Evolution of a computer 1
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This document traces the evolution of early counting and calculating devices from ancient times through the development of the first modern computer. It describes tools like fingers, sticks, and stones used by early humans; the Chinese abacus from 4000 years ago; John Napier's 17th century invention called Napier's Bones used for multiplication and division; Blaise Pascal's 17th century mechanical calculator called the Pascaline; Gottfried Leibnitz's 17th century stepped reckoner machine; Charles Babbage's 19th century analytical engine design; Herman Hollerith's 19th century tabulating machine using punched cards; and the first modern electronic computer called ENIAC built in 1946 in the United States using vacuum tubes.
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Evolution of a computer 1
- 2. Stick and Stones The first people use their fingers in counting. They also used sticks, ropes, and stones to make counting easier.
- 3. ABACUS More than 4, 000 years ago, the Chinese started using the abacus for counting and calculating. It is usually made of wooden frame, metal rods, and wooden beads.
- 4. NAPIER’S BONE In 1612, John Napier from Scotland invented a device made of rods. It was use to multiply and divide numbers. This device was called Napier’s Bones.
- 5. PASCALINE In 1642, Blaise Pascal, a mathematician from France, Invented a calculating machine. He called his invention the Pascaline. He used the machine to help his father compute tax collections. Calculations were done by hand using interlocking wheels and pulleys.
- 7. STEPPED RECKONER In 1674, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz, a German mathematician, invented a calculating machine. It could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Leibnitz called his invention the Stepped Reckoner.
- 9. Analytical Engine This was designed by Charles Babbage in 1833. He was helped by Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace. The machine was not completed, but modern computers are based on Babbage’s original design.
- 11. HOLLERITH’S TABULATING MACHINE Herman Hollerith, an American businessman, invented the tabulating machine in 1890. The machine used punched cards to record, arrange, and store data. The machine was used for statistics.
- 14. The ENIAC ( Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was built in 1946 in the United States. It helped design weapons. ENIAC used vacuum tubes and valves for computing and sending electrical signals.