy Modeler
2. Calculate the baseline or proposed
building energy use
3. Analyze outputs to determine the most
cost effective strategy or bundle of
strategies
4. Modify inputs and provide to Energy
Modeler
5. Repeat, repeat, repeat, until the desired
outcome is met – design is an iterative
process

WHO IS INVOLVED???
 Energy Modeler
 Architect
 MEP Engineer (& Lighting Consultant, if separate)
 Builder/Contractor
 Owner/Developer
 Facilities or Building Manager
 Occupants
KEY STAKEHOLDERS & COLLABORATORS

LEVELS OF MODELING ELEMENTS/INPUTS

TYPES OF ENERGY MODELS
MODELS ARE DEVELOPED FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES

TYPES OF ENERGY MODELS CONT’D

START EARLY!!!
Over 30%
of the potential passive
design energy
reduction stratagies are
lost after the
Conceptual Design
Phase.

AREAS TO EVALUATE
 Massing/Orientation
 Daylighting (passive & active)
 Natural Ventilation (if applicable)
 Envelope (Roof, Walls, Slab, Windows, Doors,
Exposed Assemblies, etc.)
 Lighting Power (Indoor/Outdoor)
 HVAC (equipment efficiencies, controls, sizing)
 Indoor Water Use & Domestic Hot Water Heating
(efficiencies & controls)
 Plug Load Reduction & Controls
 Renewable Energy Technologies (Wind, Solar,
Solar Thermal
 Operational Schedules/Temperature Setpoints
 Tenant Engagement Plan/Education
ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES (ECMs)
PASSIVE STRATAGIES
OPERATIONAL
STRATAGIES
ACTIVE STRATAGIES

BENEFITS OF ENERGY MODELING
 Enabling Design: Energy modeling
enables design teams to focus their
time effectively.
 New Expertise: The additional
technical expertise associated with
energy modeling makes the
involvement of the architect more
valuable throughout the project.
 Increased Referrals: Can result in
higher client and project team
satisfaction—and future referrals.
FOR THE ARCHITECT

 Reduced First Cost through Right-
Sizing
 Reduced Operating Costs
 Reduced Maintenance Costs
 Greater Predictability of Operating and
Maintenance Costs
 Guidance for the Structuring of Real
Estate Agreements
 Incentives
 Increased Asset Value
FOR THE OWNER

 Enhanced Comfort for Occupants
 Higher Occupant Satisfaction:
Assessment of thermal comfort,
daylight penetration, glare-control, etc.,
alongside energy performance can
lead to a space that is more
productive, vibrant, and satisfying to
the occupant.
 Improved Environmental
Performance
FOR THE BUILDING OCCUPANTS

INTERACTIVE ENERGY
MODEL SIMULATION

AIA 2030 BASELINE
 A standard reference building (based on usage type) defined by the
National Median EUI. See…..
 ENERGY STAR Target Finder - This data is based on regional
medians and will typically be more accurate than national averages.
 National Average – typically for use types not available in ENERGY
STAR Target Finder
 Create Your Own – requires 2000 IECC baseline inputs for
envelope, HVAC, and system type

OFFICE BUILDING
ENERGY STAR EXAMPLE

2003 CBECS DATABASE
AIA DDX NATIONAL
AVERAGE EXAMPLE

ENERGY CODE BASELINE
IECC/ASHRAE SECTION C202
GENERAL DEFINITIONS - STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN.
A version of the proposed design that meets the minimum requirements
of this code and is used to determine the maximum annual energy use
requirement for compliance based on total building performance.

ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
(DESIGN ALTERNATIVES)
 ECM1:Wall R-13 batt + 3.80 continuous insulation
 ECM2: High Performance Windows U-0.368/SHGC-0.284
 ECM3: 10% LPD Reduction (Interior)
 ECM4: 15% LPD Reduction (Interior)
 ECM5: 30% LPD Reduction (Garage)
 ECM6: Roof R-38 continuous insulation
 ECM7: Sorbent Air Cleaning Filter System
 ECM8: Solar Thermal Hot Water Heating - requires 1,950 SF of roof area (4% of total
area) producing approx. 81,000 kWh/yr
 ECM9: Solar PV - requires 5,100 SF of roof area (11% of total area) producing
approx. 111,500 kWh/yr
 Net Zero: Solar PV - requires 23,000 SF of roof area (46% of total area) producing
approx. 433,800 kWh/yr

ENERGY PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
Design
Case
Baseline EEM1 EEM2 EEM3 EEM4 EEM5 EEM6 EEM7 EEM8 EEM9
EnergyUse(kWh)
Energy Conservation Measures
COMPARATIVE ENERGY END-USE
Stand-alone Base Utilities
Receptacles - Unconditioned
Receptacles - Conditioned
Fans - Conditioned
Heat Rejection
Pumps
Space Cooling
Space Heating (Gas)
Space Heating (Electric)
Lighting - Unconditioned
Lighting - Conditioned

ANNUAL ENERGY & COST SAVINGS
Design
Case
Baseline
(2015
IECC)
Wall R-
13+3.8 c.i.
HP
Windows
Solarban
70XL
15% LPD
Reduction
(Interior)
20% LPD
Reduction
(Interior)
30% LPD
Reduction
(Garage)
Roof R-38
c.i.
Sorbent
Air
Filtration
Solar
Thermal
HW
Heating
Solar PV
kWh
625,438 702,555 626,874 625,174 603,463 596,226 553,887 549,463 513,219 433,874 322,300
Annual
Cost
$56,289 $63,229 $56,418 $56,265 $54,311 $53,660 $49,849 $49,451 $46,189 $39,048 $29,007
EUI 26.7 30.0 26.7 26.7 25.7 25.4 23.6 23.4 21.9 18.5 13.8
Energy
Code %
Reduction
11% - 11% 11% 14% 15% 21% 22% 27% 38% 38%
AIA %
Reduction
42% - 42% 42% 44% 45% 49% 49% 52% 60% 70%

GLASS OPTIONS COMPARISON
Solarban 70XL(2) OptiGray + Clear
U-0.28, SHGC-0.24 and VLT 47%
Solarban 70XL(2) SolarGray + Clear
U-0.28, SHGC-0.20 and VLT 34%
OptiGray + Solarban 70XL (3) Starphine
U-0.28, SHGC-0.29 and VLT 45%
Solar Gray + Solarban 70XL (3)
U-0.28, SHGC-0.24 and VLT 32%

PROPOSED DESIGN WINDOW DATA
 Nearly 100% of the glazed areas have overhangs with a projection factor >
0.2
 The majority of glazing is curtainwall or storefront with aluminum-framed
windows
 Total Window-to-Wall Ratio is approx. 15.8%
 Approx. 17% of total building glazing is worship clearstory
Orientation Area (SF)
Northeast 0
Southwest 3,265
Southeast 1,060
Northwest 2,615
Total 6,940

AUSTIN ENERGY UTILITY REBATES
 You are an Austin Energy commercial customer.
 You must comply with the Energy Conservation Audit and Disclosure
(ECAD) ordinance if your business is located within the Austin city limits.
(not applicable)
 You operate at least four consecutive hours daily between 2:00 p.m. and
8:00 p.m. weekdays, June 1 through September 30. – confirm with ARBC
Facility Manager
 TOTAL PROJECT POTENTIAL REBATE – $113,000
 TOTAL PROJECT POTENTIAL REBATE (prior to Sept. 30th ) – $147,000

Energy modeling 101 (public)

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