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Entomology Spotters
- 1. Spotters Dr Jayaramachandran S AssistantProfessor Community Medicine 10 marks
- 2. Spotters 1. Nutrition 2. Entomology 3.Immunization 4. Environment 5. Contraception 6. Others 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 2
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- 4. Vectors of PublicHealth Importance Class Insecta Mosquitoes Flies Human lice Fleas Reduviid bugs Arachnida Ticks Hard Tick Soft Tick Mites Leptotrobidium Trombiculid mite Itch mite Crustacea Cyclops
- 5. Vectors of PublicHealth Importance Mosquito • Anopheles • Aedes • Culex Flies • House flies • Sand flies • Tsetse flies • Black flies Human lice • Head & body lice • Crab lies Fleas • Rat fleas • Sand fleas Reduviid bugs
- 6. Vectors of PublicHealth Importance Ticks Hard tick Soft tick Mites Leptotrobidium & Trombiculid mite Itch mite
- 7. How do youdifferentiate them? Insecta Arachnida Crustasea Body division Head, neck, thorax, abdomen Cephalothorax , abdomen (no division) in some cases Cephalothorax, abdomen Legs 3 pairs 4 pairs 5 pairs Antennae 1 pair None 2 pairs Wings 1 or 2 pairs, some are wingless None None Where found On land On land On water
- 8. Arthropod borne diseases ArthropodDiseases transmitted Mosquito Malaria Filariasis Viral encephalitis (eg: JE) Viral fevers (eg: Dengue) West nile fever Viral haemorrhagic fevers (eg: yellow fever, DHF)
- 9. Arthropod borne diseases ArthropodDiseases transmitted House fly Typhoid & paratyphoid fevers Diarrhoea dysentery Cholera Gastro enteritis Amoebiasis
- 10. Arthropod borne diseases ArthropodDiseases transmitted House fly Helminthic infestations Poliomyelitis Conjunctivitis Trachoma Anthrax Yaws
- 11. Arthropod borne diseases ArthropodDiseases transmitted Sand fly Kala – azar Oriental sore Sandfly fever Oraya fever Tsetse fly Sleeping sickness Louse Epidemic typhus Relapsing fever Trench fever Pediclulosis
- 12. Arthropod borne diseases ArthropodDiseases transmitted Rat flea Bubonic plague Endemic typhus Chiggerosis Hymenolepis diminuta Black fly Onchocerciasis Reduviid bug Chagas disease
- 13. Arthropod borne diseases ArthropodDiseases transmitted Hard tick Tick typhus Viral encephalitis Viral fever (Papatasi fever) viral haemorrhagic fevers (eg. Kyasanur Forest Disease) Tularemia Tick paralysis Human babesiosis Soft tick Q fever, Relapsing fever
- 14. Arthropod borne diseases ArthropodDiseases transmitted Trombiculid mite Scrub typhus Rickettsial-pox Itch mite Scabies Cyclops Guniea Worm Disease, Fish tapeworm (D. latus) Cockroaches Enteric pathogens
- 15. Mode of Transmission •Direct contact – man to man (close contact) • Mechanical – Agent transmitted mechanically • Biological – Disease agent either multiply or undergoes some developmental change
- 16. Biological Transmission • Propagative– Multiplies in the body of vector no cyclical change (Plague) • Cyclo - propagative – Undergoes cyclical change & multiplies (Malaria) • Cyclo - developmental – Undergoes cyclical change but no multiplication (Filariasis)
- 17. Terminologies Vector: • An arthropodor other invertebrate which transmits infection by inoculation through the skin or mucous membrane by biting or by deposit of infective materials on the skin or on food or other objects. Extrinsic incubation period: • The period of time necessary fir the development of the disease agent in the arthropod host.|
- 18. Terminologies Definitive host • Thehost in which the sexual cycle of the agent occurs Indeterminate host • The host in which the asexual cycle of the agent occurs Infestation • The lodgement, development and reproduction of arthropod on the surface of the body or in the clothing
- 19. Habits of mosquitoes •Feeding habits • Females are haematophagous (for development of eggs), Anthrophilic , Zoophilic or both • Time of biting • Evening or early night or Day biters
- 20. Habits of mosquitoes •Resting habits • Endophilic – Dark corners, Upper wall, behind pictures, under furnitures • Exophilic – Vegetation, shrubs, tree holes, cattle sheds , wells
- 21. Habits of mosquitoes •Breeding habits • Anopheles – Clean water • Culex – Dirty & polluted water • Aedes – Artificially collected water • Mansonia – Water containing aquatic vegetation
- 22. Habits of mosquitoes •Dispersal – Range of flight 11 km • Life span – 8 – 34
- 23. Anopheles mosquito • Usuallybreeds in fresh, unpolluted and oxygenated water. • An. subpictus breeds in polluted water. • It lays 150 eggs once in 3 days. • Its life span is up to 2-3 weeks. • Identification: • It has spotted wings.
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- 25. Culex mosquito • Lightbrown in colour. • Body segments having white bands but none on the legs. • It breeds in polluted water. • Common breeding sites: • wet pit latrines, septic tanks, burrow pits, cess pools, drains, disused wells and paddy fields.
- 26. Culex mosquito • Bitesmaximum during mid night. • Host: wild birds, cows, horses and man. • These are weak fliers it can fly up to 2 miles. • A single female can lay over 200 eggs at a time. • These eggs can survive for more than five years. • Wings are unspotted. • The life span is 8 to 34 days.
- 27. Aedes mosquito • Thethorax and abdomen of the mosquitoes having black, white or silvery scales. So it is also called as Indian Tiger mosquito. • The legs having black and white rings. • It is a day biting mosquito.
- 28. Integrated Vector Control Mosquitocontrol measures Anti larval Environmental Chemical Biological Anti-adult Residual spray Space spray Genetic control Protection against bite Net Screening Repellents Mineral oil Crude oil ,MLO Paris green Cu acetoarsenite , stomach poison Synthetic insecticides Fenthion , Malathion, Chlorpyrifos & Abate Larvivorous Fishes - Gambusia affinis Lebister reticulatus Burrow pits, sewage oxidation pond, cisterns, farm ponds Source reduction Elimination of breeding places Filling , leveling & drainage of breeding places Changing salinity of water Depends upon breeding habits of mosquito Pyrethrum extract Nerve poison For Ultra volume fogging Malathion & Phentrothion Research phase Sterile male technique, Chromosomal translocation, Sex destortion, Gene replacement DDT Lindane Malathion Propoxur 16 meshes to 1 inch 0.0475 inch size Diethyltoluamide Indalone Dimethyl phthalate Dimethyl carbate Ethyl hexanediol Mosquito nets 0.475 inch size hole 150 holes per 1 sq. inch
- 29. Mosquito borne diseasesin India S.No Type of mosquito Disease 1. Anopheles Malaria, Filaria (Not in India) 2. Culex Bancroftian filariasis, JE, West nile fever, Viral arthritis 3. Aedes Yellow fever, Filaria (Not in India) Dengue, DHF, Chikungunya fever, Chikungunya HF, Rift valley fever 4. Mansonoides Malayan (Brugian) filariasis, Chikungunya fever
- 30. Disease Vector Causalorganism Reservoir Malaria Anopheles Plasmodium sp. Man Filaria Anopheles Micro filaria Man Wuchereria bancrofti : Africa, Southern Asia, New guinea Brugia malayi : Southern Asia Brancroftian Filariasis Culex quinquefasciatus Wuchereria bancrofti Man Westnile virus Culex quinquefasciatus West nile virus Birds (amplifying host) Japnese encephalitis Culex tritaeniorhynchus Japanese encephalitis virus Domestic pigs, wild birds Viral arthritis Virus
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- 32. Culex / Anopheles(Adult)
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- 35. Anophelini Culicini Eggs 1) Laidsingly 2) Boat shaped with lateral floats 1) Clusters or rafts 2) Oval shaped & without lateral floats Larvae 1) Rest parallel to water surface 2) Siphon tube absent 1) Head down, angle to water surface 2) Siphon tube absent Pupae ST : Broad & Short ST : Long & Narrow Adults 1) At rest, inclined to surface. 2) Spotted wings 3) Palpi : Long in both sexes 1) At rest, Hunch back 2) Unspotted wings 3) Palpi : Short in females Difference b/n
- 36. List of entomologyspotters 1. Anopheles mosquito – adult female 2. Culex mosquito – adult female 3. Aedes mosquito adult female 4. Anopheles (eggs) 5. Anopheles (pupa) 6. Head Louse / Pediculus capitis Female 7. Hard Tick 8. Sandfly (F) 9. Ascaris eggs 10. Cyclops 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 36
- 37. List of entomologyspotters 11. Ascaris lumbricoides 12. Hookworm 13. Culex Life History 14. Housefly Life history 15. Head louse 16. Ancylostoma 17. Taenia with scolex 18. Ascaris - Male 19. Ascaris - Female 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 37
- 38. Entomology spotter questions 1.Identify the specimen in the slide 2. Write the identification points. 3. Write the public health importance 4. Write the control measures.
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- 40. Female Anopheles mosquito(Adult)
- 41. 1. Anopheles mosquito– adult female 1. Identify giving reasons • Female Anopheles mosquito; mosquito with spotted wings , antennae are not bushy 2. Mention any two species • An. culicifacies, An.stephensi, An.fluviatilis, An.minimus, An.Phillipinensis, An.sundaicus 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 41
- 42. Female Culex mosquito(Adult)
- 43. 2. Culex mosquito- adult female 1. Identify giving reasons • Culex mosquito female; mosquitoes with unspotted wings; palpi short in female, Antennae are not bushy 2. Name two disease spread by it • Bancrofitian filariasis ; Japanese encephalitis; west Nile fever 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 43
- 44. Female Aedes mosquito(Adult)
- 45. 3. Aedes mosquito– Adult Female 1. Identify giving reasons • Female Aedes mosquito; mosquitoes with white stripes on a black body with unspotted wings 2. Mention two viral diseases spread by it • Dengue, Chikungunya fever, Yellow fever, Filariasis, Rift valley fever. 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 45
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- 47. 4. Anopheles (eggs)(slide) 1. Identify giving reasons. • Anopheles eggs; Boat shaped, lateral floats 2. Name 2 diseases spread by its adult form. • Malaria, Filaria (not in India)
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- 49. 5. Anopheles (pupa) 1.Identify giving reasons. • Anopheles pupa; Comma shaped, large eyes, short breathing trumpets with wide openings 2. Name 2 diseases spread by its adult form. • Malaria, Filaria (not in India)
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- 51. 6. Head louse/ Pediculus capitis Female 1. Identify giving reasons • Head louse; Insect with body flattened dorsoventrally and five jointed antennae; legs with claws 2. Mention any one form of treatment • 0.5% malathion lotion applied to the head 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 51
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- 53. 7. Hard Tick 1.Identify giving reasons • Hard tick; oval shaped arthropod, with 4 pairs of legs and no antennae; dorsal surface covered with scutum 2. Mention two diseases spread by this • Kyasanus forest disease (India), Rocky mountain spotted fever, Russian spring-summer encephalitis, colarado tick fever, tularemia, tick paralysis, human babesiosis. 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 53
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- 55. 8. Sandfly 1. Identifygiving reasons • Sandfly; small insect with body and wings densely clothed with hair; wings are lanceolate in shape. 2. Name a disease spread by it • Kala azar, sandfly fever, oriental sore. 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 55
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- 57. 9. Ascaris eggs 1.Identify. • Round worm or Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. 2. Mention the portal of entry into human being. • By ingestion of infective eggs with contaminated food & water.
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- 59. 10. Cyclops 1. Identifygiving reasons • Pear shaped arthropod with 2 pairs of antennae, 5 pairs of legs, a small eye and a forked tail 2. Mention the diseases spread by it • Guinea worm disease (Dracunculiasis)& Fish Tapeworm 3. Name the chemical used to kill it • Tempos (Abate) at a concentration of 1 ppm. 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 59
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- 61. 11. Ascaris lumbricoides 1.Identify the worm • Round worm or Ascaris lumbricoides 2. Mention the portal of entry into human being • By ingestion of infective eggs with contaminated food & water 22-Jul-17 SPOTTERS 61
- 62. Ancylostoma duodenale / Hookwormadult (slide)
- 63. 12. Ancylostoma duodenale/ Hookworm adult (slide) 1. Identify. • Ancylostoma / Hookworm. 2. How the larva enters in a human host? • Through skin.
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- 66. 13. Culex LifeHistory 1. Identify the specimen. • Life history of Culex mosquito. 2. Mention the breeding places for it. • Dirty and polluted water collections e.g. open drains, cesspools, leaking septic tanks etc.
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- 68. Housefly Life history 1.Identify the specimen. • Life history of housefly. 2. Name any 2 diseases transmitted by this vector. • Cholera, Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Typhoid, Paratyphoid, Amoebiasis, Anthrax, Polio, Trachoma (any 2)
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- 70. Head louse 1. Identifythe specimen. • Head louse 2. Mention any 2 diseases transmitted by it. • Epidemic typhus, Relapsing fever, Trench Fever, Dermatitis
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- 72. Ancylostoma 1. Identify. • Ancylostoma/ Hookworm. 2. How the larva enters in a human host? • Through skin.
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- 74. Taenia with scolex 1.Identify the specimen. • Taenia with scolex 2. Mention the 2 food items in which this parasite may be present. • Undercooked or uncooked / raw pork and beef
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- 76. Ascaris (male) 1. Identifythe specimen. • Asacris male 2. Mention the route of transmission. • Faeco-oral route
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- 78. Ascaris (Female) 1. Identifythe specimen • Asacris female 2. Mention the route of transmission. • Faeco-oral route
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