Downloaded 52 times
Uploaded byOmar Zepeda
English review conjuntions
The document discusses different types of conjunctions that connect words, phrases, and clauses. It describes coordinating conjunctions like and, or, but, yet, for, and so. Correlative conjunctions like both...and, not only...but also are also discussed. Subordinating conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses and show time, causal, conditional, and other relationships. Conjunctive adverbs can indicate time or emphasize facts between independent clauses.
More Related Content
Similar to English review conjuntions
English review conjuntions
- 1.
- 2. Conjunctions A conjunction is a word that connects Each conjunction defines a specific relationship between the parts it connects. phrases words clauses
- 3. A coordinating conjunctionjoins sentence parts that have the same grammatical form. COORDINATING
- 4. a) And indicatessimilarity. The skirt and blouse are yellow. Sally was singing and dancing. David worked slowly and carefully. The skirt is yellow. The blouse is yellow, Sally was singing. Sally was dancing. David worked slowly. David worked carefully.
- 5. b) Or indicatesa necessary choice I want an apple or an orange. She is from Chicago or New York. I want only one piece of fruit. She is from one of these cities.
- 6. c) But indicatesdifference Jane went to the movies, but I didn’t (go). I like oranges, but not grapefruit. I like oranges, but he likes grapefruit. David worked slowly, but not carefully. Jane went to the movies. I didn't go to the movies. I like oranges. I don’t like grapefruit. I like oranges. He likes grapefruit. David worked slowly. David did not work carefully. Note: Use a comma before but:
- 7. d) Yet indicatesdifference that is not logical Jane was tired, yet happy. I dieted, yet lost no weight. David worked hard, yet he didn’t receive payment. Jane was tired. Jane was happy. I dieted. I didn’t lose weight. David worked hard. David did not receive payment. Note: Use a comma before yet:
- 8. e) For connectsa fact with its cause Mary went home, for she was sick. I am sure Bob was there, for I saw him. They are late, for they got lost. Mary went home, (fact) Mary was sick, (reason) I am sure Bob was there, (fact) I saw him. (reason) They are late, (fact) They got lost, (reason) Note: Use a comma before for:
- 9. f) So indicatesa result Mary was sick, so she went home. They got lost, so they were late. Mary was sick, (fact) Mary went home, (result) They got lost, (fact) They were late, (result) Note: Use a comma before so:
- 10.
- 11. a) A coordinatingconjunction can join two independent clauses to make one sentence EXAMPLES John is my brother, and Mary is my sister. I sold my house yesterday, but I didn’t sell my car.
- 12. b) Use too,so, either, and neither with coordinating conjunctions for emphasis 1) To join two affirmative clauses, use: and + subject + verb + too or and so + verb + subject. John is tall. Bob is tall. John is tall, and Bob is too. Mary is singing. Carol is singing. Mary is singing, and Carol is too. Ted drives to work. Joe drives to work. Ted drives to work, and Joe does too. or John is tall, and so is Bob. Mary is singing, and so is Carol. Ted drives to work, and so does Joe.
- 13. b) Use too,so, either, and neither with coordinating conjunctions for emphasis 2) To join two negative clauses, use: and + subject + verb or and neither + verb + subject + not either + subject John isn’t tall. I am not tall. John isn’t tall, and I’m not either. Mary isn’t singing. Carol isn’t singing. Mary isn’t singing, and Carol isn’t either. Ted didn’t drive to work. Joe didn’t drive to work. Ted didn’t drive to work, and Joe didn’t either. or John isn’t tall, and neither am I. Mary isn’t singing, and neither is Carol. Ted didn’t drive to won and neither did Joe.
- 14. b) Use too,so, either, and neither with coordinating conjunctions for emphasis 3)To join one affirmative clause and one negative clause, use: but + subject + be or auxiliary very + not Mary is short. Donna isn’t short. Mary is short, but Donna isn’t. He lives here. I don’t live here. He lives here, but I don’t. Carol was singing. Joe wasn’t singing. Carol was singing, but Joe wasn’t. Joe drove to work. Ted didn’t drive to work. Joe drove to work, but Ted didn’t.
- 15. b) Use too,so, either, and neither with coordinating conjunctions for emphasis 4) To join one negative clause and one affirmative clause, use: but + subject + be or auxiliary verb Donna isn’t short. Mary is short. Donna isn’t short, but Mary is. I don’t live here. He lives here. I don’t live here, but he does. Joe wasn’t singing. Carol was singing. Joe wasn’t singing, but Carol was. Ted didn’t drive to work. Joe drove to work. Ted didn’t drive to work, but Joe did.
- 16. Are pairs ofconjuntions. The firts conjuntions emphasizes the meaning of the second. CORRELATIVE CONJUNTIONS
- 17. a) Both …and emphasizes the equality of two items: EXAMPLES She wants both ice cream and cake.
- 18. b) not only...butalso emphasizes the equal importance of the second item: EXAMPLES She wants not only ice cream, but also cake.
- 19. c) either.. oremphasizes the need to choose only one item: EXAMPLES She wants either ice cream or cake.
- 20. d) Neither...nor emphasizesthat both items are negative: EXAMPLES She wants neither ice cream nor cake.
- 21. e) Whether...or notemphasizes that the first item is more important than the second: EXAMPLES She will eat ice cream whether or not she eats cake, or She will eat ice cream whether she eats cake or not.
- 22. Begins a subordinateclause and shows its relationship with the main clause.. SUBORDINATING CONJUNTIONS
- 23. a) Time relationships before earlier action after later action until a limited time of action when a specific time of action while action at the same time
- 24. a) Time relationships The subordinate clause can come first, followed by a comma: Before we went home, we washed the dishes. After I went to bed, I fell asleep. Until he gets here, I am going to stay. When he gets here, I am going to leave. While she sleeps, he watches the baby. The main clause can come first, and there is no comma: We washed the dishes before we went home. I fell asleep after I went to bed. I am going to stay until he gets here. I am going to leave when he gets here. He watches the baby while she sleeps.
- 25. b) Causal relationships . as a reason for action because a reason for action since a reason for action As you are here, we can start the party. Since you are here, we can start the party. Because you are here, we can start the party. We can start the party as you are here, (awkward We can start the party since you are here. We can start the party because you are here.
- 26. c) Resulting relationships: . so that to make action possible So that she can read, she wears glasses. She wears glasses so that she can read.
- 27. d) Conditional relationships: . if action dependent on other action unless required action to avoid negative action whether (or not) action on any condition If you come early, I will dance with you. Unless you come early, I won’t dance with you. Whether you come early or not, I won’t dance with you. I will dance with you if you come early. I won’t dance with you unless you come early. I won’t dance with you whether or not you come early.
- 28. e) Unexpected relationships: . though an illogical fact although an illogical fact even though an illogical fact Though he was afraid, he didn’t cry. Although he was afraid, he didn’t cry. Even though he was afraid, he didn’t cry. He didn’t cry though he was afraid. He didn’t cry although he was afraid. He didn’t cry even though he was afraid.
- 29. e) Other relationships: where a specific place as if in an untrue manner rather than preferable action that a fact whether unknown information W. here you live, there is a lot of traffic. As if they weren’t scared, they got on the plane. Rather than upset her mother, she stayed home. That she is a genius is certain. Whether he went to work I don’t know, (awkward) There is a lot of traffic where you live. They got on the plane as if they weren’t scared. She stayed home rather than upset her mother. It is certain that she is a genius. I don’t know whether he went to work.
- 30. Are transition wordsthat define the relationship between independent clauses. CONJUNTIVE ADVERBS
- 31. Conjuntive adverbs Theymay begin a new sentence, and are followed by a comma. They may follow a semicolon, and are followed by a comma
- 32. Time relationships Aconjunctive adverb can indicate a time relationship: meanwhile at the same time then after that next after that subsequently after that finally last in order
- 33. Time relationships Hefell asleep on the couch. Meanwhile, she continued to read. He fell asleep on the couch; meanwhile, she continued to read. She finished her magazine. Then she went into the kitchen. She finished her magazine; then she went into the kitchen. She finished her magazine. Next, she went into the kitchen. She finished her magazine; next, she went into the kitchen. She finished her magazine. Subsequently, she went into the kitchen. She finished her magazine; subsequently, she went r the kitchen. She ate a sandwich. Finally, she went to bed. She ate a sandwich; finally, she went to bed.
- 34. Emphasizing a Fact A conjunctive adverb can emphasize a fact: indeed emphasizes the truth of a statement that is defines a statement in other words likewise gives reinforcing information similarly gives reinforcing information accordingly gives reinforcing information specifically introduces one or more examples for example introduces one or more examples
- 35. Emphasizing a Fact He even lets me use his car. Indeed, he is a wonderful brother. He even lets me use his car; indeed, he is a wonderful brother. Of course, I am willing to help him, too. That is, I am there when he needs me. Of course, I am willing to help him, too; that is, I am there when he needs me. He laughs when I laugh. Likewise, he cries when I cry. He laughs when I laugh; likewise, he cries when I cry. He laughs when I laugh. Similarly, he cries when I cry. He laughs when I laugh; similarly, he cries when I cry. He is there when I need him. Accordingly, he doesn’t complain when I borrow money. He is there when I need him; accordingly, he doesn’t complain when I borrow money. Sometimes I do nice things for him. Specifically, I wash his car on weekends, and I fill it up with gas. Sometimes I do nice things for him; specifically, I wash his car on weekends, and I fill it up with gas. Sometimes I do nice things for him. For example, I wash his car on weekends, and I fill it up with gas. Sometimes I do nice things for him; for example, I wash his car on weekends, and I fill it up with gas.
- 36. Emphasizing a Fact A conjunctive adverb can introduce additional positive information: also additionally besides similarly furthermore plus
- 37. Emphasizing a Fact He is my brother. Also, he is my best friend. He is my brother; also, he is my best friend. He is my brother. Besides, he is my best friend. He is my brother; besides, he is my best friend. He is my brother. Furthermore, he is my best friend. He is my brother; furthermore, he is my best friend.
- 38. The Consequence ofa Statement A conjunctive adverb can tell the consequence of a statement: consequently indicates a result therefore indicates a result thus indicates a result
- 39. The Consequence ofa Statement I wasn’t having fun. Consequently, I went home. I wasn’t having fun; consequently, I went home. She ate too many cookies. Therefore, she got a stom-achache. She ate too many cookies; therefore, she got a stom-achache. All his relatives moved to another place. Thus, he is alone here. All his relatives moved to another place; thus, he is alone here. Anyway indicates an illogical consequence. It is placed at the end of the sentence: She didn’t eat many cookies. She got a stomachache anyway.
- 40. Opposite Information Aconjunctive adverb can introduce opposite information: however introduces contrasting information conversely introduces contrasting information Still indicates unexpected information nevertheless indicates unexpected information instead suggests alternative action otherwise suggests alternative action
- 41. Opposite Information Hehas little formal education; however, he is a wise man. He has little formal education; conversely, he is an exper in his field. He has little formal education; still, he is considered an intellectual. He has little formal education; nevertheless, he is considered an intellectual. He didn’t go to college; instead, he learned by reading. He will be promoted this year; otherwise, he will move to another company.