English Study and History of the English Lanaguage
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The document discusses English studies as an academic discipline, encompassing literature, linguistics, and sociolinguistics within the English language. It details the historical development of the English language from Old English through Middle and Modern English, highlighting the influences of various invaders and the evolution of vocabulary. Additionally, it addresses the emergence of distinct English varieties, particularly American English, and the ongoing influence of global cultures on the language.
English Study and History of the English Lanaguage
- 1. English Study You’re a Wow! Th ank smart you…! I o l ve student… learning English ! By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui. Taken from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- 2. English Study English Studies is an academic discipline that includes the study of: What is the literatures written in the English language, English English linguistics, and Studies? . English sociolinguistics. By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 3. English Study What do literature from the UK, literatures the USA, Ireland, written in Canada, Australia, New the English Zealand, Hong Kong, the language Philippines, India, South include? Africa, and the Middle East, among other areas. By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 4. English Study Ho w a b o phonetics, ut phonology, English syntax, linguistic s? morphology, semantics, pragmatics, corpus linguistics, and stylistics. By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui.
- 5. English Studiy … Discourse analysis of written and And En spoken texts, sociolin glish the history of guistic the English s? language, English language learning and teaching, and The study of World Englishes By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui.
- 6. English Study More broadly, English studies explores the What does production and analysis of academic texts created in English (or departments in areas of the world in of English which English is a common include? mode of communication). It is not uncommon for academic departments of "English" or "English Studies“. By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 7. English Study "English St udies" inc u of the En l des scho glish lang a lars literature, u ge, journalis linguistics m, the phi , law, language losophy of commun , publishin ication stu g, communica dies, techni That’s tion, folklo cal studies, cr re, cultura interesting. eative wri i l theory, t t ng, critic heatre, et al electroni hni c publishing c studies, rhetoric , film stud and philol ies, and variou ogy/etym s courses i ology, arts and h n the liber umanities al , among others. By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 8. What is English? Of cour se, It re with t he arr v ally started Germa i al of nic tri three Angle s, the bes: the Do you the Jut Saxons know about es, wh a nd Britain o invad history of centur during the 5 ed English y AD ( th Anno D om i n i ). language? By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 9. History of English language. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 10. History of English language. How did They crossed they the North Sea invade from what Britain? today is Denmark and northern Germany (see the map below) By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui.
- 11. Germanic invaders entered Britain on the east and south coasts in the 5th century Teacher Nerio Burga
- 12. History of English language. At tha t time inhabi the What tants o language Britain f Celtic spoke a did the l ang u British a ge . speak at the time? By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 13. History of English language. Most o f t he What speake Celtic happened rs we pushed re with the north west a by the nd Celtic - ma i n invad speakers? ly into ers now W w ha t i ales, S s cotlan and Ire d land. By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 14. Let’s see at the map! Teacher Nerio Burga
- 15. History of English language. The hi story s Angle aid Th s c a me e Englala from And … How nd and langua did English ge wa their Englis s calle language c - from d appear? the wo which rds En and En gland glish derive are d. By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 16. History of English language. I do. Would yo u like Old English. to explain Middle more ab English. out the Histo Modern ry of English: English languag Pearl e? Modern English - Late Modern Let’s talk English . about old Interesting! English. By Nerio Burga Sagástgeui.
- 17. Old English (450-1100 AD) The invading Germanic tribes languages spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English Oh! today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 18. Old English (450-1100 AD) Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The Wonderful! words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100. See an example of old English! Teacher Nerio Burga great
- 19. Part of Beowulf, a poem written in Old English Teacher Nerio Burga
- 20. Middle English (1100-1500) In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 21. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 22. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today. An example of Middle English by Chaucer. Nerio Burga Teacher
- 23. MODERN ENGLISH EARLY MODERN ENGLISH (1500-1800) • From the 16th century the British had contact with many people from around the world. • This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 24. • Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardization to English. • Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard. • In 1604 the first English dictionary was published Teacher Nerio Burga
- 25. Late Modern English (1800- Present) • The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. • Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: • Firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; • Secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 27. • At this time, the vocabulary of Old English consisted of an Anglo Saxon base with borrowed words from the Scandinavian languages (Danish and Norse) and Latin. Latin gave English words like street, kitchen, kettle, cup, cheese, wine, angel, bishop, martyr, candle. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 28. The Vikings added many Norse words: sky, egg, cake, skin, leg, window (wind, eye), husband, fellow, skill, anger, flat, odd, ugly, get, give, take, raise, call, die, they, their, them. Celtic words also survived mainly in place and river names (Devon, Dover, Kent, Trent, Severn, Avon, Thames). Teacher Nerio Burga
- 29. Many pairs of English and Norse words coexisted giving us two words with the same or slightly differing meanings. Examples below. Norse English • Anger • wrath • Nay • no • Fro • from • ill • sick • skirt • shirt Teacher Nerio Burga
- 30. In 1066 the Normans conquered Britain. French became the language of the Norman aristocracy and added more vocabulary to English. FRENCH • ENGLISH • Close • shut • Odour • smell • Annual • yearly • Chamber • room Teacher Nerio Burga
- 31. Hamlet's famous "To be, or not to be" lines, written in Early Modern English by Shakespeare. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 32. Varieties of English From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words "froze" when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 33. Spanish also had an influence on American English (and subsequently British English), with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English). Teacher Nerio Burga
- 34. Some expressions that the British call "Americanisms" are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Teacher Nerio Burga
- 35. Varieties of English Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA's dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (including the Internet). But there are many other varieties of English around the world, including for example Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 36. The Germanic Family of Languages English is a member of the Germanic family of languages. Germanic is a branch of the Indo-European language family. Teacher Nerio Burga
- 37. A brief chronology of English: A brief chronology of English.doc Teacher Nerio Burga
- 38. Taken from www.englishclub.com Teacher Nerio Burga