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Environmental Health_ Climate_Global WARMING.pdf
Climate and Weather Changes, Health Issues, and the Impact of Global Warming on Human Health** Climate change is no longer a distant threat. It is a present-day reality, influencing our air, water, food, ecosystems, and the overall conditions that support human life. Health systems across the world are increasingly challenged by climate-related illnesses, emergencies, and long-term changes in disease patterns. In this lecture, we will explore: 1. **Difference between climate and weather** 2. **Drivers of climate change** 3. **Major environmental consequences** 4. **Health risks associated with global warming** 5. **Vulnerable populations** 6. **Global action, adaptation, and mitigation strategies** # **1. Climate vs Weather** ### **Weather** * Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions. * It includes day-to-day temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind, storms. Examples: * "It is raining today." * "Tomorrow will be hot and humid." ### **Climate** * Climate is the long-term average of weather patterns over decades. * Usually measured over 30 years. Examples: * “Pakistan has hot summers and mild winters.” * “The Arabian Gulf has a desert climate.” ### Key distinction: * Weather changes **every day**. * Climate changes **over years and centuries**. Understanding this difference is crucial because global warming refers to **long-term climate shifts**, not daily weather changes. --- # **2. Causes of Climate Change** Climate change is driven by a combination of natural and human factors, but current rapid changes are mainly **anthropogenic**—caused by humans. ### A. Natural causes * Volcanic eruptions * Solar radiation variations * Ocean circulation changes * Earth's orbital variations (Milankovitch cycles) These natural factors occur gradually, but do not explain the current *rapid* warming. ### B. Human-induced causes (Anthropogenic) 1. **Burning of fossil fuels** * Coal, oil, gas used for electricity, transportation, industries * Releases CO₂, methane, nitrous oxides 2. **Deforestation** * Trees absorb CO₂ * Loss of forests results in increased carbon levels 3. **Industrial processes** * Cement production * Mining * Chemical industries 4. **Agriculture** * Methane production from livestock * Rice paddies * Fertilizer use releasing nitrous oxide 5. **Urbanization** * Heat island effect * More energy consumption
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Environmental Health_ Climate_Global WARMING.pdf
- 1. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CIMATE &WEATHER GLOBAL WARMING
- 5. CLIMATE: A changein atmospheric parameters (e.g., average yearly temperature) over a moderately long period (e.g., decades) that is either regional (e.g., Northern area of Pakistan, southern Sindh) or global.
- 47.