Europe Continent Countries, Capitals, Waters & Landmarks
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This document provides an informative overview of European countries, focusing on their capital cities, surrounding bodies of water, and notable landmarks or unique sites. It offers geographical insights by highlighting coastal and landlocked nations, as well as major rivers, lakes, and seas that define the continent’s natural borders. Each country is briefly profiled with key information about its capital and at least one distinctive cultural, historical, or natural site, showcasing the continent’s incredible diversity and heritage.
![Jutland
Peninsula
Peloponnese
Peninsula
Scandinavian
Peninsula
Balkan
Peninsula
Scandinavian
Countries
Nordic
Countries
[Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea,
North Sea]
Cyprus – [Cilician Sea, Levantine Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Nicosia
Yugoslavia
1918 - 1992
Czechoslovakia
1918 - 1992
Lake
Ohrid
Lake
Prespa
Underground
Link
Geographically
part
of
North
America,
but
politically
it
is
an
autonomous
territory
of
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
Lake
Shkodra
Prizren City Called
Mecca of Balkan
البلقان مكة
Balkan
Mountains
(Stara
Planina)
Multi-Continent
Countries
–
Asia
&
Europe
Baltic
Countries
[Black Sea, Baltic Sea, Caspian Sea,
Sea of Azov, Sea of Japan, Sea of
Okhotsk, White Sea, Barents Sea,
Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian
Sea, Chukchi Sea, Bering Sea]
USSR ☭
[Black Sea, Aegean Sea,
Cilician Sea, Marmara Sea]
Caucasus
Mountains
Anatolia
Peninsula
the
Asian
Portion
of
Türkiye
Geographically,
it
lies
in
Western
Asia
but
Politically
&
Culturally
considered
as
European
country
Ancient
World
Wonders
-Statue
of
Zeus
at
Olympia
(435
BCE)
-Colossus
of
Rhodes
(350
BCE)
(Both
Destroyed)
Ancient
World
Wonders
-Temple
of
Artemis
at
Ephesus
(550
BCE)
-Mausoleum
at
Halicarnassus
(350
BCE)
(Both
Destroyed)
Poland – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Warsaw
both Lithuania & Poland share
borders with Russia, but only
through the Kaliningrad Oblast, a
Russian exclave portion located
between them on the Baltic Sea.
Derinkuyu
Underground
City
USSR ☭- Asia
Acropolis
of
Athens
Ancient
Greek
Monumental
Complex
EuropE
Iceland – [Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea]
Capital: Reykjavík
Denmark – [Baltic Sea, North Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Copenhagen
Norway –
Capital: Oslo
Sweden – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Stockholm
Finland – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Helsinki
Åland Islands (Finland)
Capital: Mariehamn
Spitzbergen
Svalbard (Norway)
Capital: Longyearbyen
Greenland (Denmark)
Capital: Nuuk (Kalaallit Nunat)
Faroe Island (Denmark)
Capital: Tórshavn
Türkiye ☾⭒–
Capital: Ankara
Armenia
Capital: Yerevan
Georgia᛭ – [Black Sea]
Capital: Tbilisi
Azerbaijan ☪ – [Caspian Sea]
Capital: Baku
Russia –
Capital: Moscow
Moldova
Capital: Chișinău
Czechia ⒺⓊ
Capital: Prague (Praha)
Slovakia ⒺⓊ
Capital: Bratislava
Bulgaria – [Black Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Sofia
Serbia
Capital: Belgrade
Bosnia & Herzegovina – [Adriatic Sea]
Capital: Sarajevo
Kosovo
Capital: Pristina
Romania – [Black Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Bucharest
Croatia – [Adriatic Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Zagreb
Slovenia – [Adriatic Sea, Alps] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Ljubljana
Black Mountain األسود الجبل
Montenegro – [Adriatic Sea]
Capital: Podgorica
North Macedonia
Capital: Skopje
Albania – [Adriatic Sea]
Capital: Tiranë
Greece🞥 – [Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Athens
Estonia – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Tallinn
Latvia – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Riga
Lithuania – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Vilnius
Belorussia, White Russia البيضاء روسيا
Belarus
Capital: Minsk
Ukraine – [Black Sea, Sea of Azov]
Capital: Kyiv
-Uzbekistan
-Turkmenistan
-Tajikistan
-Kyrgyzstan
-Kazakhstan](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/europe-250604135419-0a91de7c/85/Europe-Continent-Countries-Capitals-Waters-Landmarks-1-320.jpg)
![Great
Britain
British
Isles
Iberian
Peninsula
United
Kingdom
[North Sea, Celtic Sea,
Irish Sea, English Channel]
المجر
طارق جبل
De Facto States:
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
Transnistria ☭ (Moldova)
Capital: Tiraspol
State of the South Caucasus
Abkhazia (Georgia)
Capital: Sokhumi
State of Alania
South Ossetia (Georgia)
Capital: Tskhinvali
Turkish Republic of the Northern Cyprus (TRNC)
Northern Cyprus (Türkiye)
Capital: North Nicosia
[North Sea, Celtic Sea, Bay of
Biscay, English Channel, Alps]
[Adriatic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian
Sea, Ligurian Sea, Sicilian Sea, Alps]
Apennine
Peninsula
España
Apennine
Mountains
Lake Geneva
“Lac Leman”
The Alpine Region:
Refers to the geographic area associated with The Alps across eight countries:
Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, Switzerland
The Highest Peak is Mont Blanc (4,809 m) Located in France, Italy, Switzerland
One of only two double
landlocked countries in
the world — the other
Uzbekistan in Aisa.
Straits, Channels, Passages, Sounds & Canals:
-Strait of Dover→ North Sea ↔ English Channel.
-English Channel (La Manche)→ North Sea ↔ North Atlantic Ocean.
-Øresund (The Sound)→ Baltic Sea ↔ Kattegat.
-Kattegat & Skagerrak Straits→ Baltic Sea ↔ North Sea.
-Strait of Gibraltar → Mediterranean Sea [Alboran Sea] ↔ North Atlantic Ocean.
-Bosphorus Strait→ Black Sea ↔ Sea of Marmara.
-Dardanelles Strait→ Sea of Marmara ↔ Mediterranean Sea [Aegean Sea].
-Strait of Messina→ Tyrrhenian Sea ↔ Ionian Sea.
-Strait of Bonifacio→ Between Islands Corsica (France) & Sardinia (Italy).
-Strait of Sicily (Mediterranean Sea)→ Connects Eastern & Western Mediterranean (Between Tunisia & Italy)
-Baltic Sea ↔ Kattegat & Skagerrak Straits ↔ North Sea ↔ Dover Strait ↔ English Channel ↔ North Atlantic Ocean
Keil Canal Norwegian Sea
-Sea of Azov ↔ Kerch Strait ↔ Black Sea ↔ Bosphorus Strait ↔ Sea of Marmara ↔ Dardanelles Strait ↔ Mediterranean Sea ↔ Gibraltar Strait ↔ North Atlantic Ocean
Suez Canal ↔ Gulf of Suez ↔ Red Sea
Mediterranean Sea Water Bodies/Subdivisions:
Alboran Sea, Balearic Sea, Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea, Adriatic Sea,
Aegean Sea, Sea of Crete, Levantine Sea, Libyan Sea.
Gibraltar Strait – Strait of Sicily – Dardanelles Strait
New
World
Wonders
Roman
Colosseum
(72
CE)
(Ancient
Amphitheater)
Two of only three Enclave countries in
the world, both surrounded by Italy —
the other being Lesotho in Africa.
Stonehenge: Prehistoric
Monument & the most Mysterious
Archaeological sites in the world.
Carnac
Stones
Megalithic
stone
alignment
Eiffel
Tower
Wrought
iron
Lattice
Tower
Hungary ⒺⓊ
Capital: Budapest
Netherlands 𒅒 – [North Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Amsterdam
Ireland – [Irish Sea, Celtic Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Dublin
United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
United Kingdom (UK)
Capital: London
England
Capital: London
Scotland
Capital: Edinburgh
Wales
Capital: Cardiff
Northern Ireland
Capital: Belfast
Jersey (UK) – [English Channel]
Capital: Saint Helier
Guernsey ☩ (UK) – [English Channel]
Capital: Saint Peter Port
Isle of Man (UK) – [Irish Sea]
Capital: Douglas
Belgium – [North Sea] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Brussels
Austria – [Alps] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Vienna
Germany – [North Sea, Baltic Sea, Alps] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Berlin
Switzerland 🞧 – [Alps]
Capital: Bern
France – ⒺⓊ
Capital: Paris
Gibraltar (UK) – [Alboran Sea]
Capital: Gibraltar
Spain – ⒺⓊ
Capital: Madrid
Portugal ⛨ – [North Atlantic Ocean] ⒺⓊ
Capital: Lisbon
Italy – ⒺⓊ
Capital: Rome
San Marino
Capital: San Marino
Vatican ♱
Capital: Vatican City
Liechtenstein♚ – [Alps]
Capital: Vaduz
Monaco – [Ligurian Sea, Alps]
Capital: Monaco
Luxemburg ⒺⓊ
Capital: Luxemburg
Malta ⒺⓊ – [Sicilian Sea, Libyan Sea]
Capital: Valletta
Andorra
Capital: Andorra La Vella
The
same
name:
Edinburgh
of
the
Seven
Seas
the
Capital
of
Saint
Helena,
Ascension
and
Tristan
da
Cunha
one
of
the
(British
Overseas
Territories)
in
South
Atlantic
Ocean.
Lake
Constance
“Bodensee”
[Alboran Sea, Balearic Sea, Bay
of Biscay, North Atlantic Ocean]
Blue Hole, Gozo
Water Sinkhole
~35m depth](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/europe-250604135419-0a91de7c/85/Europe-Continent-Countries-Capitals-Waters-Landmarks-2-320.jpg)
Europe Continent Countries, Capitals, Waters & Landmarks
- 1. Jutland Peninsula Peloponnese Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Scandinavian Countries Nordic Countries [Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, North Sea] Cyprus – [Cilician Sea, Levantine Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Nicosia Yugoslavia 1918 - 1992 Czechoslovakia 1918 - 1992 Lake Ohrid Lake Prespa Underground Link Geographically part of North America, but politically it is an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark Lake Shkodra Prizren City Called Mecca of Balkan البلقان مكة Balkan Mountains (Stara Planina) Multi-Continent Countries – Asia & Europe Baltic Countries [Black Sea, Baltic Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, White Sea, Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Bering Sea] USSR ☭ [Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Cilician Sea, Marmara Sea] Caucasus Mountains Anatolia Peninsula the Asian Portion of Türkiye Geographically, it lies in Western Asia but Politically & Culturally considered as European country Ancient World Wonders -Statue of Zeus at Olympia (435 BCE) -Colossus of Rhodes (350 BCE) (Both Destroyed) Ancient World Wonders -Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (550 BCE) -Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (350 BCE) (Both Destroyed) Poland – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Warsaw both Lithuania & Poland share borders with Russia, but only through the Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave portion located between them on the Baltic Sea. Derinkuyu Underground City USSR ☭- Asia Acropolis of Athens Ancient Greek Monumental Complex EuropE Iceland – [Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea] Capital: Reykjavík Denmark – [Baltic Sea, North Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Copenhagen Norway – Capital: Oslo Sweden – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Stockholm Finland – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Helsinki Åland Islands (Finland) Capital: Mariehamn Spitzbergen Svalbard (Norway) Capital: Longyearbyen Greenland (Denmark) Capital: Nuuk (Kalaallit Nunat) Faroe Island (Denmark) Capital: Tórshavn Türkiye ☾⭒– Capital: Ankara Armenia Capital: Yerevan Georgia᛭ – [Black Sea] Capital: Tbilisi Azerbaijan ☪ – [Caspian Sea] Capital: Baku Russia – Capital: Moscow Moldova Capital: Chișinău Czechia ⒺⓊ Capital: Prague (Praha) Slovakia ⒺⓊ Capital: Bratislava Bulgaria – [Black Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Sofia Serbia Capital: Belgrade Bosnia & Herzegovina – [Adriatic Sea] Capital: Sarajevo Kosovo Capital: Pristina Romania – [Black Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Bucharest Croatia – [Adriatic Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Zagreb Slovenia – [Adriatic Sea, Alps] ⒺⓊ Capital: Ljubljana Black Mountain األسود الجبل Montenegro – [Adriatic Sea] Capital: Podgorica North Macedonia Capital: Skopje Albania – [Adriatic Sea] Capital: Tiranë Greece🞥 – [Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Athens Estonia – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Tallinn Latvia – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Riga Lithuania – [Baltic Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Vilnius Belorussia, White Russia البيضاء روسيا Belarus Capital: Minsk Ukraine – [Black Sea, Sea of Azov] Capital: Kyiv -Uzbekistan -Turkmenistan -Tajikistan -Kyrgyzstan -Kazakhstan
- 2. Great Britain British Isles Iberian Peninsula United Kingdom [North Sea, Celtic Sea, Irish Sea, English Channel] المجر طارق جبل De Facto States: Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic Transnistria ☭ (Moldova) Capital: Tiraspol State of the South Caucasus Abkhazia (Georgia) Capital: Sokhumi State of Alania South Ossetia (Georgia) Capital: Tskhinvali Turkish Republic of the Northern Cyprus (TRNC) Northern Cyprus (Türkiye) Capital: North Nicosia [North Sea, Celtic Sea, Bay of Biscay, English Channel, Alps] [Adriatic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea, Ligurian Sea, Sicilian Sea, Alps] Apennine Peninsula España Apennine Mountains Lake Geneva “Lac Leman” The Alpine Region: Refers to the geographic area associated with The Alps across eight countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, Switzerland The Highest Peak is Mont Blanc (4,809 m) Located in France, Italy, Switzerland One of only two double landlocked countries in the world — the other Uzbekistan in Aisa. Straits, Channels, Passages, Sounds & Canals: -Strait of Dover→ North Sea ↔ English Channel. -English Channel (La Manche)→ North Sea ↔ North Atlantic Ocean. -Øresund (The Sound)→ Baltic Sea ↔ Kattegat. -Kattegat & Skagerrak Straits→ Baltic Sea ↔ North Sea. -Strait of Gibraltar → Mediterranean Sea [Alboran Sea] ↔ North Atlantic Ocean. -Bosphorus Strait→ Black Sea ↔ Sea of Marmara. -Dardanelles Strait→ Sea of Marmara ↔ Mediterranean Sea [Aegean Sea]. -Strait of Messina→ Tyrrhenian Sea ↔ Ionian Sea. -Strait of Bonifacio→ Between Islands Corsica (France) & Sardinia (Italy). -Strait of Sicily (Mediterranean Sea)→ Connects Eastern & Western Mediterranean (Between Tunisia & Italy) -Baltic Sea ↔ Kattegat & Skagerrak Straits ↔ North Sea ↔ Dover Strait ↔ English Channel ↔ North Atlantic Ocean Keil Canal Norwegian Sea -Sea of Azov ↔ Kerch Strait ↔ Black Sea ↔ Bosphorus Strait ↔ Sea of Marmara ↔ Dardanelles Strait ↔ Mediterranean Sea ↔ Gibraltar Strait ↔ North Atlantic Ocean Suez Canal ↔ Gulf of Suez ↔ Red Sea Mediterranean Sea Water Bodies/Subdivisions: Alboran Sea, Balearic Sea, Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Sea of Crete, Levantine Sea, Libyan Sea. Gibraltar Strait – Strait of Sicily – Dardanelles Strait New World Wonders Roman Colosseum (72 CE) (Ancient Amphitheater) Two of only three Enclave countries in the world, both surrounded by Italy — the other being Lesotho in Africa. Stonehenge: Prehistoric Monument & the most Mysterious Archaeological sites in the world. Carnac Stones Megalithic stone alignment Eiffel Tower Wrought iron Lattice Tower Hungary ⒺⓊ Capital: Budapest Netherlands 𒅒 – [North Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Amsterdam Ireland – [Irish Sea, Celtic Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Dublin United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland United Kingdom (UK) Capital: London England Capital: London Scotland Capital: Edinburgh Wales Capital: Cardiff Northern Ireland Capital: Belfast Jersey (UK) – [English Channel] Capital: Saint Helier Guernsey ☩ (UK) – [English Channel] Capital: Saint Peter Port Isle of Man (UK) – [Irish Sea] Capital: Douglas Belgium – [North Sea] ⒺⓊ Capital: Brussels Austria – [Alps] ⒺⓊ Capital: Vienna Germany – [North Sea, Baltic Sea, Alps] ⒺⓊ Capital: Berlin Switzerland 🞧 – [Alps] Capital: Bern France – ⒺⓊ Capital: Paris Gibraltar (UK) – [Alboran Sea] Capital: Gibraltar Spain – ⒺⓊ Capital: Madrid Portugal ⛨ – [North Atlantic Ocean] ⒺⓊ Capital: Lisbon Italy – ⒺⓊ Capital: Rome San Marino Capital: San Marino Vatican ♱ Capital: Vatican City Liechtenstein♚ – [Alps] Capital: Vaduz Monaco – [Ligurian Sea, Alps] Capital: Monaco Luxemburg ⒺⓊ Capital: Luxemburg Malta ⒺⓊ – [Sicilian Sea, Libyan Sea] Capital: Valletta Andorra Capital: Andorra La Vella The same name: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas the Capital of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha one of the (British Overseas Territories) in South Atlantic Ocean. Lake Constance “Bodensee” [Alboran Sea, Balearic Sea, Bay of Biscay, North Atlantic Ocean] Blue Hole, Gozo Water Sinkhole ~35m depth