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Similar to Ethics in finance and accounting With examples
Ethics in finance and accounting With examples
- 2. Ethics is basedon well founded standards of rights and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do , usually in terms of rights , obligations , benefits to society , fairness , or specific virtues .
- 3. Ethics in generalis concerned with human behavior that is acceptable or “right” and that is not acceptable or “wrong” based on conventional morality. General ethical norms encompass truthfulness, honesty, integrity, respect for others, fairness, and justice. They relate to all aspects of life, including business and finance.
- 4. Accounting is abusiness field in which accuracy and interpretation are both very important . Small discrepancies can displace large sums of money , especially in large companies. Ethics is the practice of behavior that does not allow for intentionally inaccurate or false accounting practices. This pertains not only to following the law , but also to interpreting financial data or clearly and honestly as possible in all situations.
- 5. In Finance Compliancewith applicable law, rules and regulation Full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that the company files with, or submits to , governmental agencies. Achieving responsible use of and control over all assets of the company . In accounting By joining their professional organizations , people who work in the field of accounting agree to uphold the high ethical standards of their profession These codes are positively stated and provide general guidelines that professional accountant should strive to follow These ethical code call for their members to maintain a level of self – discipline that goes beyond the requirements of laws and regulations
- 6. Fraud A fraud isa dishonest act by an employee that result in personal benefit to the employee at a cost to the employer example = a bookkeeper in small company diverted $ 750,000 of bill payments to a personal bank account over a three year period . Misleading financial statement Before investing money investor want to known the company’s financial position and performance . They want to see the balance sheet and income statement. So financial companies sometimes intentionally prepare false financial statement to improve their chances of getting invested. Insider Trading A trading of corporation’s stock or other securities by individual with access to non-public information about the company the company it is unfair would destroy the security markets by destroying investor confidence
- 7. Holding upbills of vendors on silly reasons and ultimately buying from others to avoid payments to earlier vendors. Delay in paying wages, interest to financiers, incentives, bonus to employees Cheating employees of their dues towards medical expenses, leave travel assistance, children education fees etc…
- 8. A two wheelercompany employs graduate engineer trainees every year. It imports training in all department for one year. At the end of the year a written test and an interviews is taken for placement of engineers in different departments. If a trainee engineer leaves a company for any reason within the first year he will have to refund company training expense of Rs.50,000 Question Is the system ethical ?
- 9. To givean accurate To the members about the state of affair of a company To meet the objectives of company act,1956 and the also article of association To be reasonably skillful and careful in identifying the true nature of accounts
- 10. Deception --act of misrepresenting relevant information Churning -- excessive and inappropriate trading for clients account and broker who has control over the account with intent to generate commissions rather than to benefit client unsuitability unfairness in market
- 11. Harshad mehta wasan Indian stock broker . On April 23, 1992, journalist Sucheta Dalal exposed Mehta's illegal methods in a column in The Times of India. Mehta was dipping illegally into the banking system to finance his buying.
- 12. Satyam computerservices was a corporate scandal that occurred in India in 2009 where Chairman Ramalinga Raju confessed that the company's accounts had been falsified. CID told in court that the actual number of employees is only 40,000 and not 53,000 as reported earlier and that Mr. Raju had been withdrawing 20 crore (US$4 million) every month for paying these13,000 non-existent employees.
- 14. YEAR-- 2011-2018 SCAMMERS– NIRAVMODI, AMI MODI, NEESHAL MODI, MEHUL C CHOKSI Punjab National Bank Fraud Case relates to alleged fraudulent Letter of Undertaking worth ₹11,600 crore The fraudulent transactions are allegedly linked to designer and jeweler Nirav Modi of Firestar Diamonds, against whom a complaint has been filed with the Central Bureau of Investigation.
- 15. Integrity Each member hasa responsibility to : 1. mitigate actual conflict of interest. 2. Abstain from engaging in or supporting any activity that might discredit the profession. Credibility Each member has a responsibility to 1. Communicate information fairly and objectively 2. Disclose of relevant information that could be reasonably be expected to influence and intended user understanding of the reports, analysis, or recommendation.
- 16. Emphasis on short termresults Accounting rules Ignoring small unethical issues
- 17. EMPHASIS ON SHORT TERM RESULTS •Manipulating accounting entries to show better result (window dressing) to raise further capital from the market. ACCOUNTING RULES • In the era of globalization and massive flow of capital accounting rule changing faster than ever before. The rules become Complex. And complexity or difficulties become reason for unethical behavior IGNORING SMALL UNETHICAL ISSUES • Companies need to develop an environment where small ethical lapses are taken seriously so that they do not recur in the future
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- 19. When faced withethical issues , accountants should follow their organization’s established policies on the resolution of such conflict if these policies do not resolve the ethical conflict, accountant should consider the following course of action : Discuss the issue with his immediate supervisor expect when it appear that the supervisor is involved . In that case , he should present the issue to the next level Clarify relevant ethical issue by initiating a confidential discussion with an impartial advisor to obtain a better understanding of possible course of action.