Root Cause Analysis
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This document outlines a 5-step process for performing a root cause analysis: 1) Define the problem by describing symptoms and what is observed. 2) Collect data on how long the problem has existed, its impact, and different perspectives using a CATWOE analysis. 3) Identify possible causal factors using tools like appreciation, 5 whys, drill down, and cause-and-effect diagrams. 4) Identify the root cause of why the causal factor exists. 5) Recommend and implement solutions to prevent future occurrences, assign responsibilities, and manage risks, using continuous improvement strategies like kaizen. It provides an example task to diagnose a network printing problem at CycleWorld using this root cause analysis model.
Root Cause Analysis
- 1. Root Cause Analysis Tracing a problem to its origins
- 2. Step One: Define the Problem • What do you see happening? • What are the specific symptoms?
- 3. Step Two: Collect Data • What proof do you have that the problem exists? • How long has the problem existed? • What is the impact of the problem? A helpful tool at this stage is CATWOE. With this process, you look at the same situation from different perspectives: the Customers, the people (Actors) who implement the solutions, the Transformation process that's affected, the World view, the process Owner, and Environmental constraints.
- 4. Step Three: Identify Possible Causal Factors • What sequence of events leads to the problem? • What conditions allow the problem to occur? • What other problems surround the occurrence of the central problem? Use these tools to help identify causal factors: • Appreciation – Use the facts and ask "So what?" to determine all the possible consequences of a fact. • 5 Whys – Ask "Why?" until you get to the root of the problem. • Drill Down – Break down a problem into small, detailed parts to better understand the big picture. • Cause and Effect Diagrams – Create a chart of all of the possible causal factors, to see where the trouble may have begun.
- 5. Step Four: Identify the root cause(s) • Why does the causal factor exist? • What is the real reason the problem occurred?
- 6. Step Five: Recommend & Implement Solutions • What can you do to prevent the problem from happening again? • How will the solution be implemented? • Who will be responsible for it? • What are the risks of implementing the solution? An excellent strategy to adopt is Kaizen, or continuous improvement. This is the idea that continual small changes create better systems overall. Kaizen also emphasizes that the people closest to a process should identify places for improvement. Again, with kaizen alive and well in your company, the root causes of problems can be identified and resolved quickly and effectively.
- 7. Task CycleWorld has a network problem: 2 of the PCs on the Cycleworld network cannot access a printer. Using the root cause analysis model, how would you diagnose the problem and offer a solution(s)